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Glotov OS, Chernov AN, Glotov AS. Human Exome Sequencing and Prospects for Predictive Medicine: Analysis of International Data and Own Experience. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1236. [PMID: 37623486 PMCID: PMC10455459 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13081236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, whole-exome sequencing (WES) is used to conduct the massive screening of structural and regulatory genes in order to identify the allele frequencies of disease-associated polymorphisms in various populations and thus detect pathogenic genetic changes (mutations or polymorphisms) conducive to malfunctional protein sequences. With its extensive capabilities, exome sequencing today allows both the diagnosis of monogenic diseases (MDs) and the examination of seemingly healthy populations to reveal a wide range of potential risks prior to disease manifestation (in the future, exome sequencing may outpace costly and less informative genome sequencing to become the first-line examination technique). This review establishes the human genetic passport as a new WES-based clinical concept for the identification of new candidate genes, gene variants, and molecular mechanisms in the diagnosis, prediction, and treatment of monogenic, oligogenic, and multifactorial diseases. Various diseases are addressed to demonstrate the extensive potential of WES and consider its advantages as well as disadvantages. Thus, WES can become a general test with a broad spectrum pf applications, including opportunistic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg S. Glotov
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Experimental Medical Virology, Molecular Genetics and Biobanking of Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Chernov
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey S. Glotov
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
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Schizophrenic Psychosis Symptoms in a Background of Mild-To-Moderate Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase II Deficiency: A Case Report. REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/reports3040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a multifaceted mental illness characterized by cognitive and neurobehavioral abnormalities. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency is a metabolic disorder resulting in impaired transport of long-chain fatty acids from the cytosol to the mitochondrial inner membrane, where fatty acid β-oxidation takes place. Here, we present an interesting clinical case of an adolescent male that presented with psychosis and a history of mild-to-moderate CPT II deficiency. To identify germline genetic variation that may contribute to the phenotypes observed, we performed whole-exome sequencing on DNA from the proband, unaffected fraternal twin, and biological parents. The proband was identified to be homozygous for the p.Val368Ile and heterozygous for the p.Met647Val variant in CPT2. Each of these variants are benign on their own; however, their combined effect is unclear. Further, variation was identified in the dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) gene (c.339+2T>C), which may contribute to decreased activity of DBH; however, based on the patient’s presentation, severe DBH deficiency is unlikely. In conclusion, the variants identified in this study do not clearly explain the observed patient phenotypes, indicating that the complex phenotypes are likely caused by an interplay of genetic and environmental factors that warrant further investigation.
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Zhang X, Nielsen DA, Domingo CB, Shorter DI, Nielsen EM, Kosten TR. Pharmacogenetics of Dopamine β-Hydroxylase in cocaine dependence therapy with doxazosin. Addict Biol 2019; 24:531-538. [PMID: 29498170 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The α1 -adrenergic antagonist, doxazosin, has improved cocaine use disorder (CUD) presumably by blocking norepinephrine (NE) stimulation and reward from cocaine-induced NE increases. If the NE levels for release were lower, then doxazosin might more readily block this NE stimulation and be more effective. The NE available for release can be lower through a genetic polymorphism in dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) (C-1021T, rs1611115), which reduces DβH's conversion of dopamine to NE. We hypothesize that doxazosin would be more effective in CUD patients who have these genetically lower DβH levels. This 12-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial included 76 CUD patients: 49 with higher DβH levels from the DBH CC genotype and 27 with lower DβH levels from T-allele carriers (CT or TT). Patients were randomized to doxazosin (8 mg/day, N = 47) or placebo (N = 29) and followed with thrice weekly urine toxicology and once weekly cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Cocaine use was reduced at a higher rate among patients in the doxazosin than in the placebo arm. We found significantly lower cocaine use rates among patients carrying the T-allele (CT/TT) than the CC genotype. The percentage of cocaine positive urines was reduced by 41 percent from baseline in the CT/TT group with low DβH and NE levels, as compared with no net reduction in the CC genotype group with normal DβH and NE levels. The DBH polymorphism appears play an important role in CUD patients' response to doxazosin treatment, supporting a pharmacogenetic association and potential application for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zhang
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston TX USA
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesBaylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - David A. Nielsen
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston TX USA
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesBaylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Coreen B. Domingo
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston TX USA
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesBaylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Daryl I. Shorter
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston TX USA
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesBaylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Ellen M. Nielsen
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston TX USA
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesBaylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Thomas R. Kosten
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston TX USA
