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Meza-Espinoza JP, González-García JR, Nieto-Marín N, Patrón-Baro LI, González-Arreola RM, Arámbula-Meraz E, Benítez-Pascual J, De la Herrán-Arita AK, Norzagaray-Valenzuela CD, Valdez-Flores MA, Carrillo-Cázares TA, Picos-Cárdenas VJ. Chromosomal instability in a patient with ring chromosome 14 syndrome: a case report. Mol Cytogenet 2024; 17:17. [PMID: 39020403 PMCID: PMC11256661 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-024-00686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ring chromosome 14 syndrome is a rare disorder primarily marked by early-onset epilepsy, microcephaly, distinctive craniofacial features, hypotonia, intellectual disability, and delay in both development and language acquisition. CASE PRESENTATION A 21-year-old woman with a history of epileptic seizures since the age of 1.5 years presented with distinctive craniofacial features, including a prominent and narrow forehead, sparse and short eyebrows, palpebral ptosis, horizontal palpebral fissures, a broad nasal bridge, a prominent nasal tip, a flat philtrum, hypertelorism, midfacial hypoplasia, horizontal labial fissures, a thin upper lip, crowded teeth, an ogival palate, retrognathia, and a wide neck. Additional physical abnormalities included kyphosis, lumbar scoliosis, pectus carinatum, cubitus valgus, thenar and hypothenar hypoplasia, bilateral hallux valgus, shortening of the Achilles tendon on the left foot, and hypoplasia of the labia minora. Chromosomal analysis identified a ring 14 chromosome with breakpoints in p11 and q32.33. An aCGH study revealed a ~ 1.7 Mb deletion on chromosome 14qter, encompassing 23 genes. Genomic instability was evidenced by the presence of micronuclei and aneuploidies involving the ring and other chromosomes. CONCLUSION The clinical features of our patient closely resembled those observed in other individuals with ring chromosome 14 syndrome. The most important point was that we were able to verify an instability of the r(14) chromosome, mainly involving anaphasic lags and its exclusion from the nucleus in the form of a micronucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Ramón González-García
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Nayeli Nieto-Marín
- Maestría en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sin, México
| | - Liliana Itzel Patrón-Baro
- Maestría en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sin, México
| | | | - Eliakym Arámbula-Meraz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sin, México
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2
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Towards New Approaches to Evaluate Dynamic Mosaicism in Ring Chromosome 13 Syndrome. Case Rep Genet 2020; 2019:7250838. [PMID: 31976095 PMCID: PMC6949681 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7250838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with ring chromosome 13 may show characteristics observed in a deletion syndrome and could present a set of dismorphies along with intellectual disability, according to chromosomal segments involved in the genetic imbalance. Nevertheless, ring anomalies likewise is called "dynamic mosaicism", phenomena triggered by the inner instability concerning the ring structure, thus leading to the establishment of different cell clones with secondary aberrations. Phenotypic features, such as growth failure and other anomalies in patients with this condition have been associated with an inherent ring chromosome mitotic instability, while recent studies offer evidence on a role played by the differential loss of genes implicated in development. Here, we observed similar mosaicism rates and specific gene loss profile among three individuals with ring chromosome 13 using GTW-banding karyotype analyses along with FISH and CGH-array approaches. Karyotypes results were: patient 1-r(13)(p13q32.3), patient 2-r(13)(p11q33.3), and patient 3-r(13)(p12q31.1). Array-CGH has revealed qualitative genetic differences among patients in this study and it was elusive in precise chromosomal loss statement, ranging from 13 Mb, 6.8 Mb, and 30 Mb in size. MIR17HG and ZIC2 loss was observed in a patient with digital anomalies, severe growth failure, microcephaly and corpus callosum agenesis while hemizygotic EFNB2 gene loss was identified in two patients, one of them with microphtalmia. According to these findings, it can be concluded that specific hemizygotic loss of genes related to development, more than dynamic mosaicism, may be causative of congenital anomalies shown in patients with ring 13 chromosome.
