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Heiser H, Smith K, Duis J, Forbes E. Generalized Dystonia Due to KMT2B Mutation in a Patient with a Previous Diagnosis of Russell Silver Syndrome. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2023; 10:S51-S53. [PMID: 37636227 PMCID: PMC10448616 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Heiser
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Kaitlin Smith
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Jessica Duis
- Department of PediatricsChildren's Hospital ColoradoAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Emily Forbes
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColoradoUSA
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2
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Vimercati A, Tannorella P, Orlandini E, Calzari L, Moro M, Guzzetti S, Selicorni A, Crippa M, Larizza L, Bonati MT, Russo S. Case report: atypical Silver-Russell syndrome patient with hand dystonia: the valuable support of the consensus statement to the wide syndromic spectrum. Front Genet 2023; 14:1198821. [PMID: 37529781 PMCID: PMC10387531 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1198821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The amount of Insulin Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) controls the rate of embryonal and postnatal growth. The IGF2 and adjacent H19 are the imprinted genes of the telomeric cluster in the 11p15 chromosomal region regulated by differentially methylated regions (DMRs) or imprinting centers (ICs): H19/IGF2:IG-DMR (IC1). Dysregulation due to IC1 Loss-of-Methylation (LoM) or Gain-of-Methyaltion (GoM) causes Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) or Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) disorders associated with growth retardation or overgrowth, respectively. Specific features define each of the two syndromes, but isolated asymmetry is a common cardinal feature, which is considered sufficient for a diagnosis in the BWS spectrum. Here, we report the case of a girl with right body asymmetry, which suggested BWS spectrum. Later, BWS/SRS molecular analysis identified IC1_LoM revealing the discrepant diagnosis of SRS. A clinical re-evaluation identified a relative macrocephaly and previously unidentified growth rate at lower limits of normal at birth, feeding difficulties, and asymmetry. Interestingly, and never previously described in IC1_LoM SRS patients, since the age of 16, she has developed hand-writer's cramps, depression, and bipolar disorder. Trio-WES identified a VPS16 heterozygous variant [NM_022575.4:c.2185C>G:p.Leu729Val] inherited from her healthy mother. VPS16 is involved in the endolysosomal system, and its dysregulation is linked to autosomal dominant dystonia with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. IGF2 involvement in the lysosomal pathway led us to speculate that the neurological phenotype of the proband might be triggered by the concurrent IGF2 deficit and VPS16 alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vimercati
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Pierpaola Tannorella
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Orlandini
- Specialty School of Pediatrics, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciano Calzari
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genomics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Mirella Moro
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Guzzetti
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Milena Crippa
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bonati
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Burlo Garofalo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Russo
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
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Nou-Fontanet L, García-Navas D, Gómez-Martín H, Martorell L, Ortigoza-Escobar JD. Action Induced Myoclonus in a 11-Year-Old Boy with Silver-Russell Syndrome. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2023; 10:1013-1015. [PMID: 37332634 PMCID: PMC10272906 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Nou-Fontanet
- Pediatric Neurology Department Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Deyanira García-Navas
- Department of Pediatric Neurology Hospital Universitario San Pedro de Alcántara Cáceres Spain
| | - Hilario Gómez-Martín
- Department of Pediatric Neurology Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Castilla y Leon Spain
| | - Loreto Martorell
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine-IPER Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona Spain
- U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Barcelona Spain
| | - Juan Darío Ortigoza-Escobar
- U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Barcelona Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Pediatric Neurology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND) Barcelona Spain
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Cazurro-Gutiérrez A, Marcé-Grau A, Correa-Vela M, Salazar A, Vanegas MI, Macaya A, Bayés À, Pérez-Dueñas B. ε-Sarcoglycan: Unraveling the Myoclonus-Dystonia Gene. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3938-3952. [PMID: 33886091 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Myoclonus-dystonia (MD) is a rare childhood-onset movement disorder, with an estimated prevalence of about 2 per 1,000,.000 in Europe, characterized by myoclonic jerks in combination with focal or segmental dystonia. Pathogenic variants in the gene encoding ε-sarcoglycan (SGCE), a maternally imprinted gene, are the most frequent genetic cause of MD. To date, the exact role of ε-sarcoglycan and the pathogenic mechanisms that lead to MD are still unknown. However, there are more than 40 reported isoforms of human ε-sarcoglycan, pointing to a complex biology of this protein. Additionally, some of these are brain-specific isoforms, which may suggest an important role within the central nervous system. In the present review, we aim to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of ε-sarcoglycan. We will focus on the genetic landscape of SGCE and the presence and plausible role of ε-sarcoglycan in the brain. Finally, we discuss the importance of the brain-specific isoforms and hypothesize that SGCE may play essential roles in normal synaptic functioning and their alteration will be strongly related to MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cazurro-Gutiérrez
