1
|
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) affects approximately 1 in 250 individuals and is the leading indication for heart transplantation. DCM is often familial, and the most common genetic predisposition is a truncating variation in the giant sarcomeric protein, titin, which occurs in up to 15% of ambulant patients with DCM and 25% of end-stage or familial cases. In this article, we review the evidence for the role of titin truncation in the pathogenesis of DCM and our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological consequences of variation in the gene encoding titin (TTN). Such variation is common in the general population (up to 1% of individuals), and we consider key features that discriminate variants with disease-causing potential from those that are benign. We summarize strategies for clinical interpretation of genetic variants for use in the diagnosis of patients and the evaluation of their relatives. Finally, we consider the contemporary and potential future role for genetic stratification in cardiomyopathy and in the general population, evaluating titin variation as a predictor of outcome and treatment response for precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James S Ware
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK.,Medical Research College (MRC) London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stuart A Cook
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK.,Medical Research College (MRC) London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.,Duke-National University of Singapore (Duke-NUS) Medical School and National Heart Centre Singapore, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fukuda T, Nagashima S, Abe T, Kiyonari H, Inatome R, Yanagi S. Rescue of CAMDI deletion-induced delayed radial migration and psychiatric behaviors by HDAC6 inhibitor. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:1785-1798. [PMID: 27737934 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201642416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The DISC1-interacting protein CAMDI has been suggested to promote radial migration through centrosome regulation. However, its physiological relevance is unclear. Here, we report the generation and characterization of CAMDI-deficient mice. CAMDI-deficient mice exhibit delayed radial migration with aberrant neural circuit formation and psychiatric behaviors including hyperactivity, repetitive behavior, and social abnormality typically observed in autism spectrum disorder patients. Analyses of direct targets of CAMDI identify HDAC6 whose α-tubulin deacetylase activity is inhibited by CAMDI at the centrosome. CAMDI deficiency increases HDAC6 activity, leading to unstable centrosomes with reduced γ-tubulin and acetylated α-tubulin levels. Most importantly, psychiatric behaviors as well as delayed migration are significantly rescued by treatment with Tubastatin A, a specific inhibitor of HDAC6. Our findings indicate that HDAC6 hyperactivation by CAMDI deletion causes psychiatric behaviors, at least in part, through delayed radial migration due to impaired centrosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Fukuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Nagashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Chuou-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Chuou-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryoko Inatome
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yanagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vlaikou AM, Manolakos E, Noutsopoulos D, Markopoulos G, Liehr T, Vetro A, Ziegler M, Weise A, Kreskowski K, Papoulidis I, Thomaidis L, Syrrou M. An Interstitial 4q31.21q31.22 Microdeletion Associated with Developmental Delay: Case Report and Literature Review. Cytogenet Genome Res 2014; 142:227-38. [DOI: 10.1159/000361001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
4
|
PAPOULIDIS IOANNIS, OIKONOMIDOU EIRINI, ORRU SANDRO, SIOMOU ELISAVET, KONTODIOU MARIA, ELEFTHERIADES MAKARIOS, BACOULAS VASILIOS, CIGUDOSA JUANC, SUELA JAVIER, THOMAIDIS LORETTA, MANOLAKOS EMMANOUIL. Prenatal detection of TAR syndrome in a fetus with compound inheritance of an RBM8A SNP and a 334-kb deletion: A case report. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:163-5. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
5
|
Manolakos E, Kefalas K, Vetro A, Oikonomidou E, Daskalakis G, Psara N, Siomou E, Papageorgiou E, Sevastopoulou E, Konstantinidou A, Vrachnis N, Thomaidis L, Zuffardi O, Papoulidis I. Prenatal diagnosis of two de novo 4q35-qter deletions characterized by array-CGH. Mol Cytogenet 2013; 6:47. [PMID: 24176130 PMCID: PMC3843522 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-6-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 4q- syndrome is a well known genetic condition caused by a partial terminal or interstitial deletion in the long arm of chromosome 4. The great variability in the extent of these deletions and the possible contribution of additional genetic rearrangements, such as unbalanced translocations, lead to a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. The majority of reports of 4q- cases are associated with large deletions identified by conventional chromosome analysis; however, the widespread clinical use of novel molecular techniques such as array comparative genomic hybridization (a-CGH) has increased the detection rate of submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations associated with 4q- phenotype. Results Herein we report two prenatal cases of 4qter deletions which presented the first with no sonographic findings and the second with brain ventriculomegaly combined with oligohydramnios. Standard karyotyping demonstrated a deletion at band q35.1 of chromosome 4 in both cases. The application of a-CGH confirmed the diagnosis and offered a precise characterization of the genetic defect. Conclusions We provide a review of the currently available literature on the prenatal diagnostic approach of 4q- syndrome and we compare our results with other published cases. Our data suggest that the identification and the precise molecular characterization of new cases with 4q- syndrome will contribute in elucidating the genetic spectrum of this disorder.