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesBaylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
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Barbitoff YA, Serebryakova EA, Nasykhova YA, Predeus AV, Polev DE, Shuvalova AR, Vasiliev EV, Urazov SP, Sarana AM, Scherbak SG, Gladyshev DV, Pokrovskaya MS, Sivakova OV, Meshkov AN, Drapkina OM, Glotov OS, Glotov AS. Identification of Novel Candidate Markers of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in Russia by Exome Sequencing with a Limited Sample Size. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9080415. [PMID: 30126146 PMCID: PMC6115942 DOI: 10.3390/genes9080415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are common chronic disorders with multifactorial etiology. In our study, we performed an exome sequencing analysis of 110 patients of Russian ethnicity together with a multi-perspective approach based on biologically meaningful filtering criteria to detect novel candidate variants and loci for T2D and obesity. We have identified several known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as markers for obesity (rs11960429), T2D (rs9379084, rs1126930), and body mass index (BMI) (rs11553746, rs1956549 and rs7195386) (p < 0.05). We show that a method based on scoring of case-specific variants together with selection of protein-altering variants can allow for the interrogation of novel and known candidate markers of T2D and obesity in small samples. Using this method, we identified rs328 in LPL (p = 0.023), rs11863726 in HBQ1 (p = 8 × 10−5), rs112984085 in VAV3 (p = 4.8 × 10−4) for T2D and obesity, rs6271 in DBH (p = 0.043), rs62618693 in QSER1 (p = 0.021), rs61758785 in RAD51B (p = 1.7 × 10−4), rs34042554 in PCDHA1 (p = 1 × 10−4), and rs144183813 in PLEKHA5 (p = 1.7 × 10−4) for obesity; and rs9379084 in RREB1 (p = 0.042), rs2233984 in C6orf15 (p = 0.030), rs61737764 in ITGB6 (p = 0.035), rs17801742 in COL2A1 (p = 8.5 × 10−5), and rs685523 in ADAMTS13 (p = 1 × 10−6) for T2D as important susceptibility loci in Russian population. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of whole exome sequencing (WES) technologies for searching for novel markers of multifactorial diseases in cohorts of limited size in poorly studied populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury A Barbitoff
- Biobank of the Research Park, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
- Bioinformatics Institute, 194100 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
- Institute of Translation Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Elena A Serebryakova
- Biobank of the Research Park, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
- Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnostics of Hereditary Diseases, FSBSI «The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology Named after D.O. Ott», 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
- City Hospital No. 40, Sestroretsk, 197706 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Yulia A Nasykhova
- Biobank of the Research Park, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
- Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnostics of Hereditary Diseases, FSBSI «The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology Named after D.O. Ott», 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | | | - Dmitrii E Polev
- Biobank of the Research Park, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Anna R Shuvalova
- Biobank of the Research Park, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | | | | | - Andrey M Sarana
- Institute of Translation Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
- City Hospital No. 40, Sestroretsk, 197706 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Sergey G Scherbak
- Institute of Translation Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
- City Hospital No. 40, Sestroretsk, 197706 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | | | - Maria S Pokrovskaya
- Federal State Institution «National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 101990 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Oksana V Sivakova
- Federal State Institution «National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 101990 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Aleksey N Meshkov
- Federal State Institution «National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 101990 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Oxana M Drapkina
- Federal State Institution «National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 101990 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Oleg S Glotov
- Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnostics of Hereditary Diseases, FSBSI «The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology Named after D.O. Ott», 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
- City Hospital No. 40, Sestroretsk, 197706 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Andrey S Glotov
- Biobank of the Research Park, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
- Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnostics of Hereditary Diseases, FSBSI «The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology Named after D.O. Ott», 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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Polymorphisms in genes encoding dopamine signalling pathway and risk of alcohol dependence: a systematic review. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2014; 26:69-80. [PMID: 24983092 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2013.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol dependence (AD) is one of the major elements that significantly influence drinking pattern that provoke the alcohol-induced organ damage. The structural and neurophysiologic abnormalities in the frontal lobes of chronic alcoholics were revealed by magnetic resonance imaging scans. It is well known that candidate genes involved in dopaminergic pathway are of immense interest to the researchers engaged in a wide range of addictive disorders. Dopaminergic pathway gene polymorphisms are being extensively studied with respect to addictive and behavioral disorders. METHODS From the broad literature available, the current review summarizes the specific polymorphisms of dopaminergic genes that play a role in alcohol dependence. RESULTS No evidence indicating any strong association between AD and polymorphisms of dopamine pathway genes has emerged from the literature. DISCUSSION Further studies are warranted, considering a range of alcohol-related traits to determine the genes that influence alcohol dependence.
