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Varadarajan S, Balaji TM, Raj AT, Gupta AA, Patil S, Alhazmi TH, Alaqi HAA, Al Omar NEM, Almutaher SABA, Jafer AA, Hedad IA. Genetic Mutations Associated with Pierre Robin Syndrome/Sequence: A Systematic Review. Mol Syndromol 2021; 12:69-86. [PMID: 34012376 DOI: 10.1159/000513217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pierre Robin syndrome/sequence (PRS) is associated with a triad of symptoms that includes micrognathia, cleft palate, and glossoptosis that may lead to respiratory obstruction. The syndrome occurs in 2 forms: nonsyndromic PRS (nsPRS), and PRS associated with other syndromes (sPRS). Studies have shown varying genetic mutations associated with both nsPRS and sPRS. The present systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive collection of published literature reporting genetic mutations in PRS. Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus were searched using the keywords: "Pierre Robin syndrome/sequence AND gene mutation." The search resulted in 208 articles, of which 93 were excluded as they were duplicates/irrelevant. The full-text assessment led to the further exclusion of 76 articles. From the remaining 39 articles included in the review, details of 324 cases were extracted. 56% of the cases were sPRS, and 22% of the cases were associated with other malformations and the remaining were nsPRS. Genetic mutations were noted in 30.9% of the 300 cases. Based on the review, SOX9 was found to be the most common gene associated with both nsPRS and sPRS. The gene mutation in sPRS was specific to the associated syndrome. Due to the lack of original studies, a quantitative analysis was not possible. Thus, future studies must focus on conducting large-scale cohort studies. Along with generating data on genetic mutation, future studies must also conduct pedigree analysis to assess potential familial inheritance, which in turn could provide valuable insights into the etiopathogenesis of PRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Archana A Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Hassan Alhazmi
- Community Dental Unit, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Neda Essa M Al Omar
- Community Dental Unit, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ismaeel Abker Hedad
- Community Dental Unit, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Dinh K, Mark PR. Lethal renal anomalies in a fetus with 21q22.11-q22.12 deletion. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:3060-3063. [PMID: 32946178 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Dinh
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Paul R Mark
- Division of Medical Genetics, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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3
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Leinoe E, Kjaersgaard M, Zetterberg E, Ostrowski S, Greinacher A, Rossing M. Highly impaired platelet ultrastructure in two families with novel IKZF5 variants. Platelets 2020; 32:492-497. [PMID: 32419556 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1764921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous variants in the IKZF5 gene, encoding transcription factor Pegasus, were recently discovered to be causal of inherited thrombocytopenia (IT). We screened 90 patients suspected of inherited thrombocytopenia for variants in 101 genes associated with inherited bleeding disorders and report the clinical presentation of two Danish families with novel variants in IKZF5. Platelet ultrastructure and cytoskeleton were evaluated by immunofluorescent microscopy (IF) and found to be highly abnormal, demonstrating severe disturbances of distribution and expression of non-muscular myosin, filamin, β-tubulin and α tubulin. Number of alpha granules were reduced, and platelets elongated when evaluated by TEM. In both families a child carrying a rare IKZF5 variant was affected by developmental delay. The proband of family A presented with recurrent infections and was examined for an immunodeficiency. The concentration of naive B-cells was found moderately reduced by leucocyte subpopulation examination, indicating an impaired cellular immunity. T-cells were marginally low with reduced share and concentration of CD45RApos, CD31pos, CD4pos recent thymic immigrants as signs of reduced thymic output. The novel IKZF5 variants co-segregated with thrombocytopenia in both families and both probands had significant bleeding tendency. Through comprehensive characterizations of the platelet morphology and function linked to the specific phenotypes we add novel insight to IKZF5-associated thrombocytopenia, which may help to identify and classify more cases with IKZF5 associated IT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Leinoe
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mimi Kjaersgaard
- Department of Pediatrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Zetterberg
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sisse Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Greifswald University Hospital, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maria Rossing
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Alopécie, dysplasie auriculaire et déficit intellectuel en lien avec une délétion 21q terminale. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2019; 146:563-570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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5
