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Distal Tibial Hemimelia in Fetal Methotrexate Syndrome: A Case Study and Literature Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020228. [PMID: 36832357 PMCID: PMC9954531 DOI: 10.3390/children10020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX), a folate antagonist, is used in various fields, including malignancies and rheumatoid or inflammatory autoimmune diseases. MTX is used for the non-surgical treatment of ectopic pregnancies and the elective termination of pregnancy. The teratogenic effects of MTX have been recognized since the 1960s. Fetal methotrexate syndrome (FMS) was established based on the study of congenital anomalies. Generally, there is a risk of FMS when MTX is used between four and six weeks after conception. Here, we reviewed the literature regarding MTX usage and described a case of FMS that was born with a rare anomaly, such as tibial hemimelia, in a mother who had received MTX 4 months before conception for the management of an ectopic pregnancy.
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2
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Cerrizuela S, Vega-Lopez GA, Aybar MJ. The role of teratogens in neural crest development. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:584-632. [PMID: 31926062 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC), discovered by Wilhelm His 150 years ago, gives rise to a multipotent migratory embryonic cell population that generates a remarkably diverse and important array of cell types during the development of the vertebrate embryo. These cells originate in the neural plate border (NPB), which is the ectoderm between the neural plate and the epidermis. They give rise to the neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, melanocytes, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells, odontoblasts and neuroendocrine cells, among others. Neurocristopathies are a class of congenital diseases resulting from the abnormal induction, specification, migration, differentiation or death of NC cells (NCCs) during embryonic development and have an important medical and societal impact. In general, congenital defects affect an appreciable percentage of newborns worldwide. Some of these defects are caused by teratogens, which are agents that negatively impact the formation of tissues and organs during development. In this review, we will discuss the teratogens linked to the development of many birth defects, with a strong focus on those that specifically affect the development of the NC, thereby producing neurocristopathies. Although increasing attention is being paid to the effect of teratogens on embryonic development in general, there is a strong need to critically evaluate the specific role of these agents in NC development. Therefore, increased understanding of the role of these factors in NC development will contribute to the planning of strategies aimed at the prevention and treatment of human neurocristopathies, whose etiology was previously not considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cerrizuela
- Área Biología Experimental, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Guillermo A Vega-Lopez
- Área Biología Experimental, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Manuel J Aybar
- Área Biología Experimental, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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3
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Verberne EA, de Haan E, van Tintelen JP, Lindhout D, van Haelst MM. Fetal methotrexate syndrome: A systematic review of case reports. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 87:125-139. [PMID: 31181251 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate is a folic acid antagonist known to be teratogenic in humans. Several cases of congenital malformations after fetal exposure to methotrexate have been published, resulting in the establishment of the 'fetal methotrexate syndrome'. However, it is unclear which congenital anomalies can truly be attributed to methotrexate exposure. The objective of this review is to delineate a consistent phenotype of the fetal methotrexate syndrome. We performed a systematic review that yielded 29 cases of (congenital) anomalies after in utero exposure to methotrexate and compared their malformation pattern to that of children and fetuses with congenital anomalies in general. Statistically significant higher proportions of microcephaly, craniosynostosis, tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary valve atresia, limb reduction defects and syndactyly were found in the methotrexate group, indicating that these congenital anomalies are truly part of the fetal methotrexate syndrome. These results aid clinicians with diagnosing fetal methotrexate syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline A Verberne
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Emma de Haan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Peter van Tintelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Lindhout
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke M van Haelst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Fetal methotrexate syndrome and Antley-Bixler syndrome should not be confused. Pediatr Radiol 2018; 48:1180. [PMID: 29675757 PMCID: PMC6061480 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-018-4125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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5
