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Mary L, Fradin M, Pasquier L, Quelin C, Loget P, Le Lous M, Le Bouar G, Nivot-Adamiak S, Lokchine A, Dubourg C, Jauffret V, Nouyou B, Henry C, Launay E, Odent S, Jaillard S, Belaud-Rotureau MA. Role of chromosomal imbalances in the pathogenesis of DSD: A retrospective analysis of 115 prenatal samples. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104748. [PMID: 36948288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Differences of sex development (DSDs) are a group of congenital conditions characterized by a discrepancy between chromosomal, gonadal, and genital sex development of an individual, with significant impact on medical, psychological and reproductive life. The genetic heterogeneity of DSDs complicates the diagnosis and almost half of the patients remains undiagnosed. In this context, chromosomal imbalances in syndromic DSD patients may help to identify new genes implicated in DSDs. In this study, we aimed at describing the burden of chromosomal imbalances including submicroscopic ones (copy number variants or CNVs) in a cohort of prenatal syndromic DSD patients, and review their role in DSDs. Our patients carried at least one pathogenic or likely pathogenic chromosomal imbalance/CNV or low-level mosaicism for aneuploidy. Almost half of the cases resulted from an unbalanced chromosomal rearrangement. Chromosome 9p/q, 4p/q, 3q and 11q anomalies were more frequently observed. Review of the literature confirmed the causative role of CNVs in DSDs, either in disruption of known DSD-causing genes (SOX9, NR0B1, NR5A1, AR, ATRX, …) or as a tool to suspect new genes in DSDs (HOXD cluster, ADCY2, EMX2, CAMK1D, …). Recurrent CNVs of regulatory elements without coding sequence content (i.e. duplications/deletions upstream of SOX3 or SOX9) confirm detection of CNVs as a mean to explore our non-coding genome. Thus, CNV detection remains a powerful tool to explore undiagnosed DSDs, either through routine techniques or through emerging technologies such as long-read whole genome sequencing or optical genome mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mary
- CHU Rennes, Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, F-35033, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset, UMR_S, 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - M Fradin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Anomalies Du Développement, CLAD Ouest, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - L Pasquier
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Anomalies Du Développement, CLAD Ouest, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement), CNRS UMR 6290, INSERM ERL 1305, Rennes, France
| | - C Quelin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Anomalies Du Développement, CLAD Ouest, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - P Loget
- Service D'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - M Le Lous
- Unité de Médecine Fœtale, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - G Le Bouar
- Unité de Médecine Fœtale, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - S Nivot-Adamiak
- Service D'endocrinologie Pédiatrique, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - A Lokchine
- CHU Rennes, Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, F-35033, Rennes, France
| | - C Dubourg
- Université de Rennes, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement), CNRS UMR 6290, INSERM ERL 1305, Rennes, France; Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, 35033, France
| | - V Jauffret
- CHU Rennes, Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, F-35033, Rennes, France
| | - B Nouyou
- CHU Rennes, Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, F-35033, Rennes, France
| | - C Henry
- CHU Rennes, Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, F-35033, Rennes, France
| | - E Launay
- CHU Rennes, Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, F-35033, Rennes, France
| | - S Odent
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Anomalies Du Développement, CLAD Ouest, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement), CNRS UMR 6290, INSERM ERL 1305, Rennes, France
| | - S Jaillard
- CHU Rennes, Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, F-35033, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset, UMR_S, 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - M A Belaud-Rotureau
- CHU Rennes, Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, F-35033, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset, UMR_S, 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
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Iype T, Alakbarzade V, Iype M, Singh R, Sreekantan-Nair A, Chioza BA, Mohapatra TM, Baple EL, Patton MA, Warner TT, Proukakis C, Kulkarni A, Crosby AH. A large Indian family with rearrangement of chromosome 4p16 and 3p26.3 and divergent clinical presentations. