Oral-facial-digital syndrome VII is oral-facial-digital syndrome I: a clarification

Oral-facial-digital syndrome with vaginal atresia, hydronephrosis and congenital cardiac defect

Orofaciodigital syndromes (OFDS) are a group of diseases classified according to the phenotype and the mode of inheritance. We report on a female patient with ocular hypertelorism, broad nasal root, midline cleft of the upper lip, lobulated tongue, polydactyly of both hands, polysyndactyly of the right big toe and fifth toe, and polydactyly of the left foot. These clinical manifestations resembled OFDS type I. Other associated features included congenital heart defect, bilateral hydronephrosis, and vaginal atresia. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of OFDS with vaginal atresia.

Oral-facial-digital syndromes: review and diagnostic guidelines

The oral-facial-digital syndromes (OFDS) result from the pleiotropic effect of a morphogenetic impairment affecting almost invariably the mouth, face and digits. Other organ systems can be involved, defining specific types of OFDS. To date, 13 types have been distinguished based on characteristic clinical manifestations. An updated list of these types is provided and recent molecular data are discussed.

Short humerus: an additional antenatal sonographic feature of OFDS type II

The prevalence of skeletal dysplasia in the neonatal period is 2.4/10,000 births; it accounts for 1-2% of perinatal deaths, mainly stillbirths. A long bone measurement of less than -4 standard deviations is a definitive indication of skeletal dysplasia, whereas measurement between -2 and -4 standard deviations warrants detailed sonographic examination for other associated anomalies to arrive at a diagnosis. We report a case of oral-facial-digital syndrome type II that presented antenatally with polyhydramnios, short humerus, polydactyly, and duplicated thumb.

Report of a new syndrome: Focus on differential diagnosis and review of Ellis-van Creveld, Curry-Hall, acrofacial dysostosis, and orofacial digital syndromes

Ellis-van Creveld (EvC) and Curry-Hall (CH) syndromes are rare syndromes that occur due to mutations of genes mapped to the chromosome 4p16 region. Hence, they both have few features that are common. The dental literature describing the oral manifestations and etiology of both syndromes is scarce. We report a case of a 7-year-old girl who appeared with features that are common to both syndromes, as well as with other features such as reduced cranial base flexure and toes of equal length with skeletal changes that have not been mentioned or described in earlier reports. The patient possibly represents a new syndromic entity that has not been reported until now. Further, we present a review of various other similar syndromes, such as various types of orofacial digital (OFD) syndrome and acrofacial dysostosis.

Clinical, molecular, and genotype-phenotype correlation studies from 25 cases of oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1: a French and Belgian collaborative study

Oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 (OFD1) is characterised by an X linked dominant mode of inheritance with lethality in males. Clinical features include facial dysmorphism with oral, tooth, and distal abnormalities, polycystic kidney disease, and central nervous system malformations. Large interfamilial and intrafamilial clinical variability has been widely reported, and 18 distinct mutations have been previously reported within OFD1. A French and Belgian collaborative study collected 25 cases from 16 families. OFD1 was analysed using direct sequencing and phenotype-genotype correlation was performed using chi2 test. X inactivation studies were performed on blood lymphocytes. In 11 families, 11 novel mutations, including nine frameshift, one nonsense, and one missense mutation were identified, which spanned nine different exons. A combination of our results with previously reported cases showed that the majority of mutations (65.5%) was located in exons 3, 8, 9, 13, and 16. There was phenotype-genotype correlation between (a) polycystic kidney disease and splice mutations; (b) mental retardation and mutations located in exons 3, 8, 9, 13, and 16; and (c) tooth abnormalities and mutations located in coiled coil domains. Comparing the phenotype of the families with a pathogenic mutation to families with absence of OFD1 mutation, polycystic kidneys and short stature were significantly more frequent in the group with no OFD1 mutation, whereas lingual hamartomas were significantly more frequent in the group with OFD1 mutation. Finally, an X inactivation study showed non-random X inactivation in a third of the samples. Differential X inactivation between mothers and daughters in two families with high intrafamilial variability was of particular interest. Slight phenotype-genotype correlations were established, and X inactivation study showed that skewed X inactivation could be partially involved in the pathogenesis of intrafamilial clinical variability.