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Powel JE, Sham CE, Spiliopoulos M, Ferreira CR, Rosenthal E, Sinkovskaya ES, Brown S, Jelin AC, Al-Kouatly HB. Genetics of non-isolated hemivertebra: A systematic review of fetal, neonatal, and infant cases. Clin Genet 2022; 102:262-287. [PMID: 35802600 PMCID: PMC9830455 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hemivertebra is a congenital vertebral malformation caused by unilateral failure of formation during embryogenesis that may be associated with additional abnormalities. A systematic review was conducted to investigate genetic etiologies of non-isolated hemivertebra identified in the fetal, neonatal, and infant periods using PubMed, Cochrane database, Ovid Medline, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception through May 2022 (PROSPERO ID CRD42021229576). The Human Phenotype Ontology database was accessed May 2022. Studies were deemed eligible for inclusion if they addressed non-isolated hemivertebra or genetic causes of non-isolated hemivertebra identified in the fetal, neonatal, or infant periods. Cases diagnosed clinically without molecular confirmation were included. Systematic review identified 23 cases of non-isolated hemivertebra with karyotypic abnormalities, 2 cases due to microdeletions, 59 cases attributed to single gene disorders, 18 syndromic cases without known genetic etiology, and 14 cases without a known syndromic association. The Human Phenotype Ontology search identified 49 genes associated with hemivertebra. Non-isolated hemivertebra is associated with a diverse spectrum of cytogenetic abnormalities and single gene disorders. Genetic syndromes were notably common. Frequently affected organ systems include musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, central nervous system, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and facial dysmorphisms. When non-isolated hemivertebra is identified on prenatal ultrasound, the fetus must be assessed for associated anomalies and genetic counseling is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Powel
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, & Women’s Health, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Catherine E. Sham
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michail Spiliopoulos
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carlos R. Ferreira
- Section on Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Rosenthal
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elena S. Sinkovskaya
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Shannon Brown
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Angie C. Jelin
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Huda B. Al-Kouatly
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Hao M, Li L, Zhang H, Li L, Liu R, Yu Y. The difference between karyotype analysis and chromosome microarray for mosaicism of aneuploid chromosomes in prenatal diagnosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23514. [PMID: 32864771 PMCID: PMC7755766 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare karyotype and chromosomal microarray (CMA) analysis of aneuploid chromosome mosaicism in amniocentesis samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 2091 amniocentesis samples from pregnant women were collected from March 1, 2019, to January 31, 2020. Karyotype analysis was performed using G-banding and CMA analysis used the Affymetrix CytoScan 750K SNP microarray. RESULT Thirteen cases with aneuploid chromosome mosaicism were detected and compared between the karyotype and CMA methods. Seven of these cases were trisomic mosaicism, and the levels of mosaicism calculated from CMA were higher than those detected from karyotype analysis; noting three cases of trisomy mosaicism were not detected by karyotype analysis. Four cases exhibited monomeric mosaicism, and the levels of mosaicism detected in three of these cases were higher in karyotype compared with CMA analysis; one case had equivalent levels of monomeric mosaicism from both karyotype and CMA analysis. Two other cases from karyotype analysis were a mix of monosomic and trisomic mosaicism, whereas the CMA result was restricted to monosomic mosaicism for these cases. CONCLUSION Both karyotype and CMA analysis can be used to detect aneuploid chromosome mosaicism. However, the two methods produced different results. CMA and karyotype analysis have their own advantages in detecting aneuploid mosaicism, and the combination of these methods provides a more rigorous diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- MengZhe Hao
- Center for Reproductive MedicineCenter for Prenatal DiagnosisThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - LeiLei Li
- Center for Reproductive MedicineCenter for Prenatal DiagnosisThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Han Zhang
- Center for Reproductive MedicineCenter for Prenatal DiagnosisThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - LinLin Li
- Center for Reproductive MedicineCenter for Prenatal DiagnosisThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ruizhi Liu
- Center for Reproductive MedicineCenter for Prenatal DiagnosisThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yang Yu
- Center for Reproductive MedicineCenter for Prenatal DiagnosisThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
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Zhang ZT, Qi WX, Liu CX, Yin SW, Zhao Y, Li-Ling J, Lv Y. A small supernumerary marker chromosome resulting in mosaic partial tetrasomy 4q26-q31.21 in a foetus with multiple congenital malformations. J Genet 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-019-1075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Grati FR. Implications of fetoplacental mosaicism on cell-free DNA testing: a review of a common biological phenomenon. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2016; 48:415-423. [PMID: 27240559 DOI: 10.1002/uog.15975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F R Grati
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics Unit, TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A., Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy .