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Sleiman PMA, March M, Nguyen K, Tian L, Pellegrino R, Hou C, Dridi W, Sager M, Housawi YH, Hakonarson H. Loss-of-Function Mutations in KIF15 Underlying a Braddock-Carey Genocopy. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:507-510. [PMID: 28150392 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Braddock-Carey Syndrome (BCS) is characterized by microcephaly, congenital thrombocytopenia, Pierre-Robin sequence (PRS), and agenesis of the corpus callosum. BCS has been shown to be caused by a 21q22.11 microdeletion that encompasses multiple genes. Here, we report a BCS genocopy characterized by congenital thrombocytopenia and PRS that is caused by a loss-of-function mutation in KIF15 in a consanguineous Saudi Arabian family. Mutations of mitotic kinesins are a well-established cause of microcephaly. To our knowledge, KIF15 is the first kinesin to be associated with congenital thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M A Sleiman
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael March
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kenny Nguyen
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lifeng Tian
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Renata Pellegrino
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cuiping Hou
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Walid Dridi
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pediatric Oncology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Research, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Sager
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pediatric Oncology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Research, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef H Housawi
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pediatric Oncology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Research, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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6
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Tokita M, Braxton A, Shao Y, Lewis A, Vincent M, Küry S, Besnard T, Isidor B, Latypova X, Bézieau S, Liu P, Motter C, Melver C, Robin N, Infante E, McGuire M, El-Gharbawy A, Littlejohn R, McLean S, Bi W, Bacino C, Lalani S, Scott D, Eng C, Yang Y, Schaaf C, Walkiewicz M. De Novo Truncating Variants in SON Cause Intellectual Disability, Congenital Malformations, and Failure to Thrive. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:720-727. [PMID: 27545676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SON is a key component of the spliceosomal complex and a critical mediator of constitutive and alternative splicing. Additionally, SON has been shown to influence cell-cycle progression, genomic integrity, and maintenance of pluripotency in stem cell populations. The clear functional relevance of SON in coordinating essential cellular processes and its presence in diverse human tissues suggests that intact SON might be crucial for normal growth and development. However, the phenotypic effects of deleterious germline variants in SON have not been clearly defined. Herein, we describe seven unrelated individuals with de novo variants in SON and propose that deleterious variants in SON are associated with a severe multisystem disorder characterized by developmental delay, persistent feeding difficulties, and congenital malformations, including brain anomalies.
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Takenouchi T, Kosaki K. Jacobsen syndrome, Braddock-Carey syndrome, and Beyond: Reflections on intellectual disability accompanied with thrombocytopenia. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2578-9. [PMID: 27569865 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Takenouchi
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Braddock SR, South ST, Schiffman JD, Longhurst M, Rowe LR, Carey JC. Braddock-Carey syndrome: A 21q22 contiguous gene syndrome encompassing RUNX1. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2580-6. [PMID: 27549381 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In 1994, Braddock and Carey first reported two unrelated girls with a new multiple malformation syndrome. The primary features included Pierre Robin sequence, persistent neonatal-onset thrombocytopenia, agenesis of the corpus callosum, a distinctive facies, enamel hypoplasia, and severe developmental delay. Since that time, there have been multiple other reported patients with a similar phenotype. In addition, several reports of thrombocytopenia and developmental delay have been documented in association with deletions in the Down syndrome critical region at 21q22. The similarity of the reported cases with deletions involving 21q22 with the clinical presentation of the two patients with Braddock-Carey syndrome resulted in a reinvestigation of the genetic etiology of these two patients 20 years after the original study. This investigation provides evidence that the etiology of this and other "Fanconi-like" disorders represent a newly recognized contiguous gene deletion syndrome involving 21q22 and specifically, the RUNX1 gene. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Braddock
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri. .,SSM Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, Saint Louis, Missouri.
