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Chai H, Grommisch B, DiAdamo A, Wen J, Hui P, Li P. Inverted duplication, triplication and quintuplication through sequential breakage-fusion-bridge events induced by a terminal deletion at 5p in a case of spontaneous abortion. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00965. [PMID: 31478360 PMCID: PMC6785443 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Integrated chromosome, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analyses have been effective in defining unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements. Discordant chromosome and aCGH results are rarely reported. Methods Routine cytogenomic analyses and literature review were performed in the study of a case from products of conception (POC). Results Chromosome and FISH analysis revealed a mosaic pattern consisting of a primary aberration of an inverted duplication of 5p and derived secondary and tertiary aberrations from sequential triplication and quintuplication of 5p, respectively. The aCGH analysis detected only a 1.521 Mb terminal deletion at 5p15.33 with no other pathogenic copy number variants in the genome. This mosaic karyotypic pattern likely resulted from chromosome instability induced by sequential breakage‐fusion‐bridge events during in vitro cell culture. A review of literature found heterogeneous distal deletion and inverted duplication of 5p in prenatal and pediatric cases. Conclusion This is the first case reported in POC with a unique mosaic pattern and discordant chromosome and aCGH results. Caution should be applied in reporting and interpreting these discordant results and further analysis for underlying mechanism should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Chai
- Clinical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brittany Grommisch
- Clinical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Autumn DiAdamo
- Clinical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiadi Wen
- Clinical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pei Hui
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peining Li
- Clinical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Oikonomakis V, Kosma K, Mitrakos A, Sofocleous C, Pervanidou P, Syrmou A, Pampanos A, Psoni S, Fryssira H, Kanavakis E, Kitsiou-Tzeli S, Tzetis M. Recurrent copy number variations as risk factors for autism spectrum disorders: analysis of the clinical implications. Clin Genet 2016; 89:708-18. [PMID: 26777411 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is currently considered a first-tier diagnostic assay for the investigation of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), developmental delay and intellectual disability of unknown etiology. High-resolution arrays were utilized for the identification of copy number variations (CNVs) in 195 ASD patients of Greek origin (126 males, 69 females). CMA resulted in the detection of 65 CNVs, excluding the known polymorphic copy number polymorphisms also found in the Database of Genomic Variants, for 51/195 patients (26.1%). Parental DNA testing in 20/51 patients revealed that 17 CNVs were de novo, 6 paternal and 3 of maternal origin. The majority of the 65 CNVs were deletions (66.1%), of which 5 on the X-chromosome while the duplications, of which 7 on the X-chromosome, were rarer (22/65, 33.8%). Fifty-one CNVs from a total of 65, reported for our cohort of ASD patients, were of diagnostic significance and well described in the literature while 14 CNVs (8 losses, 6 gains) were characterized as variants of unknown significance and need further investigation. Among the 51 patients, 39 carried one CNV, 10 carried two CNVs and 2 carried three CNVs. The use of CMA, its clinical validity and utility was assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Oikonomakis
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - K Kosma
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Mitrakos
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - C Sofocleous
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Diseases in Childhood, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - P Pervanidou
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Syrmou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Pampanos
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Genetics, "Alexandra" University Maternal Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - S Psoni
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - H Fryssira
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Kanavakis
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Diseases in Childhood, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - S Kitsiou-Tzeli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - M Tzetis
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Corcuera-Flores JR, Casttellanos-Cosano L, Torres-Lagares D, Serrera-Figallo MÁ, Rodríguez-Caballero Á, Machuca-Portillo G. A systematic review of the oral and craniofacial manifestations of cri du chat syndrome. Clin Anat 2015; 29:555-60. [PMID: 26457586 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cri du chat syndrome is an autosomal disorder. Because it affects few people in the population it is considered a rare disease, yet it is one of the most common autosomal chromosomal syndromes in humans. It entails pathognomonic alterations that affect the craniofacial and oral anatomy of patients. The aim of this study is to review these craniofacial and oral abnormalities in patients with Cri du chat syndrome. The PubMed Medline database was searched using two different strategies. First, we used "Dentistry" and "Cri du chat" as keywords; second, we used "Cri du chat" and "craniofacial." Seven articles in which the main orofacial and cranio-skeletal characteristics of patients with Cri du chat syndrome were described were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cri du Chat syndrome entails pathognomonic characteristics in the craniofacial area (epicanthus, short philtrum, and wide nasal bridge), the oral area (mandibular retrognathism and anterior open bite) and the cranial region (alterations at the cranial base angle and a small upper airway). However, more studies on larger samples are needed to specify the orofacial and craniofacial characteristics of patients with Cri du chat syndrome more accurately. Clin. Anat. 29:555-560, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Ramón Corcuera-Flores
- Department of Integrated Dentistry for Adults and Patients with Special Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Lizett Casttellanos-Cosano
- Department of Integrated Dentistry for Adults and Patients with Special Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Spain
| | | | - María Ángeles Serrera-Figallo
- Department of Integrated Dentistry for Adults and Patients with Special Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Ángela Rodríguez-Caballero