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Dauti A, Gerstl B, Chong S, Chisholm O, Anazodo A. Improvements in Clinical Trials Information Will Improve the Reproductive Health and Fertility of Cancer Patients. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2017; 6:235-269. [PMID: 28207285 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2016.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a number of barriers that result in cancer patients not being referred for oncofertility care, which include knowledge about reproductive risks of antineoplastic agents. Without this information, clinicians do not always make recommendations for oncofertility care. The objective of this study was to describe the level of reproductive information and recommendations that clinicians have available in clinical trial protocols regarding oncofertility management and follow-up, and the information that patients may receive in clinical trials patient information sheets or consent forms. A literature review of the 71 antineoplastic drugs included in the 68 clinical trial protocols showed that 68% of the antineoplastic drugs had gonadotoxic animal data, 32% had gonadotoxic human data, 83% had teratogenic animal data, and 32% had teratogenic human data. When the clinical trial protocols were reviewed, only 22% of the protocols reported the teratogenic risks and 32% of the protocols reported the gonadotoxic risk. Only 56% of phase 3 protocols had gonadotoxic information and 13% of phase 3 protocols had teratogenic information. Nine percent of the protocols provided fertility preservation recommendations and 4% provided reproductive information in the follow-up and survivorship period. Twenty-six percent had a section in the clinical trials protocol, which identified oncofertility information easily. When gonadotoxic and teratogenic effects of treatment were known, they were not consistently included in the clinical trial protocols and the lack of data for new drugs was not reported. Very few protocols gave recommendations for oncofertility management and follow-up following the completion of cancer treatment. The research team proposes a number of recommendations that should be required for clinicians and pharmaceutical companies developing new trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dauti
- 1 College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, New York University , New York City, New York.,2 Population Sciences Department, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Department of Women's and Children's Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney, Australia
| | - Brigitte Gerstl
- 4 Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital , Sydney, Australia
| | - Serena Chong
- 3 Department of Women's and Children's Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney, Australia
| | - Orin Chisholm
- 5 Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney, Australia
| | - Antoinette Anazodo
- 3 Department of Women's and Children's Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney, Australia .,4 Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital , Sydney, Australia .,6 Nelune Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital , Randwick, Australia
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6
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Yu H, Luo H, Zhao F, Liu X, Wang X. Successful selective reduction of a heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy in the second trimester: a case report and review of the literature. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16:380. [PMID: 27894281 PMCID: PMC5126867 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-1171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy is a cesarean scar pregnancy combined with an intrauterine pregnancy that predisposes a woman to life-threatening complications such as uterine rupture and massive bleeding. Preservation of the intrauterine pregnancy in heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy is a great challenge. Case presentation We report a case of a 33-year-old woman with heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy after IVF-embryo transfer (ET). Expectant management was carried out with early diagnosis of heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy (HCSP), and selective fetal reduction of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) was performed by ultrasound-guided intrathoracic injection of potassium chloride (KCl) at 16 + 4 weeks of gestation due to aggravation of CSP. Preservation of the intrauterine pregnancy was successful and a healthy baby was delivered by cesarean section at 37 + 6 weeks of gestation. Conclusions Heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy is an extremely rare form of heterotopic pregnancy. Patients should be appropriately counseled regarding the different treatment options available. An ultrasound-guided injection of potassium chloride may constitute a safe, minimally invasive and reliable way to terminate the heterotopic gestation and preserve the intrauterine pregnancy. Intensive management should be performed during the ongoing pregnancy and cesarean section. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12884-016-1171-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, No.20, 3rd section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, No.20, 3rd section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Fumin Zhao