| | - Sarah T South
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | | | - Leslie R Rowe
- ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - John C Carey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Toriello HV, Colley C, Bamshad M. Update on the Toriello-Carey syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2551-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helga V. Toriello
- Medical Genetics; Spectrum Health Hospital; Michigan State University; Grand Rapids Michigan
- College of Human Medicine; Michigan State University; Grand Rapids Michigan
| | - Chelsey Colley
- College of Human Medicine; Michigan State University; Grand Rapids Michigan
| | - Michael Bamshad
- Division of Medical Genetics; University of Washington; Seattle Washington
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10
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Abbas E, Cox DM, Smith T, Butler MG. The 7q11.23 Microduplication Syndrome: A Clinical Report with Review of Literature. J Pediatr Genet 2016; 5:129-40. [PMID: 27617154 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report a 14-year-old adolescent girl with selective mutism (SM) and a 7q11.23 microduplication detected by chromosomal microarray (CMA) analysis and reviewed the literature from 18 published clinical reports. Our patient had specific phobias, SM, extreme anxiety, obesity, cutis marmorata, and a round appearing face with a short neck and over folded ears. We reviewed the published clinical, cognitive, behavioral, and cytogenetic findings grouped by speech and language delay, growth and development, craniofacial, clinical, and behavior and cognitive features due to the 7q11.23 microduplication. This microduplication syndrome is characterized by speech delay (91%), social anxiety (42%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, 37%), autism spectrum disorder (29%), and separation anxiety (13%). Other findings include abnormal brain imaging (80%), congenital heart and vascular defects (54%), and mild intellectual disability (38%). We then compared the phenotype with Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) which is due to a deletion of the same chromosome region. Both syndromes have abnormal brain imaging, hypotonia, delayed motor development, joint laxity, mild intellectual disability, ADHD, autism, and poor visuospatial skills but opposite or dissimilar findings regarding speech and behavioral patterns, cardiovascular problems, and social interaction. Those with WBS are prone to have hyperverbal speech, lack of stranger anxiety, and supravalvular aortic stenosis while those with the 7q11.23 microduplication have speech delay, SM, social anxiety, and are prone to aortic dilatation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Abbas
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Devin M Cox
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Teri Smith
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Merlin G Butler
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
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11
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Jespersgaard C, Damgaard IN, Cornelius N, Bache I, Knabe N, Miranda MJ, Tümer Z. Proximal 21q deletion as a result of a de novo unbalanced t(12;21) translocation in a patient with dysmorphic features, hepatomegaly, thick myocardium and delayed psychomotor development. Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:11. [PMID: 26855673 PMCID: PMC4743331 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IInterstitial 21q deletions can cause a wide spectrum of symptoms depending on the size and the location of the deletion. It has previously been suggested that the long arm of chromosome 21 can be divided into three regions based on the clinical severity of the patients and deletion of the region from 32.3 Mb to 37.1 Mb was more crucial than the deletion of other regions. Case Presentation In this study we describe a female patient with dysmorphic features, hepatomegaly, thick myocardium and psychomotor delay. Conventional karyotyping was initially interpreted as full monosomy 21, but subsequent chromosome microarray analysis suggested an approximately 18 Mb partial monosomy. Re-evaluation of the karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed deletion of the proximal 21q11.2-q22.11 segment and insertion of 21q22.11-qter to 12qter. The deletion of the present case overlaps with two of the proposed regions including part of the proposed crucial region. Conclusions This report emphasizes the relevance of investigating suspected full monosomies with high resolution methods and FISH in order to investigate the extent of the deletion and the presence of more complex rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Jespersgaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Ida N Damgaard
- Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Nanna Cornelius
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Iben Bache
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark ; Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Knabe
- Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Maria J Miranda
- Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