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3
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Muriello M, Kim AY, Schatz KS, Beck N, Gunay-Aygun M, Hoover-Fong JE. Growth hormone deficiency, aortic dilation, and neurocognitive issues in Feingold syndrome 2. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:410-416. [PMID: 30672094 PMCID: PMC7038632 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report three patients with Feingold 2 syndrome with the novel features of growth hormone deficiency associated with adenohypophyseal compression, aortic dilation, phalangeal joint contractures, memory, and sleep problems in addition to the typical features of microcephaly, brachymesophalangy, toe syndactyly, short stature, and cardiac anomalies. Microdeletions of chromosome 13q that include the MIR17HG gene were found in all three. One of the patients was treated successfully with growth hormone. In addition to expanding the phenotype of Feingold 2 syndrome, we suggest management of patients with Feingold 2 syndrome include echocardiography at the time of diagnosis in all patients and consideration of evaluation for growth hormone deficiency in patients with short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Muriello
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Alexander Y. Kim
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Natalie Beck
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Greenberg Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Meral Gunay-Aygun
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Julie E. Hoover-Fong
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Greenberg Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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4
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Barra V, Fachinetti D. The dark side of centromeres: types, causes and consequences of structural abnormalities implicating centromeric DNA. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4340. [PMID: 30337534 PMCID: PMC6194107 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06545-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Centromeres are the chromosomal domains required to ensure faithful transmission of the genome during cell division. They have a central role in preventing aneuploidy, by orchestrating the assembly of several components required for chromosome separation. However, centromeres also adopt a complex structure that makes them susceptible to being sites of chromosome rearrangements. Therefore, preservation of centromere integrity is a difficult, but important task for the cell. In this review, we discuss how centromeres could potentially be a source of genome instability and how centromere aberrations and rearrangements are linked with human diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Barra
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - D Fachinetti
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.
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5
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Cheung LYM, Okano H, Camper SA. Sox21 deletion in mice causes postnatal growth deficiency without physiological disruption of hypothalamic-pituitary endocrine axes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:213-223. [PMID: 27616671 PMCID: PMC5123967 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary axes are the coordinating centers for multiple endocrine gland functions and physiological processes. Defects in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland can cause reduced growth and severe short stature, affecting approximately 1 in 4000 children, and a large percentage of cases of pituitary hormone deficiencies do not have an identified genetic cause. SOX21 is a protein that regulates hair, neural, and trophoblast stem cell differentiation. Mice lacking Sox21 have reduced growth, but the etiology of this growth defect has not been described. We studied the expression of Sox21 in hypothalamic-pituitary development and examined multiple endocrine axes in these mice. We find no evidence of reduced intrauterine growth, food intake, or physical activity, but there is evidence for increased energy expenditure in mutants. In addition, despite changes in pituitary hormone expression, hypothalamic-pituitary axes appear to be functional. Therefore, SOX21 variants may be a cause of non-endocrine short stature in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Y M Cheung
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sally A Camper
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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6
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Quinonez SC, Gelehrter TD, Uhlmann WR. A Marfan syndrome-like phenotype caused by a neocentromeric supernumerary ring chromosome 15. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 173:268-273. [PMID: 27739187 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) are abnormal chromosomes that cannot be characterized by standard banding cytogenetic techniques. A minority of sSMC contain a neocentromere, which is an ectopic centromere lacking the characteristic alpha-satellite DNA. The phenotypic manifestations of sSMC and neocentromeric sSMC are variable and range from severe intellectual disability and multiple congenital anomalies to a normal phenotype. Here we report a patient with a diagnosis of Marfan syndrome and infertility found to have an abnormal karyotype consisting of a chromosome 15 deletion and a ring-type sSMC likely stabilized by a neocentromere derived via a mechanism initially described by Barbara McClintock in 1938. Analysis of the sSMC identified that it contained the deleted chromosome 15 material and also one copy of FBN1, the gene responsible for Marfan syndrome. We propose that the patient's diagnosis arose from disruption of the FBN1 allele on the sSMC. To date, a total of 29 patients have been reported with an sSMC derived from a chromosomal deletion. We review these cases with a specific focus on the resultant phenotypes and note significant difference between this class of sSMC and other types of sSMC. Through this review we also identified a patient with a clinical diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 who lacked a family history of the condition but was found to have a chromosome 17-derived sSMC that likely contained NF1 and caused the patient's disorder. We also review the genetic counseling implications and recommendations for a patient or family harboring an sSMC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane C Quinonez
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Thomas D Gelehrter
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wendy R Uhlmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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7
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Abstract
Dendritic arbors are complex neuronal structures that receive and process synaptic inputs. One mechanism regulating dendrite differentiation is Semaphorin/Plexin signaling, specifically through binding of soluble Sema3A to Neuropilin/PlexinA coreceptors. Here we show that the protein Farp1 [FERM, RhoGEF (ARHGEF), and pleckstrin domain protein 1], a Rac1 activator previously identified as a synaptogenic signaling protein, contributes to establishing dendrite tip number and total dendritic branch length in maturing rat neurons and is sufficient to promote dendrite complexity. Aiming to define its upstream partners, our results support that Farp1 interacts with the Neuropilin-1/PlexinA1 complex and colocalizes with PlexinA1 along dendritic shafts. Functionally, Farp1 is required by Sema3A to promote dendritic arborization of hippocampal neurons, and Sema3A regulates dendritic F-actin distribution via Farp1. Unexpectedly, Sema3A also requires neuronal activity to promote dendritic complexity, presumably because silencing neurons leads to a proteasome-dependent reduction of PlexinA1 in dendrites. These results provide new insights into how activity and soluble cues cooperate to refine dendritic morphology through intracellular signaling pathways.