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 16:104. [PMID: 26554554 PMCID: PMC4641370 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background The deletion of the chromosome 4p16.3 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome critical region (WHSCR-2) typically results in a characteristic facial appearance, varying intellectual disability, stereotypies and prenatal onset of growth retardation, while gains of the same chromosomal region result in a more variable degree of intellectual deficit and dysmorphism. Similarly the phenotype of individuals with terminal deletions of distal chromosome 3p (3p deletion syndrome) varies from mild to severe intellectual deficit, micro- and trigonocephaly, and a distinct facial appearance. Methods and results We investigated a large Indian five-generation pedigree with ten affected family members in which chromosomal microarray and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses disclosed a complex rearrangement involving chromosomal subregions 4p16.1 and 3p26.3 resulting in a 4p16.1 deletion and 3p26.3 microduplication in three individuals, and a 4p16.1 duplication and 3p26.3 microdeletion in seven individuals. A typical clinical presentation of WHS was observed in all three cases with 4p16.1 deletion and 3p26.3 microduplication. Individuals with a 4p16.1 duplication and 3p26.3 microdeletion demonstrated a range of clinical features including typical 3p microdeletion or 4p partial trisomy syndrome to more severe neurodevelopmental delay with distinct dysmorphic features. Conclusion We present the largest pedigree with complex t(4p;3p) chromosomal rearrangements and diverse clinical outcomes including Wolf Hirschorn-, 3p deletion-, and 4p duplication syndrome amongst affected individuals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-015-0251-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Iype
- Department of Neurology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Vafa Alakbarzade
- Molecular Genetics, RILD Institute, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Hospital, Wonford, Exeter, UK. .,Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Mary Iype
- Department of Neurology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Royana Singh
- Department of Anatomy and Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ajith Sreekantan-Nair
- Molecular Genetics, RILD Institute, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Hospital, Wonford, Exeter, UK
| | - Barry A Chioza
- Molecular Genetics, RILD Institute, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Hospital, Wonford, Exeter, UK.
| | - Tribhuvan M Mohapatra
- Department of Anatomy and Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Emma L Baple
- Molecular Genetics, RILD Institute, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Hospital, Wonford, Exeter, UK. .,Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. .,Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK.
| | - Michael A Patton
- Molecular Genetics, RILD Institute, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Hospital, Wonford, Exeter, UK.,Southwest Thames Regional Genetics Centre, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Thomas T Warner
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Christos Proukakis
- Clinical Neuroscience, Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Abhi Kulkarni
- Southwest Thames Regional Genetics Centre, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, SW17 0RE, UK.
| | - Andrew H Crosby
- Molecular Genetics, RILD Institute, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Hospital, Wonford, Exeter, UK.
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Chen LS, Xue D, Xi ZM, Liu DN, Zou PS, Ma M, Xia Y, Chen XH, Qiu GB, Cao DH. A very rare case of trisomy 4q32.3-4q35.2 and trisomy 21q11.2-21q22.11 in a patient with recombinant chromosomes 4 and 21. Gene 2015; 563:72-5. [PMID: 25752286 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a patient with a clinical phenotype consistent with Down Syndrome (DS) who has a novel karyotypic abnormality. Karyotypic analyses were performed to investigate the cause of two spontaneous abortions. A balanced translocation between chromosomes 4 and 21 was identified, along with an additional abnormal chromosome 21. We performed high-resolution banding, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and FISH studies in both the patient and her mother to define the abnormality and determine its origin. CGH revealed a gain in copy number on the long arm of chromosome 4, spanning at least 24.4 Mb, and a gain in copy number on the long arm of chromosome 21, spanning at least 16.2 Mb. FISH analysis using a chromosome 21 centromere probe and chromosome 4 long arm telomere (4pter) probe confirmed the origin of the marker chromosome. It has been confirmed by the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of China that this is the first reported instance of the karyotype 47,XX,t(4;21)(q31.3;q11.2),+der(21)t(4;21)mat reported in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sha Chen
- Aristogenesis Center, No. 202 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang 110003, PR China
| | - Dan Xue
- Aristogenesis Center, No. 202 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang 110003, PR China
| | - Zuo-Ming Xi
- Genetic disease laboratory, DongChang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, LiaoCheng 252000, PR China
| | - Dan-Na Liu
- Aristogenesis Center, No. 202 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang 110003, PR China
| | - Peng-Shu Zou
- Aristogenesis Center, No. 202 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang 110003, PR China
| | - Ming Ma
- Aristogenesis Center, No. 202 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang 110003, PR China
| | - Ying Xia
- Aristogenesis Center, No. 202 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang 110003, PR China
| | - Xia-Hui Chen
- Aristogenesis Center, No. 202 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang 110003, PR China
| | - Guang-Bin Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, No. 202 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang 110003, PR China
| | - Dong-Hua Cao
- Aristogenesis Center, No. 202 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang 110003, PR China.
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