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Suazo J, Salamanca C, González-Hormazábal P, Cáceres-Rojas G, Pantoja R, Leiva N, Pardo R. PEMT variants are associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Chile. Epigenomics 2022; 14:987-993. [PMID: 36154674 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the association between PEMT variants and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Chile and the effects of these variants on global DNA methylation. Subjects & methods: The authors obtained genotypes for nine variants from 247 cases and 453 controls for genotype-phenotype associations. The effect of significant polymorphisms on global DNA methylation (percentage of long interspersed element-1 methylation) was evaluated in a subsample of 95 controls. Results: After multiple comparison corrections, variants rs7649 and rs4646409 were associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Carriers of risk alleles presented lower DNA methylation levels than noncarriers. Conclusion: According to functional analysis for risk variants from previous reports, the authors infer that a decrease of methyl group availability is occurring in affected subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Suazo
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Salamanca
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Research Center in Dental Sciences (CICO), Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán, Chile
| | - Patricio González-Hormazábal
- Human Genetics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Cáceres-Rojas
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Pantoja
- Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Clínico San Borja-Arriaran, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Noemi Leiva
- Unit of Maxillofacial Malformations, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosa Pardo
- Section of Genetics, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Unit of Neonatology, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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2
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Zhao J, Zhang H, Fan X, Yu X, Huai J. Lipid Dyshomeostasis and Inherited Cerebellar Ataxia. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3800-3828. [PMID: 35420383 PMCID: PMC9148275 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia is a form of ataxia that originates from dysfunction of the cerebellum, but may involve additional neurological tissues. Its clinical symptoms are mainly characterized by the absence of voluntary muscle coordination and loss of control of movement with varying manifestations due to differences in severity, in the site of cerebellar damage and in the involvement of extracerebellar tissues. Cerebellar ataxia may be sporadic, acquired, and hereditary. Hereditary ataxia accounts for the majority of cases. Hereditary ataxia has been tentatively divided into several subtypes by scientists in the field, and nearly all of them remain incurable. This is mainly because the detailed mechanisms of these cerebellar disorders are incompletely understood. To precisely diagnose and treat these diseases, studies on their molecular mechanisms have been conducted extensively in the past. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that some common pathogenic mechanisms exist within each subtype of inherited ataxia. However, no reports have indicated whether there is a common mechanism among the different subtypes of inherited cerebellar ataxia. In this review, we summarize the available references and databases on neurological disorders characterized by cerebellar ataxia and show that a subset of genes involved in lipid homeostasis form a new group that may cause ataxic disorders through a common mechanism. This common signaling pathway can provide a valuable reference for future diagnosis and treatment of ataxic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xueyu Fan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xue Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jisen Huai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, China.
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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Leung KY, Pai YJ, Chen Q, Santos C, Calvani E, Sudiwala S, Savery D, Ralser M, Gross SS, Copp AJ, Greene NDE. Partitioning of One-Carbon Units in Folate and Methionine Metabolism Is Essential for Neural Tube Closure. Cell Rep 2018; 21:1795-1808. [PMID: 29141214 PMCID: PMC5699646 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal folate one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) is implicated in neural tube defects (NTDs), severe malformations of the nervous system. MTHFR mediates unidirectional transfer of methyl groups from the folate cycle to the methionine cycle and, therefore, represents a key nexus in partitioning one-carbon units between FOCM functional outputs. Methionine cycle inhibitors prevent neural tube closure in mouse embryos. Similarly, the inability to use glycine as a one-carbon donor to the folate cycle causes NTDs in glycine decarboxylase (Gldc)-deficient embryos. However, analysis of Mthfr-null mouse embryos shows that neither S-adenosylmethionine abundance nor neural tube closure depend on one-carbon units derived from embryonic or maternal folate cycles. Mthfr deletion or methionine treatment prevents NTDs in Gldc-null embryos by retention of one-carbon units within the folate cycle. Overall, neural tube closure depends on the activity of both the methionine and folate cycles, but transfer of one-carbon units between the cycles is not necessary. Inhibition of methionine cycle activity prevents neural tube closure, causing NTDs Loss of embryonic and maternal MTHFR activity does not prevent neural tube closure Glycine is a 1C donor to the folate cycle via the glycine cleavage system in the embryo Ablation of glycine cleavage causes NTDs, preventable by MTHFR inactivity or methionine
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit-Yi Leung
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Yun Jin Pai
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Chloe Santos
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Enrica Calvani
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sonia Sudiwala
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Dawn Savery
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Markus Ralser
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Steven S Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Andrew J Copp
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Nicholas D E Greene
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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Mills JL, Fan R, Brody LC, Liu A, Ueland PM, Wang Y, Kirke PN, Shane B, Molloy AM. Maternal choline concentrations during pregnancy and choline-related genetic variants as risk factors for neural tube defects. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100:1069-74. [PMID: 25240073 PMCID: PMC4163794 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.079319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low maternal choline intake and blood concentration may be risk factors for having a child with a neural tube defect (NTD); however, the data are inconsistent. This is an important question to resolve because choline, if taken periconceptionally, might add to the protective effect currently being achieved by folic acid. OBJECTIVE We examined the relation between NTDs, choline status, and genetic polymorphisms reported to influence de novo choline synthesis to investigate claims that taking choline periconceptionally could reduce NTD rates. DESIGN Two study groups of pregnant women were investigated: women who had a current NTD-affected pregnancy (AP; n = 71) and unaffected controls (n = 214) and women who had an NTD in another pregnancy but not in the current pregnancy [nonaffected pregnancy (NAP); n = 98] and unaffected controls (n = 386). Blood samples to measure betaine and total choline concentrations and single nucleotide polymorphisms related to choline metabolism were collected at their first prenatal visit. RESULTS Mean (±SD) plasma total choline concentrations in the AP (2.8 ± 1.0 mmol/L) and control (2.9 ± 0.9 mmol/L) groups did not differ significantly. Betaine concentrations were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Total choline and betaine in the NAP group did not differ from controls. Cases were significantly more likely to have the G allele of phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PEMT; V175M, +5465 G>A) rs7946 (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that maternal betaine and choline concentrations are not strongly associated with NTD risk. The association between PEMT rs7946 and NTDs requires confirmation. The addition of choline to folic acid supplements may not further reduce NTD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Mills
