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Eissa E, Afifi HH, Abo-Shanab AM, Thomas MM, Taher MB, Kandil R, Kholoussi NM. Importance of TREC and KREC as molecular markers for immunological evaluation of down syndrome children. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15445. [PMID: 37723211 PMCID: PMC10507011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent and severe infections occurred in children with Down Syndrome (DS) due to immunological parameter defects have been reported. The aim of the study is to evaluate the importance of using T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) and kappa-deleting recombination excision circle (KREC) as molecular markers for immunological investigation of children with DS. The study included 40 non-disjunction trisomy 21 confirmed DS children, and 25 healthy controls. Peripheral blood (PB) was analyzed for lymphocyte subpopulations by flow cytometry, serum immunoglobulin levels, and TREC and KREC copy numbers using quantitative real-time PCR. DS patients showed significantly lower absolute counts of PB T lymphocytes, T helper lymphocytes, T cytotoxic lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and Natural killer cells, and lower serum IgA, IgG, and IgM levels compared to healthy controls. Copy number of TREC and KREC showed no significant differences between DS patients and healthy controls. There is a significant positive correlation between TREC copy number with a percentage and absolute count of helper T lymphocytes in patients. Also, the KREC copy number was significantly negatively correlated with the age of patients. These findings suggest that copy numbers of TREC and KREC could be useful as molecular markers for immunological evaluation of patients with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Eissa
- Department of Immunogenetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hanan H Afifi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Developmental Assessment and Genetic Disorders Clinic, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Assem M Abo-Shanab
- Department of Immunogenetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal M Thomas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Developmental Assessment and Genetic Disorders Clinic, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed B Taher
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Developmental Assessment and Genetic Disorders Clinic, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania Kandil
- Department of Immunogenetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Kholoussi
- Department of Immunogenetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Physical Growth and Its Determinants in Indian Children with Down Syndrome, from 3 Months to 5 Years of Age. Indian J Pediatr 2022; 89:141-147. [PMID: 34410620 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-021-03864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the growth of Indian children with Down syndrome (DS), with typically developing Indian children. The effect of comorbidities on their physical growth was also evaluated, so that factors affecting growth can be identified early and timely interventions be planned. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi from June 2015 to June 2017. Children with karyotype-proven DS within age group of 3 mo to 5 y were enrolled as study subjects. Children with DS having mosaic karyotype were excluded. Anthropometry and associated comorbidities were assessed. RESULTS Hundred and eight children with DS were enrolled, mean WHO z scores were-WAZ: -2.31 (SD 1.44), HAZ: -2.51 (SD 1.47), BAZ: -1.07 (SD 1.8), and HCZ: -2.79 (SD 1.21). Congenital heart disease (in 44.5% children), hypothyroidism (in 27.7%), and anemia (in 50%) were the common comorbidities. Growth parameters of children with and without any comorbidity were significantly different, mean WHO z scores were WAZ -2.61 vs. -1.09 (p = 0.005), HAZ -2.43 vs. -2.41 (p = 0.3), BAZ -1.49 vs. -0.38 (p = 0.001), and HCZ -3.13 vs. -2.33 (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Growth of Indian children with DS is significantly less compared to normally growing children. Weight was affected maximum during infancy, length was more affected as the age progressed, head circumference was affected similarly in all age groups, whereas BMI showed almost progressive increase with age. Children with severe heart disease had significantly lower BMI whereas children with treated hypothyroidism had better growth. There is a need for a large longitudinal study on Indian children with DS to construct Indian DS-specific growth charts.