- Paediatric Neurology Research Group, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebrón Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Marcé-Grau
- Paediatric Neurology Research Group, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebrón Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Correa-Vela
- Paediatric Neurology Research Group, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebrón Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainara Salazar
- Paediatric Neurology Research Group, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebrón Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Paediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María I Vanegas
- Paediatric Neurology Research Group, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebrón Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Macaya
- Paediatric Neurology Research Group, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebrón Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Paediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àlex Bayés
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Physiology of the Synapse Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez-Dueñas
- Paediatric Neurology Research Group, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebrón Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Paediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Martins J, Gabriel D, Borges T, Soares G, Temudo T. Child Neurology: Myoclonus-dystonia in Russell-Silver Syndrome: Two syndromes caused by one genetic defect. Neurology 2020; 95:e936-e938. [PMID: 32636321 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Martins
- From the Pediatric Neurology Unit (J.M., T.T.) and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (T.B.), Centro Materno Infantil do Norte; Neurology Department (D.G.); and Medical Genetics Department (G.S.), Centro de Genética Médica Dr. Jacinto Magalhães; Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (J.M., T.B., G.S., T.T.), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Denis Gabriel
- From the Pediatric Neurology Unit (J.M., T.T.) and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (T.B.), Centro Materno Infantil do Norte; Neurology Department (D.G.); and Medical Genetics Department (G.S.), Centro de Genética Médica Dr. Jacinto Magalhães; Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (J.M., T.B., G.S., T.T.), Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Borges
- From the Pediatric Neurology Unit (J.M., T.T.) and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (T.B.), Centro Materno Infantil do Norte; Neurology Department (D.G.); and Medical Genetics Department (G.S.), Centro de Genética Médica Dr. Jacinto Magalhães; Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (J.M., T.B., G.S., T.T.), Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Soares
- From the Pediatric Neurology Unit (J.M., T.T.) and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (T.B.), Centro Materno Infantil do Norte; Neurology Department (D.G.); and Medical Genetics Department (G.S.), Centro de Genética Médica Dr. Jacinto Magalhães; Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (J.M., T.B., G.S., T.T.), Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Temudo
- From the Pediatric Neurology Unit (J.M., T.T.) and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (T.B.), Centro Materno Infantil do Norte; Neurology Department (D.G.); and Medical Genetics Department (G.S.), Centro de Genética Médica Dr. Jacinto Magalhães; Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (J.M., T.B., G.S., T.T.), Porto, Portugal
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6
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Menozzi E, Balint B, Latorre A, Valente EM, Rothwell JC, Bhatia KP. Twenty years on: Myoclonus-dystonia and ε-sarcoglycan - neurodevelopment, channel, and signaling dysfunction. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1588-1601. [PMID: 31449710 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoclonus-dystonia is a clinical syndrome characterized by a typical childhood onset of myoclonic jerks and dystonia involving the neck, trunk, and upper limbs. Psychiatric symptomatology, namely, alcohol dependence and phobic and obsessive-compulsive disorder, is also part of the clinical picture. Zonisamide has demonstrated effectiveness at reducing both myoclonus and dystonia, and deep brain stimulation seems to be an effective and long-lasting therapeutic option for medication-refractory cases. In a subset of patients, myoclonus-dystonia is associated with pathogenic variants in the epsilon-sarcoglycan gene, located on chromosome 7q21, and up to now, more than 100 different pathogenic variants of the epsilon-sarcoglycan gene have been described. In a few families with a clinical phenotype resembling myoclonus-dystonia associated with distinct clinical features, variants have been identified in genes involved in novel pathways such as calcium channel regulation and neurodevelopment. Because of phenotypic similarities with epsilon-sarcoglycan gene-related myoclonus-dystonia, these conditions can be collectively classified as "myoclonus-dystonia syndromes." In the present article, we present myoclonus-dystonia caused by epsilon-sarcoglycan gene mutations, with a focus on genetics and underlying disease mechanisms. Second, we review those conditions falling within the spectrum of myoclonus-dystonia syndromes, highlighting their genetic background and involved pathways. Finally, we critically discuss the normal and pathological function of the epsilon-sarcoglycan gene and its product, suggesting a role in the stabilization of the dopaminergic membrane via regulation of calcium homeostasis and in the neurodevelopmental process involving the cerebello-thalamo-pallido-cortical network. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Menozzi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Bettina Balint