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8
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Kannu P, Campos-Xavier AB, Hull D, Martinet D, Ballhausen D, Bonafé L. Post-axial polydactyly type A2, overgrowth and autistic traits associated with a chromosome 13q31.3 microduplication encompassing miR-17-92 and GPC5. Eur J Med Genet 2013; 56:452-7. [PMID: 23792790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Genomic rearrangements at chromosome 13q31.3q32.1 have been associated with digital anomalies, dysmorphic features, and variable degree of mental disability. Microdeletions leading to haploinsufficiency of miR17∼92, a cluster of micro RNA genes closely linked to GPC5 in both mouse and human genomes, has recently been associated with digital anomalies in the Feingold like syndrome. Here, we report on a boy with familial dominant post-axial polydactyly (PAP) type A, overgrowth, significant facial dysmorphisms and autistic traits who carries the smallest germline microduplication known so far in that region. The microduplication encompasses the whole miR17∼92 cluster and the first 5 exons of GPC5. This report supports the newly recognized role of miR17∼92 gene dosage in digital developmental anomalies, and suggests a possible role of GPC5 in growth regulation and in cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kannu
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
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9
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Tassano E, Di Rocco M, Signa S, Gimelli G. De novo 13q31.1-q32.1 interstitial deletion encompassing the miR-17-92 cluster in a patient with Feingold syndrome-2. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:894-6. [PMID: 23495052 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Tassano
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
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10
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Cheadle L, Biederer T. The novel synaptogenic protein Farp1 links postsynaptic cytoskeletal dynamics and transsynaptic organization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 199:985-1001. [PMID: 23209303 PMCID: PMC3518221 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201205041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic adhesion organizes synapses, yet the signaling pathways that drive and integrate synapse development remain incompletely understood. We screened for regulators of these processes by proteomically analyzing synaptic membranes lacking the synaptogenic adhesion molecule SynCAM 1. This identified FERM, Rho/ArhGEF, and Pleckstrin domain protein 1 (Farp1) as strongly reduced in SynCAM 1 knockout mice. Farp1 regulates dendritic filopodial dynamics in immature neurons, indicating roles in synapse formation. Later in development, Farp1 is postsynaptic and its 4.1 protein/ezrin/radixin/moesin (FERM) domain binds SynCAM 1, assembling a synaptic complex. Farp1 increases synapse number and modulates spine morphology, and SynCAM 1 requires Farp1 for promoting spines. In turn, SynCAM 1 loss reduces the ability of Farp1 to elevate spine density. Mechanistically, Farp1 activates the GTPase Rac1 in spines downstream of SynCAM 1 clustering, and promotes F-actin assembly. Farp1 furthermore triggers a retrograde signal regulating active zone composition via SynCAM 1. These results reveal a postsynaptic signaling pathway that engages transsynaptic interactions to coordinate synapse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Cheadle
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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11
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Hemmat M, Wang BT, Warburton PE, Yang X, Boyar FZ, El Naggar M, Anguiano A. Neocentric X-chromosome in a girl with Turner-like syndrome. Mol Cytogenet 2012; 5:29. [PMID: 22682421 PMCID: PMC3477003 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-5-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neocentromeres are rare human chromosomal aberrations in which a new centromere has formed in a previously non-centromeric location. We report the finding of a structurally abnormal X chromosome with a neocentromere in a 15-year-old girl with clinical features suggestive of Turner syndrome, including short stature and primary amenorrhea. RESULT G-banded chromosome analysis revealed a mosaic female karyotype involving two abnormal cell lines. One cell line (84% of analyzed metaphases) had a structurally abnormal X chromosome (duplication of the long arm and deletion of the short arm) and a normal X chromosome. The other cell line (16% of cells) exhibited monosomy X. C-banding studies were negative for the abnormal X chromosome. FISH analysis revealed lack of hybridization of the abnormal X chromosome with both the X centromere-specific probe and the "all human centromeres" probe, a pattern consistent with lack of the X chromosome endogenous centromere. A FISH study using an XIST gene probe revealed the presence of two XIST genes, one on each long arm of the iso(Xq), required for inactivation of the abnormal X chromosome. R-banding also demonstrated inactivation of the abnormal X chromosome. An assay for centromeric protein C (CENP-C) was positive on both the normal and the abnormal X chromosomes. The position of CENP-C in the abnormal X chromosome defined a neocentromere, which explains its mitotic stability. The karyotype is thus designated as 46,X,neo(X)(qter- > q12::q12- > q21.2- > neo- > q21.2- > qter)[42]/45,X[8], which is consistent with stigmata of Turner syndrome. The mother of this patient has a normal karyotype; however, the father was not available for study. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first case of mosaic Turner syndrome involving an analphoid iso(Xq) chromosome with a proven neocentromere among 90 previously described cases with a proven neocentromere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Hemmat
