2
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Figueiredo J, Melo S, Carneiro P, Moreira AM, Fernandes MS, Ribeiro AS, Guilford P, Paredes J, Seruca R. Clinical spectrum and pleiotropic nature of CDH1 germline mutations. J Med Genet 2019; 56:199-208. [PMID: 30661051 PMCID: PMC6581119 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CDH1 encodes E-cadherin, a key protein in adherens junctions. Given that E-cadherin is involved in major cellular processes such as embryogenesis and maintenance of tissue architecture, it is no surprise that deleterious effects arise from its loss of function. E-cadherin is recognised as a tumour suppressor gene, and it is well established that CDH1 genetic alterations cause diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer—the foremost manifestations of the hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome. However, in the last decade, evidence has emerged demonstrating that CDH1 mutations can be associated with lobular breast cancer and/or several congenital abnormalities, without any personal or family history of diffuse gastric cancer. To date, no genotype–phenotype correlations have been observed. Remarkably, there are reports of mutations affecting the same nucleotide but inducing distinct clinical outcomes. In this review, we bring together a comprehensive analysis of CDH1-associated disorders and germline alterations found in each trait, providing important insights into the biological mechanisms underlying E-cadherin’s pleiotropic effects. Ultimately, this knowledge will impact genetic counselling and will be relevant to the assessment of risk of cancer development or congenital malformations in CDH1 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Figueiredo
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Epithelial Interactions in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Soraia Melo
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Epithelial Interactions in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Carneiro
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Epithelial Interactions in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Moreira
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Epithelial Interactions in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Sofia Fernandes
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Epithelial Interactions in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Systems and Robotics (ISR/IST), LARSyS, Bioengineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Ribeiro
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Epithelial Interactions in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Parry Guilford
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Joana Paredes
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Epithelial Interactions in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Epithelial Interactions in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
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3
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Kievit A, Tessadori F, Douben H, Jordens I, Maurice M, Hoogeboom J, Hennekam R, Nampoothiri S, Kayserili H, Castori M, Whiteford M, Motter C, Melver C, Cunningham M, Hing A, Kokitsu-Nakata NM, Vendramini-Pittoli S, Richieri-Costa A, Baas AF, Breugem CC, Duran K, Massink M, Derksen PWB, van IJcken WFJ, van Unen L, Santos-Simarro F, Lapunzina P, Gil-da Silva Lopes VL, Lustosa-Mendes E, Krall M, Slavotinek A, Martinez-Glez V, Bakkers J, van Gassen KLI, de Klein A, van den Boogaard MJH, van Haaften G. Variants in members of the cadherin-catenin complex, CDH1 and CTNND1, cause blepharocheilodontic syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:210-219. [PMID: 29348693 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-017-0010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Blepharocheilodontic syndrome (BCDS) consists of lagophthalmia, ectropion of the lower eyelids, distichiasis, euryblepharon, cleft lip/palate and dental anomalies and has autosomal dominant inheritance with variable expression. We identified heterozygous variants in two genes of the cadherin-catenin complex, CDH1, encoding E-cadherin, and CTNND1, encoding p120 catenin delta1 in 15 of 17 BCDS index patients, as was recently described in a different publication. CDH1 plays an essential role in epithelial cell adherence; CTNND1 binds to CDH1 and controls the stability of the complex. Functional experiments in zebrafish and human cells showed that the CDH1 variants impair the cell adhesion function of the cadherin-catenin complex in a dominant-negative manner. Variants in CDH1 have been linked to familial hereditary diffuse gastric cancer and invasive lobular breast cancer; however, no cases of gastric or breast cancer have been reported in our BCDS cases. Functional experiments reported here indicated the BCDS variants comprise a distinct class of CDH1 variants. Altogether, we identified the genetic cause of BCDS enabling DNA diagnostics and counseling, in addition we describe a novel class of dominant negative CDH1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Kievit
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015CN, The Netherlands.