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, No.20, 3rd section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, No.20, 3rd section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, No.20, 3rd section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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7
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Zu CZ, Kuroki M, Hirako A, Takeuchi T, Furukawa S, Sugiyama A. Effect of methotrexate exposure at middle gestation on the inner plate of the ocular cup and lens in the rat fetus. J Toxicol Pathol 2016; 29:173-80. [PMID: 27559242 PMCID: PMC4958615 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2016-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant rats were treated intraperitoneally with a single dose of methotrexate (MTX) 90 mg/kg on gestation day (GD) 13, and fetal eyeballs were examined time-dependently from GD 13.5 to 15.5. Throughout the experimental period, the inner plate of the ocular cup in the MTX group was significantly thinner than that in the control group. In the inner plate of the ocular cup on GD 15 and 15.5, whereas a developed ganglion cell layer was observed in the control group, the ganglion cell layer in the MTX group was undeveloped and indistinguishable. Disturbance of the arrangement of lens fiber cells, narrowing of the hyaloid cavity of the optic cup, and hypoplasia of optic nerve fibers were observed in the MTX group on GD 15 and 15.5. Increase of pyknosis and decrease of mitosis were induced in the optic cup and the lens epithelium of the MTX group. In the inner plate of the optic cup and the lens epithelium of the MTX group, the cleaved caspase-3- and TUNEL-positive rates increased significantly throughout the experimental period. The phospho-histone H3-positive rate in the inner plate of the optic cup decreased significantly from GD 13.5 to 14.5, and it recovered on GD 15. On the other hand, the phospho-histone H3-positive rate in the lens epithelium decreased significantly throughout the experimental period. These results suggested that optic tissue on GD 13 in rats was sensitive to MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhe Zu
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Masato Kuroki
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Ayano Hirako
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeuchi
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Satoshi Furukawa
- Toxicology and Environmental Science Department, Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., 1470 Shiraoka, Shiraoka-shi, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sugiyama
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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8
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Lagarce L, Zenut M, Lainé-Cessac P. Pharmacologie du méthotrexate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 44:203-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Yiu ZZN, Warren RB, Mrowietz U, Griffiths CEM. Safety of conventional systemic therapies for psoriasis on reproductive potential and outcomes. J DERMATOL TREAT 2015; 26:329-34. [PMID: 25424052 DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2014.991673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of conventional systemic therapies for psoriasis on pregnancy outcomes, lactation, male fertility and mutagenicity are common concerns in the clinical setting. There is relatively little evidence to guide clinician and patient. In this study, we review the safety profile of the commonly used conventional systemic therapies used for psoriasis in individuals of reproductive potential. Safety data are derived from large-scale registries, adverse-event reporting databases, clinical trials and case reports. We assess the effect of each therapy on adverse pregnancy outcomes, including congenital malformations, and lactation with maternal administration. We also assess the effect of the therapies on male fertility and potential mutagenicity with paternal administration. We provide applicable guidance to inform clinician and patient before and after conception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenas Z N Yiu
- The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Manchester , UK and
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10
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Weber-Schoendorfer C, Chambers C, Wacker E, Beghin D, Bernard N, Shechtman S, Johnson D, Cuppers-Maarschalkerweerd B, Pistelli A, Clementi M, Winterfeld U, Eleftheriou G, Pupco A, Kao K, Malm H, Elefant E, Koren G, Vial T, Ornoy A, Meister R, Schaefer C. Pregnancy Outcome After Methotrexate Treatment for Rheumatic Disease Prior to or During Early Pregnancy: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1101-10. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Weber-Schoendorfer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Pharmakovigilanz und Beratungszentrum Embryonaltoxikologie; Berlin Germany
| | | | - Evelin Wacker
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Pharmakovigilanz und Beratungszentrum Embryonaltoxikologie; Berlin Germany
| | - Delphine Beghin
- Centre de Référence sur les Agents Tératogènes, Hôpital Universitaires Paris Est, AP-HP; Paris France
| | - Nathalie Bernard
- Hospices Civils de Lyon and Centre Régional de Pharmacovigilance; Lyon France
| | - Svetlana Shechtman
- Israel Ministry of Health and Israeli Teratology Information Service; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Diana Johnson
- University of California at San Diego; La Jolla California
| | | | - Alessandra Pistelli
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi and Centro di Riferimento Regionale di Tossicologia Perinatale; Florence Italy