- Cytogenetics Dept, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | - Boris T Wang
- Cytogenetics Dept, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | - Peter E Warburton
- Deparment of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Cytogenetics Dept, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | - Fatih Z Boyar
- Cytogenetics Dept, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | - Mohammed El Naggar
- Cytogenetics Dept, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | - Arturo Anguiano
- Cytogenetics Dept, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA.,Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, 33608 Ortega Highway, San Juan Capistrano, CA, 92690, USA
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12
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Haddad V, Aboura A, Tosca L, Guediche N, Mas AE, L'Herminé AC, Druart L, Picone O, Brisset S, Tachdjian G. Tetrasomy 13q31.1qter due to an inverted duplicated neocentric marker chromosome in a fetus with multiple malformations. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:894-900. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Patsalis PC. Response to Dr. H. Rivera regarding article “21 Mb deletion in chromosome band 13q22.2-q32.1 associated with mild/moderate psychomotor retardation, growth hormone insufficiency, short neck, micrognathia, hypotonia, dysplastic ears and other dysmorphic features”. Eur J Med Genet 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Rivera H. Letter regarding the article: "21 Mb deletion in chromosome band 13q22.2-q32.1 associated with mild/moderate psychomotor retardation, growth hormone insufficiency, short neck, micrognathia, hypotonia, dysplastic ears and other dysmorphic features" by Grigori et al. Eur J Med Genet 2011; 54:e468; author reply e469. [PMID: 21540132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Kirchhoff M, Bisgaard AM, Stoeva R, Dimitrov B, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Fryns JP, Rose H, Grozdanova L, Ivanov I, Keymolen K, Fagerberg C, Tranebjaerg L, Skovby F, Stefanova M. Phenotype and 244k array-CGH characterization of chromosome 13q deletions: an update of the phenotypic map of 13q21.1-qter. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:894-905. [PMID: 19363806 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Partial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 13 lead to variable phenotypes dependant on the size and position of the deleted region. In order to update the phenotypic map of chromosome 13q21.1-qter deletions, we applied 244k Agilent oligonucleotide-based array-CGH to determine the exact breakpoints in 14 patients with partial deletions of this region. Subsequently, we linked the genotype to the patient's phenotype. Using this approach, we were able to refine the smallest deletion region linked to short stature (13q31.3: 89.5-91.6 Mb), microcephaly (13q33.3-q34), cortical development malformations (13q33.1-qter), Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) (13q32.2-q33.1), corpus callosum agenesis (CCA) (13q32.3-q33.1), meningocele/encephalocele (13q31.3-qter), DWM, CCA, and neural tube defects (NTDs) taken together (13q32.3-q33.1), ano-/microphthalmia (13q31.3-13qter), cleft lip/palate (13q31.3-13q33.1), lung hypoplasia (13q31.3-13q33.1), and thumb a-/hypoplasia (13q31.3-q33.1 and 13q33.3-q34). Based on observations of this study and previous reports we suggest a new entity, "distal limb anomalies association," linked to 13q31.3q33.1 segment. Most of the individuals with deletion of any part of 13q21qter showed surprisingly similar facial dysmorphic features, and thus, a "13q deletion facial appearance" was suggested. Prominent nasal columella was mapped between 13q31.3 and 13q33.3, and micrognathia between 13q21.33 and 13q31.1. The degree of mental delay did not display a particular phenotype-genotype correlation on chromosome 13. In contrast to previous reports of carriers of 13q32 band deletions as the most seriously affected patients, we present two such individuals with long-term survival, 28 and 2.5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kirchhoff
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Marshall OJ, Chueh AC, Wong LH, Choo KA. Neocentromeres: new insights into centromere structure, disease development, and karyotype evolution. Am J Hum Genet 2008; 82:261-82. [PMID: 18252209 PMCID: PMC2427194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first human neocentromere in 1993, these spontaneous, ectopic centromeres have been shown to be an astonishing example of epigenetic change within the genome. Recent research has focused on the role of neocentromeres in evolution and speciation, as well as in disease development and the understanding of the organization and epigenetic maintenance of the centromere. Here, we review recent progress in these areas of research and the significant insights gained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen J. Marshall