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Gomez-Ospina N, Bernstein JA. Clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular outcomes in a series of 66 patients with Pierre Robin sequence and literature review: 22q11.2 deletion is less common than other chromosomal anomalies. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170A:870-80. [PMID: 26756138 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is an important craniofacial anomaly that can be seen as an isolated finding or manifestation of multiple syndromes. 22q11.2 deletion and Stickler syndrome are cited as the two most common conditions associated with PRS, but their frequencies are debated. We performed a retrospective study of 66 patients with PRS and reviewed their genetic testing, diagnoses, and clinical findings. The case series is complemented by a comprehensive literature review of the nature and frequency of genetic diagnosis in PRS. In our cohort 65% of patients had associated anomalies; of these, a genetic diagnosis was established in 56%. Stickler syndrome was the most common diagnosis, comprising approximately 11% of all cases, followed by Treacher Collins syndrome (9%). The frequency of 22q11.2 deletion was 1.5%. Chromosome arrays, performed for 72% of idiopathic PRS with associated anomalies, revealed two cases of 18q22→qter deletion, a region not previously reported in association with PRS. A review of the cytogenetic anomalies identified in this population supports an association between the 4q33-qter, 17q24.3, 2q33.1, and 11q23 chromosomal loci and PRS. We found a low frequency of 22q11.2 deletion in PRS, suggesting it is less commonly implicated in this malformation. Our data also indicate a higher frequency of cytogenetic anomalies in PRS patients with associated anomalies, and a potential new link with the 18q22→qter locus. The present findings underscore the utility of chromosomal microarrays in cases of PRS with associated anomalies and suggest that delaying testing for apparently isolated cases should be considered.
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Ji J, Lee H, Argiropoulos B, Dorrani N, Mann J, Martinez-Agosto JA, Gomez-Ospina N, Gallant N, Bernstein JA, Hudgins L, Slattery L, Isidor B, Le Caignec C, David A, Obersztyn E, Wiśniowiecka-Kowalnik B, Fox M, Deignan JL, Vilain E, Hendricks E, Horton Harr M, Noon SE, Jackson JR, Wilkens A, Mirzaa G, Salamon N, Abramson J, Zackai EH, Krantz I, Innes AM, Nelson SF, Grody WW, Quintero-Rivera F. DYRK1A haploinsufficiency causes a new recognizable syndrome with microcephaly, intellectual disability, speech impairment, and distinct facies. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1473-81. [PMID: 25944381 PMCID: PMC4613469 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1 A (DYRK1A ) is a highly conserved gene located in the Down syndrome critical region. It has an important role in early development and regulation of neuronal proliferation. Microdeletions of chromosome 21q22.12q22.3 that include DYRK1A (21q22.13) are rare and only a few pathogenic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the DYRK1A gene have been described, so as of yet, the landscape of DYRK1A disruptions and their associated phenotype has not been fully explored. We have identified 14 individuals with de novo heterozygous variants of DYRK1A; five with microdeletions, three with small insertions or deletions (INDELs) and six with deleterious SNVs. The analysis of our cohort and comparison with published cases reveals that phenotypes are consistent among individuals with the 21q22.12q22.3 microdeletion and those with translocation, SNVs, or INDELs within DYRK1A. All individuals shared congenital microcephaly at birth, intellectual disability, developmental delay, severe speech impairment, short stature, and distinct facial features. The severity of the microcephaly varied from -2 SD to -5 SD. Seizures, structural brain abnormalities, eye defects, ataxia/broad-based gait, intrauterine growth restriction, minor skeletal abnormalities, and feeding difficulties were present in two-thirds of all affected individuals. Our study demonstrates that haploinsufficiency of DYRK1A results in a new recognizable syndrome, which should be considered in individuals with Angelman syndrome-like features and distinct facial features. Our report represents the largest cohort of individuals with DYRK1A disruptions to date, and is the first attempt to define consistent genotype-phenotype correlations among subjects with 21q22.13 microdeletions and DYRK1A SNVs or small INDELs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Ji
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hane Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bob Argiropoulos
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Naghmeh Dorrani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Julian A Martinez-Agosto
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Gomez-Ospina
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Gallant
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Louanne Hudgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leah Slattery
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and Inserm UMR957, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Cédric Le Caignec
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and Inserm UMR957, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Albert David
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and Inserm UMR957, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Michelle Fox
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua L Deignan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric Vilain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Margaret Horton Harr
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah E Noon
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessi R Jackson
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alisha Wilkens
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ghayda Mirzaa
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Noriko Salamon
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Abramson