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Jirout ML, Friese RS, Mahapatra NR, Mahata M, Taupenot L, Mahata SK, Kren V, Zídek V, Fischer J, Maatz H, Ziegler MG, Pravenec M, Hubner N, Aitman TJ, Schork NJ, O'Connor DT. Genetic regulation of catecholamine synthesis, storage and secretion in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:2567-80. [PMID: 20378607 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding catecholamine metabolism is crucial for elucidating the pathogenesis of hereditary hypertension. Here we integrated transcriptional and biochemical profiling with physiologic quantitative trait locus (eQTL and pQTL) mapping in adrenal glands of the HXB/BXH recombinant inbred (RI) strains, derived from the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and normotensive Brown Norway (BN.Lx). We found simultaneous down-regulation of five heritable transcripts in the catecholaminergic pathway in young (6 weeks) SHRs. We identified cis-acting eQTLs for Dbh, Pnmt (catecholamine biosynthesis) and Vamp1 (catecholamine secretion); enzymatic activities of Dbh and Pnmt paralleled transcripts, with pQTLs for activities mirroring eQTLs. We also detected trans-regulated expression of Vmat1 and Chga (both involved in catecholamine storage), with co-localization of these trans-eQTLs to the Pnmt locus. Pnmt re-sequencing revealed promoter polymorphisms that result in decreased response of the transfected SHR promoter to glucocorticoid, compared with BN.Lx. Of physiological pertinence, Dbh activity negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure in RI strains, whereas Pnmt activity was negatively correlated with heart rate. The finding of such cis- and trans-QTLs at an age before the onset of frank hypertension suggests that these heritable changes in biosynthetic enzyme expression represent primary genetic mechanisms for regulation of catecholamine action and blood pressure control in this widely studied model of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Jirout
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Senard JM, Rouet P. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2006; 1:7. [PMID: 16722595 PMCID: PMC1459119 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-1-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DβH) deficiency is a very rare form of primary autonomic failure characterized by a complete absence of noradrenaline and adrenaline in plasma together with increased dopamine plasma levels. The prevalence of DβH deficiency is unknown. Only a limited number of cases with this disease have been reported. DβH deficiency is mainly characterized by cardiovascular disorders and severe orthostatic hypotension. First symptoms often start during a complicated perinatal period with hypotension, muscle hypotonia, hypothermia and hypoglycemia. Children with DβH deficiency exhibit reduced ability to exercise because of blood pressure inadaptation with exertion and syncope. Symptoms usually worsen progressively during late adolescence and early adulthood with severe orthostatic hypotension, eyelid ptosis, nasal stuffiness and sexual disorders. Limitation in standing tolerance, limited ability to exercise and traumatic morbidity related to falls and syncope may represent later evolution. The syndrome is caused by heterogeneous molecular alterations of the DBH gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Restoration of plasma noradrenaline to the normal range can be achieved by therapy with the synthetic precursor of noradrenaline, L-threo-dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS). Oral administration of 100 to 500 mg DOPS, twice or three times daily, increases blood pressure and reverses the orthostatic intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Senard
- Club d'Etude du Système Nerveux Autonome, Autonomic Unit of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and INSERM U586, Faculté de Médecine, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Philippe Rouet
- INSERM Unit 586, Institut Louis Bugnard, C.H.U. Rangueil, 31054, Toulouse cedex, France
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