| | - Maurizio Clementi
- University of Padua and Servizio di Informazione Teratologica; Padua Italy
| | - Ursula Winterfeld
- University Hospital, Lausanne and Swiss Teratogen Information Service; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Georgios Eleftheriou
- Ospedali Riuniti and Poison Control Center and Teratology Information Service; Bergamo Italy
| | - Anna Pupco
- Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Kelly Kao
- University of California at San Diego; La Jolla California
| | - Heli Malm
- HUSLAB and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Teratology Information; Helsinki Finland
| | - Elisabeth Elefant
- Centre de Référence sur les Agents Tératogènes, Hôpital Universitaires Paris Est, AP-HP; Paris France
| | - Gideon Koren
- Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Thierry Vial
- Hospices Civils de Lyon and Centre Régional de Pharmacovigilance; Lyon France
| | - Asher Ornoy
- Israel Ministry of Health and Israeli Teratology Information Service; Jerusalem Israel
| | | | - Christof Schaefer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Pharmakovigilanz und Beratungszentrum Embryonaltoxikologie; Berlin Germany
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Tümmler G, Rißmann A, Meister R, Schaefer C. Congenital bladder exstrophy associated with Duogynon hormonal pregnancy tests-signal for teratogenicity or consumer report bias? Reprod Toxicol 2014; 45:14-9. [PMID: 24389232 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A combination of ethinylestradiol and 10mg norethisterone under the brand names of Duogynon (Germany) or Primodos (UK) was used as a pregnancy test until the 1970s. Until very recently there was continuing public concern about the safety of these drugs and legal proceedings were instituted against the medicinal authorization holder. Given the lack of epidemiological studies focusing on Duogynon/Primodos, the present study evaluates 296 consumer reports of the German Duogynon database and compares the reported birth defects with data from a population based birth registry. The most striking result is an increase of bladder exstrophy (OR=37.27; 95%-CI 14.56-95.28). Neural tube defects (OR=2.99; 95%-CI 1.85-4.84) and renal agenesis (OR=2.53; 95%-CI 1.17-5.45) were also significantly increased. Bladder exstrophy may be a yet undetected teratogenic effect of Duogynon, but may also represent a reporting bias. The present study highlights the difficulties of evaluating consumer reports which may be influenced by public media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Tümmler
- Institute for Clinical Teratology and Drug Risk Assessment in Pregnancy, Charité - University Clinic Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Rißmann
- Malformation Monitoring Centre Saxony-Anhalt, Medical Faculty Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Meister
- Department of Mathematics, Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin (University of Applied Sciences), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christof Schaefer
- Institute for Clinical Teratology and Drug Risk Assessment in Pregnancy, Charité - University Clinic Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:638-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Kraoua L, Capri Y, Perrin L, Benmansour A, Verloes A. Pseudoaminopterin syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:2233-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Caglayan AO, Stevens SJ, Albrechts JC, Dundar M, Engelen J. A new syndrome of microtia with unilateral renal agenesis and short stature. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:1837-40. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Hyoun SC, Običan SG, Scialli AR. Teratogen update: methotrexate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:187-207. [PMID: 22434686 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate and aminopterin are folic acid antagonists that inhibit dihydrofolate reductase, resulting in a block in the synthesis of thymidine and inhibition of DNA synthesis. Methotrexate has been used for the treatment of malignancy, rheumatic disorders, and psoriasis and termination of intrauterine pregnancy. Recently, methotrexate has become a standard treatment for ectopic pregnancy. The misdiagnosis of an intrauterine pregnancy as an ectopic pregnancy can result in exposure of a continuing pregnancy to dose levels of methotrexate of 50 mg/m(2) (maternal body surface area). Experimental animal studies have associated methotrexate therapy with embryo death in mice, rats, rabbits, and monkeys. Structural malformations have been most consistently produced in rabbits at a maternal dose level of 19.2 mg/kg. Abnormalities in rabbits include hydrocephalus, microphthalmia, cleft lip and palate, micrognathia, dysplastic sacral and caudal vertebrate, phocomelia, hemimelia, syndactyly, and ectrodactyly. Based on human case reports of methotrexate exposure during pregnancy, a methotrexate embryopathy has been described that includes growth deficiency, microcephaly, hypoplasia of skull bones, wide fontanels, coronal or lambdoidal craniosynostosis, upswept frontal scalp hair, broad nasal bridge, shallow supraorbital ridges, prominent eyes, low-set ears, maxillary hypoplasia, epicanthal folds, short limbs, talipes, hypodactyly, and syndactyly. This syndrome may be associated with exposures between 6 and 8 weeks after conception and dose levels of 10 mg/week or greater. More recent case reports of methotrexate exposure for the misdiagnosis of ectopic pregnancy involve treatment before 6 weeks after conception and have raised the suggestion of a distinct syndrome due to such early exposures. Tetralogy of Fallot and perhaps other neural crest cell-related abnormalities may be features of this early syndrome. A disproportionality analysis of methotrexate and aminopterin case reports and series provides support for pulmonary atresia, craniosynostosis, and limb deficiencies as reported more often than expected in methotrexate-exposed children. Denominator-based data will be welcome to better define elements of a methotrexate embryopathy and possibly to distinguish an early exposure syndrome from anomalies traditionally associated with methotrexate exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Hyoun