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Latorre
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - John C Rothwell
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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7
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Shpiner DS, Bardos J, Barbouth DS, Moore HP. Uniparental Disomy Causing Myoclonus Dystonia Associated with Russell Silver Syndrome. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2019; 6:409-410. [PMID: 33999982 PMCID: PMC6592828 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S. Shpiner
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | - Jonah Bardos
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | - Deborah S. Barbouth
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | - Henry P. Moore
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
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8
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Primordial dwarfism: overview of clinical and genetic aspects. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 291:1-15. [PMID: 26323792 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Primordial dwarfism is a group of genetic disorders which include Seckel Syndrome, Silver-Russell Syndrome, Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism types I/III, II and Meier-Gorlin Syndrome. This genetic disorder group is characterized by intra-uterine growth retardation and post-natal growth abnormalities which occur as a result of disorganized molecular and genomic changes in embryonic stage and, thus, it represents a unique area to study growth and developmental abnormalities. Lot of research has been carried out on different aspects; however, a consolidated review that discusses an overall spectrum of this disorder is not accessible. Recent research in this area points toward important molecular and cellular mechanisms in human body that regulate the complexity of growth process. Studies have emerged that have clearly associated with a number of abnormal chromosomal, genetic and epigenetic alterations that can predispose an embryo to develop PD-associated developmental defects. Finding and associating such fundamental changes to its subtypes will help in re-examination of alleged functions at both cellular and developmental levels and thus reveal the intrinsic mechanism that leads to a balanced growth. Although such findings have unraveled a subtle understanding of growth process, we further require active research in terms of identification of reliable biomarkers for different subtypes as an immediate requirement for clinical utilization. It is hoped that further study will advance the understanding of basic mechanisms regulating growth relevant to human health. Therefore, this review has been written with an aim to present an overview of chromosomal, molecular and epigenetic modifications reported to be associated with different subtypes of this heterogenous disorder. Further, latest findings with respect to clinical and molecular genetics research have been summarized to aid the medical fraternity in their clinical utility, for diagnosing disorders where there are overlapping physical attributes and simultaneously inform about the latest developments in PD biology.
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Li CF, Lin HY, Liu HC, Lee SH, Lo MY, Lin SP, Lo FS, Niu DM. Hepatomegaly and hyperammonemia in a girl with Silver-Russell syndrome caused by maternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 7. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2114-7. [PMID: 24715348 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Augustine EF, Blackburn J, Pellegrino JE, Miller R, Mink JW. Myoclonus-dystonia syndrome associated with Russell Silver syndrome. Mov Disord 2013; 28:841-2. [PMID: 23703955 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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11
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Sheridan MB, Bytyci Telegrafi A, Stinnett V, Umeh CC, Mari Z, Dawson TM, Bodurtha J, Batista DAS. Myoclonus-dystonia and Silver-Russell syndrome resulting from maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7. Clin Genet 2013; 84:368-72. [PMID: 23237735 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Myoclonus-dystonia (M-D) is a movement disorder that is often associated with mutations in epsilon-sarcoglycan (SGCE), a maternally imprinted gene at 7q21.3. We report a 24-year-old male with short stature (<5th percentile) and a movement disorder clinically consistent with M-D. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array did not identify significant copy number changes, but revealed three long continuous stretches of homozygosity on chromosome 7 suggestive of uniparental disomy. Parental SNP arrays confirmed that the proband had maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (mUPD7) with regions of heterodisomy and isodisomy. mUPD7 is the cause of approximately 5-10% of Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), a disorder characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth retardation. Although SRS was not suspected in our patient, these findings explain his short stature. SGCE methylation testing showed loss of the unmethylated paternal allele. Our findings provide a unifying diagnosis for his short stature and M-D and help to optimize his medication regimen. In conclusion, we show that M-D is a clinical feature that may be associated with SRS due to mUPD7. Individuals with mUPD7 should be monitored for the development of movement disorders. Conversely, individuals with M-D and short stature should be evaluated for SRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Sheridan
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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