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Wachoski-Dark E, Zhao T, Khan A, Shutt TE, Greenway SC. Mitochondrial Protein Homeostasis and Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063353. [PMID: 35328774 PMCID: PMC8953902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mitochondrial disorders impact tissues with high energetic demands and can be associated with cardiac muscle disease (cardiomyopathy) and early mortality. However, the mechanistic link between mitochondrial disease and the development of cardiomyopathy is frequently unclear. In addition, there is often marked phenotypic heterogeneity between patients, even between those with the same genetic variant, which is also not well understood. Several of the mitochondrial cardiomyopathies are related to defects in the maintenance of mitochondrial protein homeostasis, or proteostasis. This essential process involves the importing, sorting, folding and degradation of preproteins into fully functional mature structures inside mitochondria. Disrupted mitochondrial proteostasis interferes with mitochondrial energetics and ATP production, which can directly impact cardiac function. An inability to maintain proteostasis can result in mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent mitophagy or even apoptosis. We review the known mitochondrial diseases that have been associated with cardiomyopathy and which arise from mutations in genes that are important for mitochondrial proteostasis. Genes discussed include DnaJ heat shock protein family member C19 (DNAJC19), mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit TIM16 (MAGMAS), translocase of the inner mitochondrial membrane 50 (TIMM50), mitochondrial intermediate peptidase (MIPEP), X-prolyl-aminopeptidase 3 (XPNPEP3), HtraA serine peptidase 2 (HTRA2), caseinolytic mitochondrial peptidase chaperone subunit B (CLPB) and heat shock 60-kD protein 1 (HSPD1). The identification and description of disorders with a shared mechanism of disease may provide further insights into the disease process and assist with the identification of potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Wachoski-Dark
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tian Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Aneal Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- M.A.G.I.C. Inc., Calgary, AB T2E 7Z4, Canada
| | - Timothy E. Shutt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Correspondence: (T.E.S.); (S.C.G.)
| | - Steven C. Greenway
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Correspondence: (T.E.S.); (S.C.G.)
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Palmer CS, Anderson AJ, Stojanovski D. Mitochondrial protein import dysfunction: mitochondrial disease, neurodegenerative disease and cancer. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1107-1131. [PMID: 33314127 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The majority of proteins localised to mitochondria are encoded by the nuclear genome, with approximately 1500 proteins imported into mammalian mitochondria. Dysfunction in this fundamental cellular process is linked to a variety of pathologies including neuropathies, cardiovascular disorders, myopathies, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, demonstrating the importance of mitochondrial protein import machinery for cellular function. Correct import of proteins into mitochondria requires the co-ordinated activity of multimeric protein translocation and sorting machineries located in both the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes, directing the imported proteins to the destined mitochondrial compartment. This dynamic process maintains cellular homeostasis, and its dysregulation significantly affects cellular signalling pathways and metabolism. This review summarises current knowledge of the mammalian mitochondrial import machinery and the pathological consequences of mutation of its components. In addition, we will discuss the role of mitochondrial import in cancer, and our current understanding of the role of mitochondrial import in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexander J Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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Skeletal Phenotypes Due to Abnormalities in Mitochondrial Protein Homeostasis and Import. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218327. [PMID: 33171986 PMCID: PMC7664180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disease represents a collection of rare genetic disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. These disorders can be quite complex and heterogeneous, and it is recognized that mitochondrial disease can affect any tissue at any age. The reasons for this variability are not well understood. In this review, we develop and expand a subset of mitochondrial diseases including predominantly skeletal phenotypes. Understanding how impairment ofdiverse mitochondrial functions leads to a skeletal phenotype will help diagnose and treat patients with mitochondrial disease and provide additional insight into the growing list of human pathologies associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. The underlying disease genes encode factors involved in various aspects of mitochondrial protein homeostasis, including proteases and chaperones, mitochondrial protein import machinery, mediators of inner mitochondrial membrane lipid homeostasis, and aminoacylation of mitochondrial tRNAs required for translation. We further discuss a complex of frequently associated phenotypes (short stature, cataracts, and cardiomyopathy) potentially explained by alterations to steroidogenesis, a process regulated by mitochondria. Together, these observations provide novel insight into the consequences of impaired mitochondrial protein homeostasis.