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Malvestiti F, Agrati C, Grimi B, Pompilii E, Izzi C, Martinoni L, Gaetani E, Liuti MR, Trotta A, Maggi F, Simoni G, Grati FR. Interpreting mosaicism in chorionic villi: results of a monocentric series of 1001 mosaics in chorionic villi with follow-up amniocentesis. Prenat Diagn 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.4656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Malvestiti
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A.; Busto Arsizio VA Italy
| | - Cristina Agrati
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A.; Busto Arsizio VA Italy
| | - Beatrice Grimi
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A.; Busto Arsizio VA Italy
| | - Eva Pompilii
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A.; Busto Arsizio VA Italy
- GYNEPRO; V.le Carducci, 2/3 Bologna Italy
| | - Claudia Izzi
- UO Diagnosi Prenatale; Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili; Brescia Italy
| | - Lorenza Martinoni
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A.; Busto Arsizio VA Italy
| | - Elisa Gaetani
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A.; Busto Arsizio VA Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Liuti
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A.; Busto Arsizio VA Italy
| | - Anna Trotta
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A.; Busto Arsizio VA Italy
| | - Federico Maggi
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A.; Busto Arsizio VA Italy
| | - Giuseppe Simoni
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A.; Busto Arsizio VA Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Grati
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A.; Busto Arsizio VA Italy
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Wallerstein R, Misra S, Dugar RB, Alem M, Mazzoni R, Garabedian MJ. Current knowledge of prenatal diagnosis of mosaic autosomal trisomy in amniocytes: karyotype/phenotype correlations. Prenat Diagn 2015; 35:841-7. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.4620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wallerstein
- Departments of Pediatrics; Santa Clara Valley Medical Center; San Jose CA USA
| | - Sonya Misra
- Departments of Pediatrics; Santa Clara Valley Medical Center; San Jose CA USA
| | - R. Bryce Dugar
- Departments of Pediatrics; Santa Clara Valley Medical Center; San Jose CA USA
| | - Monika Alem
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; Santa Clara Valley Medical Center; San Jose CA USA
| | - Ronit Mazzoni
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; Santa Clara Valley Medical Center; San Jose CA USA
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Chromosomal Mosaicism in Human Feto-Placental Development: Implications for Prenatal Diagnosis. J Clin Med 2014; 3:809-37. [PMID: 26237479 PMCID: PMC4449651 DOI: 10.3390/jcm3030809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal mosaicism is one of the primary interpretative issues in prenatal diagnosis. In this review, the mechanisms underlying feto-placental chromosomal mosaicism are presented. Based on the substantial retrospective diagnostic experience with chorionic villi samples (CVS) of a prenatal diagnosis laboratory the following items are discussed: (i) The frequency of the different types of mosaicism (confined placental, CPM, and true fetal mosaicisms, TFM); (ii) The risk of fetal confirmation after the detection of a mosaic in CVS stratified by chromosome abnormality and placental tissue involvement; (iii) The frequency of uniparental disomy for imprinted chromosomes associated with CPM; (iv) The incidence of false-positive and false-negative results in CVS samples analyzed by only (semi-)direct preparation or long term culture; and (v) The implications of the presence of a feto-placental mosaicism for microarray analysis of CVS and non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS).
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Current awareness in prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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