Collapse
|
6
|
Manolakos E, Vetro A, Papadopoulou E, Kefalas K, Lagou M, Thomaidis L, Peitsidis P, Sifakis S, Divane A, Ziegler M, Liehr T, Zuffardi O, Papoulidis I. Partial trisomy 2p and partial monosomy 2q arising from a paternal intrachromosomal 2q-into-2p between-arm insertion and paracentric inversion: molecular cytogenetic characterization of a four-break rearrangement. Cytogenet Genome Res 2013; 140:12-20. [PMID: 23652918 DOI: 10.1159/000350868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a 26-month-old boy with an interstitial duplication of 2p22.3p22.2 and an interstitial deletion of 2q14.1q21.2. The abnormality was derived from his father having a balanced paracentric inversion and pericentric insertion. The deletion in the child was identified by cytogenetic analysis and characterized in more detail by molecular cytogenetics and array comparative genomic hybridization. The latter revealed a 20-Mb deletion in the long arm and a 5.6-Mb duplication in the short arm of chromosome 2. Fluorescence in situ hybridization in paternal chromosomes characterized an intrachromosomal insertion of 2q14.1q21.2 into 2p23; additionally a paracentric inversion of 2p13p23 was observed. The boy with the unbalanced karyotype suffered from severe psychomotor retardation, thrombophilia due to protein C deficiency, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and also had phenotypic abnormalities. Most of these features have previously been described in individuals with interstitial deletion of 2q14.1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Manolakos
- Eurogenetica S.A., Laboratory of Genetics, Athens-Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sifakis S, Manolakos E, Vetro A, Kappou D, Peitsidis P, Kontodiou M, Garas A, Vrachnis N, Konstandinidou A, Zuffardi O, Orru S, Papoulidis I. Prenatal diagnosis of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome confirmed by comparative genomic hybridization array: report of two cases and review of the literature. Mol Cytogenet 2012; 5:12. [PMID: 22373435 PMCID: PMC3307480 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-5-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a well known genetic condition caused by a partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4. The great variability in the extent of the 4p deletion and the possible contribution of additional genetic rearrangements lead to a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. The majority of the reports of prenatally diagnosed WHS cases are associated with large 4p deletions identified by conventional chromosome analysis; however, the widespread clinical use of novel molecular techniques such as array comparative genomic hybridization (a-CGH) has increased the detection rate of submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations associated with WHS phenotype. We provide a report of two fetuses with WHS presenting with intrauterine growth restriction as an isolated finding or combined with oligohydramnios and abnormal Doppler waveform in umbilical artery and uterine arteries. Standard karyotyping demonstrated a deletion on chromosome 4 in both cases [del(4)(p15.33) and del(4)(p15.31), respectively] and further application of a-CGH confirmed the diagnosis and offered a precise characterization of the genetic defect. A detailed review of the currently available literature on the prenatal diagnostic approach of WHS in terms of fetal sonographic assessment and molecular cytogenetic investigation is also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Sifakis
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Manolakos
- Eurogenetica S.A., Laboratory of Genetics, Athens-Thessaloniki, Greece
- Cattedra di Genetica Medica, Universita di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italia
| | - Annalisa Vetro
- Dipartimento di Patologia Umana ed Ereditaria, Universita di Pavia, Pavia, Italia
| | - Dimitra Kappou
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Maria Kontodiou
- Eurogenetica S.A., Laboratory of Genetics, Athens-Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Garas
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Thessalia, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vrachnis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Univeristy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Orsetta Zuffardi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Umana ed Ereditaria, Universita di Pavia, Pavia, Italia
| | - Sandro Orru
- Cattedra di Genetica Medica, Universita di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italia
| | | |
Collapse
|