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Flores Arizmendi KA, García De La Puente S, González Navarro M, Bonillo Suarez L, De León Becerra AG, Valderrama Hernández A, Santos Ríos R, Altamirano Bustamante N. Growth charts for Mexican children with Down syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1170-1183. [PMID: 35001493 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We present the results of a prospective, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study performed on a Mexican population of 1867 children, aged 0-18 years, with Down syndrome (DS), observed between 2013 and 2019. A total of 9968 measurements of height, weight, and head circumference, as well as calculation of body mass index (BMI) were used to create growth charts and tables of percentiles. Growth curves were elaborated using Cole's LMS method. The mean weight and length at birth did not differ by sex: the weight was 2750 g for boys and 2710 g for girls (p > 0.05), and the length was 48.2 cm for boys and 47.9 cm for girls (p > 0.05). The mean final height at 18 years was different by sex: 149.6 cm for boys and 141.2 cm for girls. The average BMI at 18 years was 24.2 kg/m2 for boys and 21.9 kg/m2 for girls. In a comparison with U.S. growth charts, we find that the Mexican population has lower height and weight. These are the first growth curves for the Mexican population with DS. They can be used by health care providers to optimize preventive care by monitoring children with DS for the early identification of factors that affect individual growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mauricio González Navarro
- Infectious Disease Research Center. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Rubi Santos Ríos
- Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Boontan N, Rojnueangnit K. Growth Patterns of Thai Children with Down Syndrome from Birth to 5 Years. J Pediatr Genet 2021; 10:16-22. [PMID: 33552633 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Specific growth charts for children with Down syndrome (DS) have been developed in several countries, but not in Thailand. This pilot study aims to develop growth patterns for Thai children with DS, which will help clinicians to improve assessment and monitoring of the growth patterns for these children. A retrospective review of 80 children with DS who received care at Thammasat University Hospital between 2014 and 2018 was conducted. A total of 1,681 length/height and weight measurements were collected. Four sex-specific growth patterns of length/height and weight were generated with the fifth, 50th, and 95th percentile. The children with DS were lower in weight and shorter than general Thai children and children with DS in other countries. Therefore, each country should develop individual DS growth charts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyana Boontan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kitiwan Rojnueangnit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Kotb MA, Draz I, Basanti CW, El Sorogy ST, Abd Elkader HM, Esmat H, Abd El Baky H, Mosallam DS. Cholestasis In Infants With Down Syndrome Is Not Due To Extrahepatic Biliary Atresia: A Ten-Year Single Egyptian Centre Experience. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2019; 12:401-408. [PMID: 31695469 PMCID: PMC6815214 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s216189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to define the clinical presentations, course and outcome of cholestasis in infants with Down syndrome (trisomy 21) who presented to the Pediatric Hepatology Clinic, New Children Hospital, Cairo University, Egypt. Methods Retrospective analysis of data of cohort of infants with Down syndrome and cholestasis who followed up during 2005-2015. Results Among 779 infants with cholestasis who presented during 2005-2015, 61 (7.8%) had Down syndrome. Six dropped out. Among the 55 who followed-up for a mean duration +SD = 12.1 ± 16.7 months, none had extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA), 37 (63.3%) had neonatal hepatitis and 18 (32.7%) had non-syndromic paucity of intrahepatic biliary radicals. Fourteen (25.4%) had associated congenital heart disease. Only 35 (63.3%) cleared the jaundice. Twenty-nine (52.7%) received ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA); of them, 13 cleared the jaundice, one improved, 14 progressed and one died, compared to 22 who cleared the jaundice of the 26 who did not receive UDCA. Only three of those who did not receive UDCA progressed and none died. UDCA carried a 3.4-fold risk of poor prognosis (p= 0.001). UDCA use was associated with more complications (p= 0.016) in those with Down syndrome and cholestasis. Conclusion We did not come across EHBA among neonates and infants with Down syndrome in 10 years. Non-syndromic paucity is associated with favorable outcome in infants with Down syndrome. UDCA use in cholestasis with Down syndrome is associated with poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magd A Kotb
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman Draz
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Christine Ws Basanti
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hesham M Abd Elkader
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haytham Esmat
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend Abd El Baky
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Sayed Mosallam