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Mitochondrial diseases caused by dysfunctional mitochondrial protein import. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1225-1238. [PMID: 30287509 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles which perform complex and varied functions within eukaryotic cells. Maintenance of mitochondrial health and functionality is thus a key cellular priority and relies on the organelle's extensive proteome. The mitochondrial proteome is largely encoded by nuclear genes, and mitochondrial proteins must be sorted to the correct mitochondrial sub-compartment post-translationally. This essential process is carried out by multimeric and dynamic translocation and sorting machineries, which can be found in all four mitochondrial compartments. Interestingly, advances in the diagnosis of genetic disease have revealed that mutations in various components of the human import machinery can cause mitochondrial disease, a heterogenous and often severe collection of disorders associated with energy generation defects and a multisystem presentation often affecting the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Here, we review our current understanding of mitochondrial protein import systems in human cells and the molecular basis of mitochondrial diseases caused by defects in these pathways.
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Moosa S, Fano V, Obregon MG, Altmüller J, Thiele H, Nürnberg P, Nishimura G, Wollnik B. A novel homozygousPAM16mutation in a patient with a milder phenotype and longer survival. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2436-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Moosa
- Institute of Human Genetics; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Virginia Fano
- Department of Growth and Development; Garrahan Pediatrics Hospital; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | | | - Janine Altmüller
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Cologne Center for Genomics; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD); University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Pediatric Imaging; Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center; Tokyo Japan
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
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Nakouzi G, Kreidieh K, Yazbek S. A review of the diverse genetic disorders in the Lebanese population: highlighting the urgency for community genetic services. J Community Genet 2014; 6:83-105. [PMID: 25261319 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-014-0203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The review lists the genetic diseases reported in Lebanese individuals, surveys genetic programs and services, and highlights the absence of basic genetic health services at the individual and community level. The incidence of individual diseases is not determined, yet the variety of genetic diseases reported is tremendous, most of which follow autosomal recessive inheritance reflecting the social norms in the population, including high rates of consanguinity, which favor the increase in incidence of these diseases. Genetic services including all activities for the diagnosis, care, and prevention of genetic diseases at community level are extremely inadequate. Services are limited to some clinical and laboratory diagnostic services with no genetic counseling. These services are localized within the capital thus preventing their accessibility to high-risk communities. Screening programs, which are at the core of public health prevention services, are minimal and not nationally mandated. The absence of adequate genetic services is attributed to many factors undermining the importance of genetic diseases and their burden on society, the most important of which is genetic illiteracy at all levels of the population, including high-risk families, the general public, and most importantly health care providers and public health officials. Thus, a country like Lebanon, where genetic diseases are expected to be highly prevalent, is in utmost need for community genetics services. Strategies need to be developed to familiarize public health officials and medical professionals with medical genetics leading to a public health infrastructure that delivers community genetics services for the prevention and care of genetic disorders at community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghunwa Nakouzi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Mehawej C, Delahodde A, Legeai-Mallet L, Delague V, Kaci N, Desvignes JP, Kibar Z, Capo-Chichi JM, Chouery E, Munnich A, Cormier-Daire V, Mégarbané A. The impairment of MAGMAS function in human is responsible for a severe skeletal dysplasia. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004311. [PMID: 24786642 PMCID: PMC4006740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of the tightly regulated ossification process leads to a wide range of skeletal dysplasias and deciphering their molecular bases has contributed to the understanding of this complex process. Here, we report a homozygous mutation in the mitochondria-associated granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor-signaling gene (MAGMAS) in a novel and severe spondylodysplastic dysplasia. MAGMAS, also referred to as PAM16 (presequence translocase-associated motor 16), is a mitochondria-associated protein involved in preprotein translocation into the matrix. We show that MAGMAS is specifically expressed in trabecular bone and cartilage at early developmental stages and that the mutation leads to an instability of the protein. We further demonstrate that the mutation described here confers to yeast strains a temperature-sensitive phenotype, impairs the import of mitochondrial matrix pre-proteins and induces cell death. The finding of deleterious MAGMAS mutations in an early lethal skeletal dysplasia