- George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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16
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The use of misoprostol in termination of second-trimester pregnancy. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 50:275-82. [PMID: 22030039 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog, is initially used to prevent peptic ulcer. The initial US Food and Drug Administration-approved indication in the product labeling is the treatment and prevention of intestinal ulcer disease resulting from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use. In recent two decades, misoprostol has approved to be an effective agent for termination of pregnancy in various gestation, cervical ripening, labor induction in term pregnancy, and possible management of postpartum hemorrhage. For the termination of second-trimester pregnancy using the combination of mifepristone and misoprostol seems to have the highest efficacy and the shortest time interval of abortion. When mifepristone is not available, misoprostol alone is a good alternative. Misoprostol, 400 μg given vaginally every 3-6 hours, is probably the optimal regimen for second-trimester abortion. More than 800 μg of misoprostol is likely to have more side effects, especially diarrhea. Although misoprostol can be used in women with scarred uterus for termination of second-trimester pregnancy, it is recommended that women with a scarred uterus should receive lower doses and do not double the dose if there is no initial response. It is also important for us to recognize the associated teratogenic effects of misoprostol and thorough consultation before prescribing this medication to patients regarding these risks, especially when failure of abortion occurs, is needed.
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Spezielle Arzneimitteltherapie in der Schwangerschaft. ARZNEIMITTEL IN SCHWANGERSCHAFT UND STILLZEIT 2012. [PMCID: PMC7271212 DOI: 10.1016/b978-3-437-21203-1.10002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nurmohamed L, Moretti ME, Schechter T, Einarson A, Johnson D, Lavigne SV, Erebara A, Koren G, Finkelstein Y. Outcome following high-dose methotrexate in pregnancies misdiagnosed as ectopic. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 205:533.e1-3. [PMID: 21907957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to report the outcomes of intrauterine pregnancies misdiagnosed as ectopic and exposed to methotrexate, a major teratogen. STUDY DESIGN We report the outcomes of all subjects who sought consultation after exposure to high-dose methotrexate to induce abortion in presumed ectopic pregnancies, which were later identified as viable intrauterine pregnancies by 3 North American Teratology Information Services between 2002 and 2010. RESULTS Eight women with normal, desired pregnancies were administered high-dose methotrexate in the first trimester because of presumed, misdiagnosed ectopic pregnancies. All pregnancies resulted in catastrophic outcomes. Two pregnancies resulted in severely malformed newborns with methotrexate embryopathy; 3 women miscarried shortly after exposure, and in 3 the erroneous diagnosis led the physicians to advise and perform surgical termination. CONCLUSION Erroneous diagnosis of intrauterine pregnancies as ectopic with subsequent first-trimester exposure to methotrexate may result in the birth of severely malformed babies or fetal demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Nurmohamed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Jones KL, Carey JC. The importance of dysmorphology in the identification of new human teratogens. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 157C:188-94. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Običan S, Scialli AR. Teratogenic exposures. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 157C:150-69. [PMID: 21766437 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A consideration of teratogenic exposures includes not only an agent (chemical, radiation, biologic) but an exposure level and timing of exposure. There are criteria by which exposures are evaluated for a causal connection with an abnormal outcome. We here review some teratogenic exposures and discuss how they were initially described and confirmed. We have limited our discussion to some of the exposures for which a connection to structural malformations has been accepted in some quarters, and we indicate some exposures for which a causal association awaits confirmation. We recommend that counselors find a reliable and updatable source of information on exposures during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Običan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences.