- Department of Integrated Dentistry for Adults and Patients with Special Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Guillermo Machuca-Portillo
- Department of Integrated Dentistry for Adults and Patients with Special Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Spain
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Krgovic D, Blatnik A, Burmas A, Zagorac A, Kokalj Vokac N. A coalescence of two syndromes in a girl with terminal deletion and inverted duplication of chromosome 5. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:21. [PMID: 24517234 PMCID: PMC3923007 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-15-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Rearrangements involving chromosome 5p often result in two syndromes, Cri-du-chat (CdC) and Trisomy 5p, caused by a deletion and duplication, respectively. The 5p15.2 has been defined as a critical region for CdC syndrome; however, genotype-phenotype studies allowed isolation of particular characteristics such as speech delay, cat-like cry and mental retardation, caused by distinct deletions of 5p. A varied clinical outcome was also observed in patients with Trisomy 5p. Duplications of 5p10-5p13.1 manifest themselves in a more severe phenotype, while trisomy of regions distal to 5p13 mainly causes mild and indistinct features. Combinations of a terminal deletion and inverted duplication of 5p are infrequent in literature. Consequences of these chromosomal rearrangements differ, depending on size of deletion and duplication in particular cases, although authors mainly describe the deletion as the cause of the observed clinical picture. Case presentation Here we present a 5-month-old Slovenian girl, with de novo terminal deletion and inverted duplication of chromosome 5p. Our patient presents features of both CdC and Trisomy 5. The most prominent features observed in our patient are a cat-like cry and severe malformations of the right ear. Conclusion The cat-like cry, characteristic of CdC syndrome, is noted in our patient despite the fact that the deletion is not fully consistent with previously defined cat-like cry critical region in this syndrome. Features like dolichocephaly, macrocephaly and ear malformations, associated with duplication of the critical region of Trisomy 5p, are also present, although this region has not been rearranged in our case. Therefore, the true meaning of the described chromosomal rearrangements is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nadja Kokalj Vokac
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Clinical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Street 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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Gu H, Jiang JH, Li JY, Zhang YN, Dong XS, Huang YY, Son XM, Lu X, Chen Z. A familial Cri-du-Chat/5p deletion syndrome resulted from rare maternal complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs) and/or possible chromosome 5p chromothripsis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76985. [PMID: 24143197 PMCID: PMC3797133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cri-du-Chat syndrome (MIM 123450) is a chromosomal syndrome characterized by the characteristic features, including cat-like cry and chromosome 5p deletions. We report a family with five individuals showing chromosomal rearrangements involving 5p, resulting from rare maternal complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs), diagnosed post- and pre-natally by comprehensive molecular and cytogenetic analyses. Two probands, including a 4½-year-old brother and his 2½-year- old sister, showed no diagnostic cat cry during infancy, but presented with developmental delay, dysmorphic and autistic features. Both patients had an interstitial deletion del(5)(p13.3p15.33) spanning ∼26.22 Mb. The phenotypically normal mother had de novo CCRs involving 11 breakpoints and three chromosomes: ins(11;5) (q23;p14.1p15.31),ins(21;5)(q21;p13.3p14.1),ins(21;5)(q21;p15.31p15.33),inv(7)(p22q32)dn. In addition to these two children, she had three first-trimester miscarriages, two terminations due to the identification of the 5p deletion and one delivery of a phenotypically normal daughter. The unaffected daughter had the maternal ins(11;5) identified prenatally and an identical maternal allele haplotype of 5p. Array CGH did not detect any copy number changes in the mother, and revealed three interstitial deletions within 5p15.33-p13.3, in the unaffected daughter, likely products of the maternal insertions ins(21;5). Chromothripsis has been recently reported as a mechanism drives germline CCRs in pediatric patients with congenital defects. We postulate that the unique CCRs in the phenotypically normal mother could resulted from chromosome 5p chromothripsis, that further resulted in the interstitial 5p deletions in the unaffected daughter. Further high resolution sequencing based analysis is needed to determine whether chromothripsis is also present as a germline structural variation in phenotypically normal individuals in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Gu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian-hui Jiang
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian-ying Li
- Child Developmental Behaviour Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ya-nan Zhang
- Department of Infertility & Sexology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xing-sheng Dong
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Boai Hospital, Zhongshan, PR China
| | - Yang-yu Huang
- Chaozhou Women and Children Hospital, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xin-ming Son
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xinyan Lu
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XYL); (ZC)
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail: (XYL); (ZC)
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Mosca AL, Callier P, Faivre L, Laurent N, Rousseau T, Marle N, Payet M, Guy H, Couvreur S, Masurel-Paulet A, Sagot P, Thauvin-Robinet C, Mugneret F. A prenatal case of inverted duplication with terminal deletion of 5p not including the cat-like cry critical region. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:2031-4. [PMID: 21739595 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A L Mosca
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, CHU le Bocage, Dijon, France
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3.7 Mb tandem microduplication in chromosome 5p13.1-p13.2 associated with developmental delay, macrocephaly, obesity, and lymphedema. Further characterization of the dup(5p13) syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2011; 54:225-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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