supports a key role for this mitochondrial protein in the ossification process. Skeletal dysplasias (SD) refer to a complex group of rare genetic disorders affecting the growth and development of the skeleton. The identification of the molecular basis of a considerable number of SD has greatly expanded our knowledge of the ossification process. Among SD, spondylodysplastic dysplasia is a generic term describing different conditions characterized by severe vertebral abnormalities and distinct by additional specific features. Several entities within this group are well defined. However, a few cases remain unclassified, of which a novel autosomal recessive spondylometaphyseal dysplasia recently reported by Mégarbané et al. in two Lebanese families. Here, we identified MAGMAS as a candidate gene responsible for this severe SD. MAGMAS, also referred to as PAM16, is a mitochondria-associated protein, involved in pre-proteins import into mitochondria and essential for cell growth and development. We demonstrated that MAGMAS is expressed in bone and cartilage in early developmental stages underlining its specific role in skeletogenesis. We also give strong evidence of the deleterious effect of the identified mutation on the in-vivo activity of Magmas and the viability of yeast strains. Reporting deleterious MAGMAS mutation in a SD supports a key and specific role for this mitochondrial protein in ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cybel Mehawej
- Unité de Génétique Médicale et Laboratoire International associé INSERM à l'Unité UMR_S 910, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
- Département de Génétique, Unité INSERM U781, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Fondation Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Delahodde
- University of Paris-Sud, CNRS, UMR 8621, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Orsay, France
| | - Laurence Legeai-Mallet
- Département de Génétique, Unité INSERM U781, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Fondation Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Delague
- Inserm, UMR_S 910, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, GMGF, Marseille, France
| | - Nabil Kaci
- Département de Génétique, Unité INSERM U781, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Fondation Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Desvignes
- Inserm, UMR_S 910, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, GMGF, Marseille, France
| | - Zoha Kibar
- Center of Excellence in Neuroscience of Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - José-Mario Capo-Chichi
- Center of Excellence in Neuroscience of Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Eliane Chouery
- Unité de Génétique Médicale et Laboratoire International associé INSERM à l'Unité UMR_S 910, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Département de Génétique, Unité INSERM U781, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Fondation Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Département de Génétique, Unité INSERM U781, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Fondation Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - André Mégarbané
- Unité de Génétique Médicale et Laboratoire International associé INSERM à l'Unité UMR_S 910, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail:
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Mégarbané A, Mehawej C, El Zahr A, Haddad S, Cormier-Daire V. A second family with autosomal recessive spondylometaphyseal dysplasia and early death. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:1010-4. [PMID: 24458487 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report on a consanguineous Lebanese family in which two sibs had pre- and post-natal growth retardation, developmental delay, large anterior fontanel, prominent forehead, low-set ears, depressed nasal bridge, short nose, anteverted nares, increased nasal width, prominent abdomen, and short limbs. Radiographs disclosed the presence of wormian bones, platyspondyly, decreased interpedicular distance at the lumbar vertebrae, square iliac bones, horizontal acetabula, trident acetabula, hypoplastic ischia, partial agenesis of the sacrum, ribs with cupped ends, short long bones with abnormal modeling, slight widening of the distal femoral metaphyses, and delayed epiphyseal ossification. Both sibs had a severe cardiomegaly and died at around 24 months from a heart failure. Differential diagnosis suggests that this is a second family presenting a newly described early lethal chondrodysplasia first reported by [Mégarbané et al. (2008); Am J Med Genet Part A 146A:2916-2919].
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Affiliation(s)
- André Mégarbané
- Unité de Génétique Médicale et Laboratoire Associe INSERM UMR S_910, Pôle Technologie Santé, Université Saint Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
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Homozygous deletion of a gene-free region of 4p15 in a child with multiple anomalies: could biallelic loss of conserved, non-coding elements lead to a phenotype? Eur J Med Genet 2011; 55:63-6. [PMID: 22080113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a male patient, offspring of a consanguineous marriage between first cousins, with cognitive impairment, autistic-like behavior, deafness, postaxial polydactyly, and mild dysmorphic features. aCGH revealed a 600 kb homozygous deletion of 4p15.1 (from 33.553 to 34.159 Mb in NCBI36 hg18) encoding several transcripts of unknown function. Both parents are heterozygous for the deletion and the non-affected brother is homozygous for the normal alleles. We hypothesize that this deletion is likely to contribute to the phenotype of the patient. This case underlines the contribution of aCGH in discovering potentially pathogenic CNVs in consanguineous matings.
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