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Mircher C, Briceño LG, Toulas J, Conte M, Tanguy ML, Cieuta-Walti C, Rethore MO, Ravel A. Growth curves for French people with Down syndrome from birth to 20 years of age. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2685-2694. [PMID: 30569664 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We present new and complete growth charts for 2,598 healthy French children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) from 0 to 20 years old, obtained with highly reliable statistical methods. This study is retrospective and addresses data collected over a period of 12 years, monocentric and with a satisfactory representation of the population nationwide. Final occipito-frontal circumference (OFC) is at the fifth percentile compared to WHO charts, with a drop between 12 and 18 months. Final height is at the first percentile compared to WHO charts for girls and boys with two periods of reduced growth velocity: before 36 months and around puberty. We observed no pubertal growth peak for girls. For boys, pubertal growth peak showed to happen earlier and to be less significant than in the general population. When compared to a previous French study with people affected with DS, pubertal growth acceleration begins at a later age for girls and boys; girls in our study are taller at age 15 (+5 cm), but there is no difference for boys at this age. Overweight is more frequent compared to the typical French population. Mean body mass index (BMI) rises rapidly above the 75th percentile of typical French children as early as age 4, with an earlier age for precocious adiposity rebound. The second period for rapid increase of BMI is around 14 years old. When compared to a previous French study with DS, we did not observe any BMI increase, at least up to the age of 14.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura G Briceño
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
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Mircher C, Toulas J, Cieuta-Walti C, Marey I, Conte M, González Briceño L, Tanguy ML, Rethore MO, Ravel A. Anthropometric charts and congenital anomalies in newborns with Down syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2166-2175. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bertapelli F, Agiovlasitis S, Machado MR, do Val Roso R, Guerra-Junior G. Growth charts for Brazilian children with Down syndrome: Birth to 20 years of age. J Epidemiol 2017; 27:265-273. [PMID: 28320584 PMCID: PMC5463025 DOI: 10.1016/j.je.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growth of youth with Down syndrome (DS) differs from that of youth without DS, and growth charts specific to DS have been developed. However, little is known about the growth of Brazilian youth with DS. The objective of this study was to construct growth charts for Brazilian youth with DS and compare the growth data with the Child Growth Standards of the World Health Organization (WHO) and charts for children with DS from other studies. METHODS Mixed longitudinal and cross-sectional data were collected at University of Campinas, 48 specialized centers for people with intellectual disabilities, and two foundations for people with DS between 2012 and 2015. A total of 10,516 growth measurements from birth to 20 years of age were available from 938 youth with DS (53.7% boys) born between 1980 and 2013. The Lambda Mu Sigma method was applied to construct the curves using generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape. RESULTS Length/height-for-age, weight-for-age, and head circumference-for-age percentile curves were generated for Brazilian boys and girls from birth to 20 years of age. Differences in growth of Brazilian youth ranged from -0.8 to -3.2 z-scores compared to WHO standards, and -1.9 to +1.3 compared to children with DS in other studies. CONCLUSIONS These specific growth charts may guide clinicians and families in monitoring the growth of Brazilian children and adolescents with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bertapelli
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brazil; Growth and Development Lab, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil.
| | | | - Maira Rossmann Machado
- Growth and Development Lab, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Raísa do Val Roso
- Growth and Development Lab, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gil Guerra-Junior
- Growth and Development Lab, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
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Ergaz-Shaltiel Z, Engel O, Erlichman I, Naveh Y, Schimmel MS, Tenenbaum A. Neonatal characteristics and perinatal complications in neonates with Down syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1279-1286. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Offra Engel
- Down Syndrome Center; Hadassah Medical Center; Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center; Mount Scopus Jerusalem Israel
| | - Ira Erlichman
- Neonatology Department Hadassah Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Yaron Naveh
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | | | - Ariel Tenenbaum
- Down Syndrome Center; Hadassah Medical Center; Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center; Mount Scopus Jerusalem Israel
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Zaki ME, El-Bassyouni HT, Tosson AM, Youness E, Hussein J. Coenzyme Q10 and pro-inflammatory markers in children with Down syndrome: clinical and biochemical aspects. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Zaki ME, El-Bassyouni HT, Tosson AMS, Youness E, Hussein J. Coenzyme Q10 and pro-inflammatory markers in children with Down syndrome: clinical and biochemical aspects. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2017; 93:100-104. [PMID: 27770619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence of oxidative stress was reported in individuals with Down syndrome. There is a growing interest in the contribution of the immune system in Down syndrome. The aim of this study is to evaluate the coenzyme Q10 and selected pro-inflammatory markers such as interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α in children with Down syndrome. METHODS Eighty-six children (5-8 years of age) were enrolled in this case-control study from two public institutions. At the time of sampling, the patients and controls suffered from no acute or chronic illnesses and received no therapies or supplements. The levels of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, coenzyme Q10, fasting blood glucose, and intelligence quotient were measured. RESULTS Forty-three young Down syndrome children and forty-three controls were included over a period of eight months (January-August 2014). Compared with the control group, the Down syndrome patients showed significant increase in interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α (p=0.002), while coenzyme Q10 was significantly decreased (p=0.002). Also, body mass index and fasting blood glucose were significantly increased in patients. There was a significantly positive correlation between coenzyme Q10 and intelligence quotient levels, as well as between interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α. CONCLUSION Interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α levels in young children with Down syndrome may be used as biomarkers reflecting the neurodegenerative process in them. Coenzyme Q10 might have a role as a good supplement in young children with Down syndrome to ameliorate the neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushira E Zaki
- National Research Centre, Medical Research Division, Biological Anthropology Department, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala T El-Bassyouni
- National Research Centre, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Clinical Genetics Department, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Angie M S Tosson
- Cairo University, Faculty of Medicine, Pediatrics Department, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman Youness
- National Research Centre, Medical Research Division, Medical Biochemistry Department, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jihan Hussein
- National Research Centre, Medical Research Division, Medical Biochemistry Department, Cairo, Egypt
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El-Bassyouni HT, Afifi HH, Eid MM, Kamal RM, El-Gebali HH, El-Saeed G, Thomas MM, Abdel-Maksoud SA. Oxidative Stress -a Phenotypic Hallmark of Fanconi Anemia and Down Syndrome: The Effect of Antioxidants. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2015; 5:205-12. [PMID: 26097763 PMCID: PMC4455011 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.157511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of leukemia-prone diseases such as Fanconi anemia (FA) and Down syndrome (DS) Aim: To explore the oxidative stress state in children with DS and FA by estimating the levels of antioxidants (e.g., malondialdehyde [MDA], total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase [SOD] activity) and DNA damage, and to evaluate of the effect of antioxidant treatment on these patients. Subjects and methods The study included 32 children clinically diagnosed with (15 patients) and FA (17 patients) in addition to 17 controls matched for age and sex. MDA, total antioxidant capacity, SOD activity, and DNA damage were measured. Antioxidants including Vitamin A, E, and C were given to the patients according to the recommended daily allowance for 6 months. Clinical follow-up and re-evaluation were conducted for all patients. Laboratory tests including complete blood count, karyotyping, DNA damage, and oxidative stress were re-evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical computer program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 14.0. Results: Children with FA and DS had elevated levels of oxidative stress and more DNA damage than controls. Oxidative stress parameters and DNA damage improved in FA and DS patients after antioxidant administration. Conclusion: Early administration of antioxidants to FA and DS patients is recommended for slowing of the disease course with symptoms amelioration and improvement of general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T El-Bassyouni
- Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H H Afifi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M M Eid
- Department of Human Cytogenetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R M Kamal
- Institute of Postgraduate Childhood Studies, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H H El-Gebali
- Institute of Postgraduate Childhood Studies, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gsm El-Saeed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M M Thomas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S A Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Bertapelli F, Martin JESS, Gonçalves EM, de Oliveira Barbeta VJ, Guerra-Júnior G. Growth curves in Down syndrome: Implications for clinical practice. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 164A:844-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bertapelli
- Growth and Body Composition Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM); University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Juan Eduardo Samur-San Martin
- Growth and Body Composition Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM); University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ezequiel Moreira Gonçalves
- Growth and Body Composition Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM); University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Vinicius Justino de Oliveira Barbeta
- Growth and Body Composition Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM); University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Gil Guerra-Júnior
- Growth and Body Composition Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM); University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
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