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Yamamoto G, Baratela W, Almeida T, Lazar M, Afonso C, Oyamada M, Suzuki L, Oliveira L, Ramos E, Kim C, Passos-Bueno M, Bertola D. Mutations in PCYT1A cause spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cone-rod dystrophy. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 94:113-9. [PMID: 24387991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cone-rod dystrophy is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by severe short stature, progressive lower-limb bowing, flattened vertebral bodies, metaphyseal involvement, and visual impairment caused by cone-rod dystrophy. Whole-exome sequencing of four individuals affected by this disorder from two Brazilian families identified two previously unreported homozygous mutations in PCYT1A. This gene encodes the alpha isoform of the phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1 choline enzyme, which is responsible for converting phosphocholine into cytidine diphosphate-choline, a key intermediate step in the phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis pathway. A different enzymatic defect in this pathway has been previously associated with a muscular dystrophy with mitochondrial structural abnormalities that does not have cartilage and/or bone or retinal involvement. Thus, the deregulation of the phosphatidylcholine pathway may play a role in multiple genetic diseases in humans, and further studies are necessary to uncover its precise pathogenic mechanisms and the entirety of its phenotypic spectrum.
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Hoover-Fong J, Sobreira N, Jurgens J, Modaff P, Blout C, Moser A, Kim OH, Cho TJ, Cho SY, Kim SJ, Jin DK, Kitoh H, Park WY, Ling H, Hetrick KN, Doheny KF, Valle D, Pauli RM. Mutations in PCYT1A, encoding a key regulator of phosphatidylcholine metabolism, cause spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cone-rod dystrophy. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 94:105-12. [PMID: 24387990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hoover-Fong
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Greenberg Center for Skeletal Dysplasias, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Nara Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Julie Jurgens
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Peggy Modaff
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Carrie Blout
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Greenberg Center for Skeletal Dysplasias, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ann Moser
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ok-Hwa Kim
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Kyunggi 443-721, Korea
| | - Tae-Joon Cho
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Sung Yoon Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Gyeonggi-Do 471-701, Korea
| | - Sang Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Hiroshi Kitoh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Hua Ling
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kurt N Hetrick
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kimberly F Doheny
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David Valle
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Richard M Pauli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Suzuki S, Kim OH, Makita Y, Saito T, Lim GY, Cho TJ, Al-Swaid A, Alrasheed S, Sadoon E, Miyazaki O, Nishina S, Superti-Furga A, Unger S, Fujieda K, Ikegawa S, Nishimura G. Axial spondylometaphyseal dysplasia: additional reports. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:2521-8. [PMID: 21910225 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Axial spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (SMD) (OMIM 602271) is an uncommon skeletal dysplasia characterized by metaphyseal changes of truncal-juxtatruncal bones, including the proximal femora, and retinal abnormalities. The disorder has not attracted much attention since initially reported; however, it has been included in the nosology of genetic skeletal disorders [Warman et al. (2011); Am J Med Genet Part A 155A:943-968] in part because of a recent publication of two additional cases [Isidor et al. (2010); Am J Med Genet Part A 152A:1550-1554]. We report here on the clinical and radiological manifestations in seven affected individuals from five families (three sporadic cases and two familial cases). Based on our observations and Isidor's report, the clinical and radiological hallmarks of axial SMD can be defined: The main clinical findings are postnatal growth failure, rhizomelic short stature in early childhood evolving into short trunk in late childhood, and thoracic hypoplasia that may cause mild to moderate respiratory problems in the neonatal period and later susceptibility to airway infection. Impaired visual acuity comes to medical attention in early life and function rapidly deteriorates. Retinal changes are diagnosed as retinitis pigmentosa or pigmentary retinal degeneration on fundoscopic examination and cone-rod dystrophy on electroretinogram. The radiological hallmarks include short ribs with flared, cupped anterior ends, mild spondylar dysplasia, lacy iliac crests, and metaphyseal irregularities essentially confined to the proximal femora. Equally affected sibling pairs of opposite gender and parental consanguinity are strongly suggestive of autosomal recessive inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan.
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Kitoh H, Kaneko H, Kondo M, Yamamoto T, Ishiguro N, Nishimura G. Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cone-rod dystrophy. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:845-9. [PMID: 21412974 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of skeletal dysplasia and ophthalmologic abnormality is extremely rare. We report on a boy of a unique form of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia associated with cone-rod dystrophy. He presented with postnatal severe short stature, progressive lower limb deformity with rhizomelic shortening of the long bones, prominent joints with limited mobility in knees and elbows, mild thoracic scoliosis, and vision impairment due to cone dystrophy. Correction of deformity and simultaneous limb lengthening was performed in bilateral femora and tibiae without major complications. Skeletal manifestations in addition to comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations were described in this patient who had been followed from infancy to 16 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kitoh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Turell M, Morrison S, Traboulsi EI. Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cone-rod dystrophy. Ophthalmic Genet 2010; 31:12-7. [PMID: 20141353 DOI: 10.3109/13816810903397812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report on the clinical ophthalmologic and radiographic findings in spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cone-rod dystrophy. BACKGROUND The spondylometaphyseal dysplasias are a rare and heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by skeletal abnormalities of the spine and the metaphyses of long bones. In rare instances, spondylometaphyseal dysplasia can occur concomitantly with ocular abnormalities including a retinal degeneration of the cone-rod dystrophy type. METHODS Retrospective review of affected twin females with serial radiographic imaging, comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, fundus photography, and electroretinography. RESULTS The major radiographic findings involved bony abnormalities of the spine, metaphyses of the long bones and a distinctive shape to the bony pelvis. Both twins had a fine nystagmus that was present by 10 months of age. Dilated ocular fundus examination revealed similar appearing bilateral, large, excavated, well-circumscribed oval areas of chorioretinal atrophy occupying the macula between the aracades. Electroretinography showed a significant reduction in the photopic responses and slight reduction in the scotopic component of the waveforms consistent with cone-rod dystrophy. CONCLUSIONS Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cone-rod dystrophy is a rare congenital disorder of unknown inheritance pattern and pathophysiolgy. The ocular manifestations appear to stabilize in early adolescence whereas the skeletal abnormalities are progressive with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Turell
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Czarny-Ratajczak M, Chrzanowska K, Bieganski T, Sulko J, Baranska D, Kocyla-Karczmarewicz B, Kuszel L, Jakubowski L, Niedzielski K, Kozlowski K. Severe neonatal spondylometaphyseal dysplasia in two siblings. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:2166-72. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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