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Xiao-Kai F, Yue-Xi H, Yan-Jia L, Li-Rong C, He-Peng W, Qing S. Familial progressive hyper- and hypopigmentation: a report on a Chinese family and evidence for genetic heterogeneity. An Bras Dermatol 2018; 92:329-333. [PMID: 29186243 PMCID: PMC5514571 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20175567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial progressive hyper- and hypopigmentation (FPHH) is a rare genodermatosis that is characterized by diffuse hyper- and hypopigmented spots on the skin and mucous membranes. It is caused by a pathogenic mutation of the KITLG gene. OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical features and mutation of the KITLG gene in a Chinese family with FPHH. METHODS Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of lesions from the proband was performed. The KITLG gene was screened for the presence of mutations. RESULTS A Chinese family containing 14 individuals with FPHH was described, and the proband was a 5-year-old girl showing diffuse hyper- and hypopigmented lesions on her extremities and trunk. Histopathological and immunohistochemical staining for S100 and HMB45 of skin biopsy specimens from the hyperpigmented areas showed a striking increase in melanin throughout the epidermis, especially in the basal cell layer, and staining of hypopigmented area specimens displayed lower levels of melanin in the epidermis. Mutation analysis of the KITLG gene was performed, but no mutation was found. STUDY LIMITATIONS The new pathogenic gene was not found. CONCLUSION A family with FPHH was described. Analysis revealed that its members did not have any mutations of the KITLG gene, which provided evidence for genetic heterogeneity of this genodermatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xiao-Kai
- School of Medicine, Shandong University - Jinan, China
| | - He Yue-Xi
- School of Medicine, Shandong University - Jinan, China
| | - Li Yan-Jia
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of HeBei Medical University - Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chen Li-Rong
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of HeBei Medical University - Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wang He-Peng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of HeBei Medical University - Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sun Qing
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University - Jinan, Shandong Sheng, China
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Zeng L, Zheng XD, Liu LH, Fu LY, Zuo XB, Chen G, Wang PG, Yang S, Zhang XJ. Familial progressive hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation without KITLG mutation. Clin Exp Dermatol 2016; 41:927-929. [PMID: 27859606 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - X D Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - L H Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - L Y Fu
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - X B Zuo
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - G Chen
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - P G Wang
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - S Yang
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - X J Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Nyström AM, Ekvall S, Strömberg B, Holmström G, Thuresson AC, Annerén G, Bondeson ML. A severe form of Noonan syndrome and autosomal dominant café-au-lait spots - evidence for different genetic origins. Acta Paediatr 2009; 98:693-8. [PMID: 19120036 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.01170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The clinical overlap among Noonan syndrome (NS), cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC), LEOPARD and Costello syndromes as well as Neurofibromatosis type 1 is extensive, which complicates the process of diagnosis. Further genotype-phenotype correlations are required to facilitate future diagnosis of these patients. Therefore, investigations of the genetic cause of a severe phenotype in a patient with NS and the presence of multiple café-au-lait spots (CAL) spots in the patient and four members of the family were performed. METHODS Mutation analyses of candidate genes, PTPN11, NF1, SPRED1 and SPRED2, associated with these syndromes, were conducted using DNA sequencing. RESULTS A previously identified de novo mutation, PTPN11 F285L and an inherited NF1 R1809C substitution in the index patient were found. However, neither PTPN11 F285L, NF1 R1809C, SPRED1 nor SPRED2 segregated with CAL spots in the family. The results indicate that the familial CAL spots trait in this family is caused by a mutation in another gene, distinct from previous genes associated with CAL spots in these syndromes. CONCLUSION We suggest that the atypical severe symptoms in the index patient may be caused by an additive effect on the F285L mutation in PTPN11 by another mutation, for example the NF1 R1809C or alternatively, the not yet identified gene mutation associated with CAL spots in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maja Nyström
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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