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Importance of timing of gestational exposure to methotrexate for its teratogenic effects when used in setting of misdiagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril 2011; 96:669-71. [PMID: 21733506 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report a case of embryopathy due to misadministration of methotrexate in the setting of suspected ectopic pregnancy that resulted in a different pattern of malformations than is typically seen with methotrexate. DESIGN Case report. SETTING Community hospital. PATIENT(S) A 30-year-old primigravida women exposed to methotrexate (50 mg/m(2)) at 5 6/7 weeks' gestation. INTERVENTION(S) The patient underwent amniocentesis because of abnormal results at the first-trimester genetic screening (low levels of pregnancy associated plasma protein A and hCG) and fetal echocardiogram because of single umbilical artery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Fetal anomalies. RESULT(S) The fetus was found to have a single umbilical artery, tetralogy of Fallot, and a "horseshoe lung," despite administration of high doses of folic acid. The pregnancy ultimately ended with fetal demise at 30 weeks. CONCLUSION(S) As medical management of ectopic pregnancy becomes more common, practitioners should be cautious about the potential teratogenic effects in unrecognized intrauterine pregnancies and be able to diagnose the myriad defects, including cardiac anomalies, that could result from such exposure.
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Kozma C, Ramasethu J. Methotrexate and misoprostol teratogenicity: Further expansion of the clinical manifestations. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:1723-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Successful management of a triplet heterotopic caesarean scar pregnancy after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:291.e1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Non-surgical management of ectopic pregnancy: appropriate risk management must be in place. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2010; 283:925-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-010-1788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Rheumatology drugs and pregnancy. Joint Bone Spine 2010; 77:506-10. [PMID: 20961792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Medication exposure during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, is a common event that causes considerable concern among patients and healthcare professionals alike. Once the pregnancy is known, the response often consists in stopping or substantially diminishing the use of medications. Some medications are teratogenic and/or fetotoxic, requiring effective birth control and prior information of women of childbearing potential. Nevertheless, limiting the use of medications out of a sense of caution is warranted only if no major adverse impact on the mother is expected throughout the 9 months of the pregnancy. Treatment decisions during pregnancy should rest on a careful reappraisal of treatment practices and on an in-depth evaluation of the risk/benefit ratio of each medication. Here, we will discuss the main rheumatology drug classes whose use during pregnancy is most likely to cause concern.
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Corona-Rivera JR, Rea-Rosas A, Santana-Ramírez A, Acosta-León J, Hernández-Rocha J, Miguel-Jiménez K. Holoprosencephaly and genitourinary anomalies in fetal methotrexate syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:1741-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cassina M, Fabris L, Okolicsanyi L, Gervasi MT, Memmo A, Tiboni GM, Di Gianantonio E, Clementi M. Therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases in pregnancy and lactation. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2009; 8:695-707. [DOI: 10.1517/14740330903357463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Fetal methotrexate/aminopterin syndrome in an adult: a likely case with ectodermal abnormalities. Clin Dysmorphol 2009; 18:53-55. [PMID: 19011571 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0b013e32831552c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to folic acid antagonists during the first trimester of pregnancy may lead to fetal death or to a recognized pattern of malformations in liveborn infants. Few reports of affected adult individuals have been observed. In this report, the clinical findings of a likely affected 45-year-old woman are described and compared with reported cases. New ectodermal abnormalities are also described.