| | - Federico Tessadori
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands.,Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Hannie Douben
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015CN, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Jordens
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon Maurice
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Jeannette Hoogeboom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015CN, The Netherlands
| | - Raoul Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Marco Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, 71013, Italy
| | - Margo Whiteford
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Connie Motter
- Division of Medical Genetics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, 44308, USA
| | - Catherine Melver
- Division of Medical Genetics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, 44308, USA
| | - Michael Cunningham
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, University of Washington Department of Pediatrics, Jean Renny Chair of Craniofacial Medicine, Seattle Children's Craniofacial Center, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Anne Hing
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, University of Washington Department of Pediatrics, Jean Renny Chair of Craniofacial Medicine, Seattle Children's Craniofacial Center, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Nancy M Kokitsu-Nakata
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies (HRCA), University of São Paulo, Bauru, 17012-900, Brazil
| | - Siulan Vendramini-Pittoli
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies (HRCA), University of São Paulo, Bauru, 17012-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio Richieri-Costa
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies (HRCA), University of São Paulo, Bauru, 17012-900, Brazil
| | - Annette F Baas
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Corstiaan C Breugem
- Department of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584EA, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Duran
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Massink
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick W B Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | | | - Leontine van Unen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015CN, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Santos-Simarro
- INGEMM, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- INGEMM, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Vera L Gil-da Silva Lopes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Elaine Lustosa-Mendes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Max Krall
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Anne Slavotinek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Victor Martinez-Glez
- INGEMM, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CM, The Netherlands
| | - Koen L I van Gassen
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015CN, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-José H van den Boogaard
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Haaften
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands.
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6
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Wu D, Mandal S, Choi A, Anderson A, Prochazkova M, Perry H, Gil-Da-Silva-Lopes VL, Lao R, Wan E, Tang PLF, Kwok PY, Klein O, Zhuan B, Slavotinek AM. DLX4 is associated with orofacial clefting and abnormal jaw development. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4340-52. [PMID: 25954033 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are common structural birth defects in humans. We used exome sequencing to study a patient with bilateral CL/P and identified a single nucleotide deletion in the patient and her similarly affected son—c.546_546delG, predicting p.Gln183Argfs*57 in the Distal-less 4 (DLX4) gene. The sequence variant was absent from databases, predicted to be deleterious and was verified by Sanger sequencing. In mammals, there are three Dlx homeobox clusters with closely located gene pairs (Dlx1/Dlx2, Dlx3/Dlx4, Dlx5/Dlx6). In situ hybridization showed that Dlx4 was expressed in the mesenchyme of the murine palatal shelves at E12.5, prior to palate closure. Wild-type human DLX4, but not mutant DLX4_c.546delG, could activate two murine Dlx conserved regulatory elements, implying that the mutation caused haploinsufficiency. We showed that reduced DLX4 expression after short interfering RNA treatment in a human cell line resulted in significant up-regulation of DLX3, DLX5 and DLX6, with reduced expression of DLX2 and significant up-regulation of BMP4, although the increased BMP4 expression was demonstrated only in HeLa cells. We used antisense morpholino oligonucleotides to target the orthologous Danio rerio gene, dlx4b, and found reduced cranial size and abnormal cartilaginous elements. We sequenced DLX4 in 155 patients with non-syndromic CL/P and CP, but observed no sequence variants. From the published literature, Dlx1/Dlx2 double homozygous null mice and Dlx5 homozygous null mice both have clefts of the secondary palate. This first finding of a DLX4 mutation in a family with CL/P establishes DLX4 as a potential cause of human clefts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shyamali Mandal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alex Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - August Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michaela Prochazkova
- Division of Craniofacial Anomalies, Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA, Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v. v.i., Prague, Czech Republic, Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94114, USA
| | - Hazel Perry
- Division of Craniofacial Anomalies, Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Richard Lao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA and
| | - Eunice Wan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA and
| | - Paul Ling-Fung Tang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA and
| | - Pui-yan Kwok
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ophir Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA, Division of Craniofacial Anomalies, Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA, Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94114, USA
| | - Bian Zhuan
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Anne M Slavotinek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,
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