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), National Centre for Biological Sciences–Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian Krantz
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wayne W Grody
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fabiola Quintero-Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Takenouchi T, Kosaki R, Niizuma T, Hata K, Kosaki K. Macrothrombocytopenia and developmental delay with a de novo CDC42 mutation: Yet another locus for thrombocytopenia and developmental delay. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2822-5. [PMID: 26386261 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The combinatory phenotype of thrombocytopenia and developmental delay has been described for two genetic conditions: a chromosome 11q deletion that is referred to as Jacobsen syndrome, and a 21q22 microdeletion syndrome. Herein, we report a young girl who presented with persistent macrothrombocytopenia and a developmental delay. Whole exome sequencing revealed a de novo amino acid substitution in CDC42, a critical regulator of the cytoskeleton. Our observation recapitulates observations in mice lacking Cdc42. We suggest that this CDC42 mutation may represent yet another mechanism leading to the combinatory phenotype of persistent macrothrombocytopenia and developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Takenouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rika Kosaki
- Division of Medical Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Abstract
Germline testing for familial predisposition to myeloid malignancies is becoming more common with the recognition of multiple familial syndromes. Currently, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-approved testing exists for the following: familial platelet disorder with propensity to acute myeloid leukemia, caused by mutations in RUNX1; familial myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia with mutated GATA2; familial acute myeloid leukemia with mutated CEBPA; and the inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, including dyskeratosis congenita, a disease of abnormal telomere maintenance. With the recognition of additional families with a genetic component to their myeloid diseases, new predisposition alleles are likely to be identified. Awareness of the existence of these syndromes will facilitate proper genetic counseling, appropriate testing, and clinical management of these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A Godley
- Section of Hematology/Oncology and the Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
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16
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Fukai R, Hiraki Y, Nishimura G, Nakashima M, Tsurusaki Y, Saitsu H, Matsumoto N, Miyake N. A de novo 1.4-Mb deletion at 21q22.11 in a boy with developmental delay. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:1021-8. [PMID: 24458657 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Monosomy 21 is a very rare chromosomal abnormality. At least 45 patients with partial deletion involving 21q11 have been reported. Here, we report a Japanese boy who presented with pre- and postnatal growth delays, psychomotor developmental delay, microcephaly, and iris coloboma. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a de novo 1.4-Mb deletion at 21q22.11 containing 19 protein-coding RefSeq genes. We compared the clinical phenotypes between the present patient and 16 previously reported patients with a deleted region associated with postnatal growth delay and psychomotor developmental delay. Interestingly, ITSN1 was the only gene deleted or disrupted in all cases; this gene is known to be associated with intellectual disability. Microcephaly and brain structural abnormalities including polymicrogyria and agenesis/hypoplasia of the corpus callosum may also result from haploinsufficiency of ITSN1, highlighting its clinical significance for the neurological features of patients with monosomy 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Fukai
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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17
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Nickels EM, Soodalter J, Churpek JE, Godley LA. Recognizing familial myeloid leukemia in adults. Ther Adv Hematol 2013; 4:254-69. [PMID: 23926458 DOI: 10.1177/2040620713487399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline testing for familial cases of myeloid leukemia in adults is becoming more common with the recognition of multiple genetic syndromes predisposing people to bone marrow disease. Currently, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments approved testing exists for several myeloid leukemia predisposition syndromes: familial platelet disorder with propensity to acute myeloid leukemia (FPD/AML), caused by mutations in RUNX1; familial AML with mutated CEBPA; familial myelodysplastic syndrome and acute leukemia with mutated GATA2; and the inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, including dyskeratosis congenita, a disease of abnormal telomere maintenance. With the recognition of additional families with a genetic component to their leukemia, new predisposition alleles will likely be identified. We highlight how to recognize and manage these cases as well as outline the characteristics of the major known syndromes. We look forward to future research increasing our understanding of the scope of inherited myeloid leukemia syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Nickels
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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