- Chromosome and Chromatin Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anderly C. Chueh
- Chromosome and Chromatin Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lee H. Wong
- Chromosome and Chromatin Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - K.H. Andy Choo
- Chromosome and Chromatin Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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17
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Qin N, Bartley J, Wang JC, Warburton P. A neocentromere derived from a supernumerary marker deleted from the long arm of chromosome 6. Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 119:154-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000109633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Ballarati L, Rossi E, Bonati MT, Gimelli S, Maraschio P, Finelli P, Giglio S, Lapi E, Bedeschi MF, Guerneri S, Arrigo G, Patricelli MG, Mattina T, Guzzardi O, Pecile V, Police A, Scarano G, Larizza L, Zuffardi O, Giardino D. 13q Deletion and central nervous system anomalies: further insights from karyotype-phenotype analyses of 14 patients. J Med Genet 2007; 44:e60. [PMID: 17209130 PMCID: PMC2597907 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2006.043059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome 13q deletion is associated with varying phenotypes, which seem to depend on the location of the deleted segment. Although various attempts have been made to link the 13q deletion intervals to distinct phenotypes, there is still no acknowledged consensus correlation between the monosomy of distinct 13q regions and specific clinical features. METHODS 14 Italian patients carrying partial de novo 13q deletions were studied. Molecular-cytogenetic characterisation was carried out by means of array-comparative genomic hybridisation (array-CGH) or fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH). RESULTS Our 14 patients showed mental retardation ranging from profound-severe to moderate-mild: eight had central nervous system (CNS) anomalies, including neural tube defects (NTDs), six had eye abnormalities, nine had facial dysmorphisms and 10 had hand or feet anomalies. The size of the deleted regions varied from 4.2 to 75.7 Mb. CONCLUSION This study is the first systematic molecular characterisation of de novo 13q deletions, and offers a karyotype-phenotype correlation based on detailed clinical studies and molecular determinations of the deleted regions. Analyses confirm that patients lacking the 13q32 band are the most seriously affected, and critical intervals have been preliminarily assigned for CNS malformations. Dose-sensitive genes proximal to q33.2 may be involved in NTDs. The minimal deletion interval associated with the Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) was narrowed to the 13q32.2-33.2 region, in which the ZIC2 and ZIC5 genes proposed as underlying various CNS malformations are mapped.
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Tonnies H, Gerlach A, Heineking B, Starke H, Neitzel H, Neumann LM. Molecular cytogenetic identification and characterization of a de novo supernumerary neocentromeric derivative chromosome 13. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 114:325-9. [PMID: 16954674 DOI: 10.1159/000094221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Accepted: 01/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a young girl with microphthalmia, conductive deafness, aortic isthmus stenosis, laryngomalacia, and laryngeal stenosis carrying a de novo supernumerary neocentromeric derivative chromosome 13. For the precise identification and characterization of the eu- and heterochromatic content of the marker chromosome, straightforward molecular cytogenetic analyses were performed, such as chromosome microdissection, FISH with different probes (e.g. wcp, alphoid centromeric probes, BAC), centromere-specific multicolor FISH (cenM-FISH), and multicolor banding (MCB). The analyses demonstrated that the marker consisted of an inverted duplication (partial tetrasomy) of the distal portion of chromosome 13 that was separated from the endogenous chromosome 13 centromere. Using an all-centromere probe and multicolor cenM-FISH, no alpha-satellite DNA hybridization signal was detectable on any portion of the derivative chromosome. The presence of a functional and active neocentromere on the derivative chromosome 13 was confirmed by positive immunofluorescence signals with CENP-C antibodies. BAC-FISH confirmed the cytogenetic localization of the neocentromere in band 13q31.3. Thus the patient had a mosaic conventional karyotype mos 47,XX,+inv dup(13)(qter-->q21.3::q21.3-->q31.3-->neo-->q31.3-->qter)[6]/46,XX [49].
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tonnies
- Institute of Human Genetics, Charité, Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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