- From the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (JLM, RF, AL, and YW), and Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (LCB), NIH, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen and Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (PMU); the Health Research Board of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (PNK); the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (BS); and the Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (AMM)
| | - Ruzong Fan
- From the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (JLM, RF, AL, and YW), and Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (LCB), NIH, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen and Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (PMU); the Health Research Board of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (PNK); the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (BS); and the Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (AMM)
| | - Lawrence C Brody
- From the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (JLM, RF, AL, and YW), and Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (LCB), NIH, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen and Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (PMU); the Health Research Board of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (PNK); the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (BS); and the Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (AMM)
| | - Aiyi Liu
- From the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (JLM, RF, AL, and YW), and Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (LCB), NIH, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen and Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (PMU); the Health Research Board of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (PNK); the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (BS); and the Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (AMM)
| | - Per M Ueland
- From the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (JLM, RF, AL, and YW), and Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (LCB), NIH, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen and Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (PMU); the Health Research Board of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (PNK); the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (BS); and the Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (AMM)
| | - Yifan Wang
- From the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (JLM, RF, AL, and YW), and Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (LCB), NIH, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen and Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (PMU); the Health Research Board of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (PNK); the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (BS); and the Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (AMM)
| | - Peadar N Kirke
- From the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (JLM, RF, AL, and YW), and Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (LCB), NIH, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen and Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (PMU); the Health Research Board of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (PNK); the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (BS); and the Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (AMM)
| | - Barry Shane
- From the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (JLM, RF, AL, and YW), and Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (LCB), NIH, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen and Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (PMU); the Health Research Board of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (PNK); the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (BS); and the Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (AMM)
| | - Anne M Molloy
- From the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (JLM, RF, AL, and YW), and Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (LCB), NIH, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen and Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (PMU); the Health Research Board of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (PNK); the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (BS); and the Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (AMM)
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Pangilinan F, Molloy AM, Mills JL, Troendle JF, Parle-McDermott A, Signore C, O'Leary VB, Chines P, Seay JM, Geiler-Samerotte K, Mitchell A, VanderMeer JE, Krebs KM, Sanchez A, Cornman-Homonoff J, Stone N, Conley M, Kirke PN, Shane B, Scott JM, Brody LC. Evaluation of common genetic variants in 82 candidate genes as risk factors for neural tube defects. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2012; 13:62. [PMID: 22856873 PMCID: PMC3458983 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-13-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common birth defects (~1 in 1000 pregnancies in the US and Europe) that have complex origins, including environmental and genetic factors. A low level of maternal folate is one well-established risk factor, with maternal periconceptional folic acid supplementation reducing the occurrence of NTD pregnancies by 50-70%. Gene variants in the folate metabolic pathway (e.g., MTHFR rs1801133 (677 C > T) and MTHFD1 rs2236225 (R653Q)) have been found to increase NTD risk. We hypothesized that variants in additional folate/B12 pathway genes contribute to NTD risk. METHODS A tagSNP approach was used to screen common variation in 82 candidate genes selected from the folate/B12 pathway and NTD mouse models. We initially genotyped polymorphisms in 320 Irish triads (NTD cases and their parents), including 301 cases and 341 Irish controls to perform case-control and family based association tests. Significantly associated polymorphisms were genotyped in a secondary set of 250 families that included 229 cases and 658 controls. The combined results for 1441 SNPs were used in a joint analysis to test for case and maternal effects. RESULTS Nearly 70 SNPs in 30 genes were found to be associated with NTDs at the p < 0.01 level. The ten strongest association signals (p-value range: 0.0003-0.0023) were found in nine genes (MFTC, CDKN2A, ADA, PEMT, CUBN, GART, DNMT3A, MTHFD1 and T (Brachyury)) and included the known NTD risk factor MTHFD1 R653Q (rs2236225). The single strongest signal was observed in a new candidate, MFTC rs17803441 (OR = 1.61 [1.23-2.08], p = 0.0003 for the minor allele). Though nominally significant, these associations did not remain significant after correction for multiple hypothesis testing. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, with respect to sample size and scope of evaluation of candidate polymorphisms, this is the largest NTD genetic association study reported to date. The scale of the study and the stringency of correction are likely to have contributed to real associations failing to survive correction. We have produced a ranked list of variants with the strongest association signals. Variants in the highest rank of associations are likely to include true associations and should be high priority candidates for further study of NTD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Pangilinan
- Molecular Pathogenesis Section, Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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