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Immunosuppresseurs utilisés dans les maladies systémiques : que faire en cas de grossesse ? Presse Med 2008; 37:1620-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2008.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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A role for Drosophila in understanding drug-induced cytotoxicity and teratogenesis. Cytotechnology 2008; 57:1-9. [PMID: 19003167 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-008-9124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila research has been and continues to be an essential tool for many aspects of biological scientific research and has provided insight into numerous genetic, biochemical, and behavioral processes. As well, due to the remarkable conservation of gene function between Drosophila and humans, and the easy ability to manipulate these genes in a whole organism, Drosophila research has proven critical for studying human disease and the physiological response to chemical reagents. Methotrexate, a widely prescribed pharmaceutical which inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and therefore folate metabolism, is known to cause teratogenic effects in human fetuses. Recently, there has been resurgence in the use of methotrexate for inflammatory diseases and ectopic or unwanted pregnancies thus, increasing the need to fully understand the cytotoxicity of this pharmaceutical. Concerns have been raised over the ethics of studying teratogenic drugs like methotrexate in mammalian systems and thus, we have proposed a Drosophila model. We have shown that exposure of female Drosophila to methotrexate results in progeny with developmental abnormalities. We have also shown that methotrexate exposure changes the abundance of many fundamental cellular transcripts. Expression of a dihydrofolate reductase with a reduced affinity for methotrexate can not only prevent much of the abnormal transcript profile but the teratogenesis seen after drug treatment. In the future, such studies may generate useful tools for mammalian antifolate "rescue" therapies.
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Usta IM, Nassar AH, Yunis KA, Abu-Musa AA. Methotrexate embryopathy after therapy for misdiagnosed ectopic pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2007; 99:253-5. [PMID: 17889876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2007.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I M Usta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril 2007; 86:S96-102. [PMID: 17055853 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Revised: 07/28/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Spezielle Arzneimitteltherapie in der Schwangerschaft. ARZNEIVERORDNUNG IN SCHWANGERSCHAFT UND STILLZEIT 2006. [PMCID: PMC7271219 DOI: 10.1016/b978-343721332-8.50004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yedlinsky NT, Morgan FC, Whitecar PW. Anomalies Associated With Failed Methotrexate and Misoprostol Termination. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 105:1203-5. [PMID: 15863582 DOI: 10.1097/01.aog.0000154002.26761.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methotrexate and misoprostol are frequently used in combination for medical termination of pregnancy. Despite their frequent use, published information about low-dose exposures to these known teratogens is sparse and neonatal follow-up data are limited. We present neonatal outcomes in three infants from two different women who had failed medical terminations with methotrexate and misoprostol. CASES A young gravida 1, para 0, presented with intrauterine pregnancy complicated by first-trimester exposure to oral methotrexate and vaginal misoprostol. Ultrasonography determined that the fetus had intrauterine growth restriction and ventriculomegaly. The infant had growth and developmental delays. A young gravida 4, para 3-0-0-3, also presented after first trimester exposure to methotrexate and misoprostol, and was found to have a twin gestation. The infants were noted to have multiple congenital anomalies, growth restriction, and developmental delay. CONCLUSION Even single doses of methotrexate and misoprostol used in medical termination of pregnancy can be associated with multiple congenital anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole T Yedlinsky
- Department of Family Practice and Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, North Carolina 28310-5700, USA.
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Delatycki MB. A de novo, apparently balanced reciprocal translocation in a child with developmental delay whose mother was being treated with low-dose methotrexate at the time of conception. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 73:253-4. [PMID: 15751034 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methotrexate is a proven teratogen and its use periconceptually is strongly advised against. Concerns about possible chromosomal effects in the offspring of women treated with this agent have been raised, but they have not been reported. In vivo and in vitro studies have supported this possibility, however. CASE A 32-year-old primigravida was treated with low-dose methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis from prior to conception until six weeks postconception. Her child was born without congenital malformations but subsequently developed seizures and was diagnosed with developmental delay. He was found to have a de novo, apparently balanced, reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 5 and 20 (46,XY,t(5:20)(q15;p12)). Other investigations failed to reveal another cause for his developmental delay. CONCLUSIONS The possible association between maternal methotrexate exposure and a de novo chromosomal anomaly in an offspring supports the recommendation that women should be advised to cease taking this drug for at least six months prior to conception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin B Delatycki
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.
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