1
|
Tuning between Nuclear Organization and Functionality in Health and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050706. [PMID: 36899842 PMCID: PMC10000962 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The organization of eukaryotic genome in the nucleus, a double-membraned organelle separated from the cytoplasm, is highly complex and dynamic. The functional architecture of the nucleus is confined by the layers of internal and cytoplasmic elements, including chromatin organization, nuclear envelope associated proteome and transport, nuclear-cytoskeletal contacts, and the mechano-regulatory signaling cascades. The size and morphology of the nucleus could impose a significant impact on nuclear mechanics, chromatin organization, gene expression, cell functionality and disease development. The maintenance of nuclear organization during genetic or physical perturbation is crucial for the viability and lifespan of the cell. Abnormal nuclear envelope morphologies, such as invagination and blebbing, have functional implications in several human disorders, including cancer, accelerated aging, thyroid disorders, and different types of neuro-muscular diseases. Despite the evident interplay between nuclear structure and nuclear function, our knowledge about the underlying molecular mechanisms for regulation of nuclear morphology and cell functionality during health and illness is rather poor. This review highlights the essential nuclear, cellular, and extracellular components that govern the organization of nuclei and functional consequences associated with nuclear morphometric aberrations. Finally, we discuss the recent developments with diagnostic and therapeutic implications targeting nuclear morphology in health and disease.
Collapse
|
2
|
Tüysüz B, Kasap B, Sarıtaş M, Alkaya DU, Bozlak S, Kıykım A, Durmaz A, Yıldırım T, Akpınar E, Apak H, Vural M. Natural history and genetic spectrum of the Turkish metaphyseal dysplasia cohort, including rare types caused by biallelic COL10A1, COL2A1, and LBR variants. Bone 2023; 167:116614. [PMID: 36400164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metaphyseal chondrodysplasias are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by short and bowed long bones and metaphyseal abnormality. The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic etiology and prognostic findings in patients with metaphyseal dysplasia. METHODS Twenty-four Turkish patients were included in this study and 13 of them were followed for 2-21 years. COL10A1, RMRP sequencing and whole exome sequencing were performed. RESULTS Results: Seven heterozygous pathogenic variants in COL10A1 were detected in 17 patients with Schmid type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia(MCDS). The phenotype was more severe in patients with heterozygous missense variants (one in signal peptide domain at the N-terminus of the protein, the other, class-1 group mutation at NC1 domain) compared to the patients with truncating variants. Short stature and coxa vara deformity appeared after 3 and 5 years of age, respectively, while large femoral head resolved after the age of 13 years in MCDS group. Interestingly, one patient with severe phenotype also had a biallelic missense variant in NC1 domain of COL10A1. Three patients with biallelic mutations in RMRP had prenatal onset short stature with short limb, and typical findings of cartilage hair hypoplasia (CHH). While immunodeficiency or recurrent infections were not observed, resistant congenital anemia was detected in one. Biallelic mutation in LBR was described in a patient with prenatal onset short stature, short and curved limb and metaphyseal abnormalities. Unlike previously reported patients, this patient had ectodermal findings, similar to CHH. A biallelic COL2A1 mutation was also found in the patient with lower limb deformities and metaphyseal involvement without vertebral and epiphyseal changes. CONCLUSION Long-term clinical characteristics are presented in a metaphyseal dysplasia cohort, including rare types caused by biallelic COL10A1, COL2A1, and LBR variants. We also point out that the domains where mutations on COL10A1 take place are important in the genotype-phenotype relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beyhan Tüysüz
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Büşra Kasap
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Genetics, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Sarıtaş
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Genetics, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Uludağ Alkaya
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Bozlak
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayça Kıykım
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asude Durmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Timur Yıldırım
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Baltalimani Bone Diseases Training and Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evren Akpınar
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Baltalimani Bone Diseases Training and Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Apak
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Vural
- Department of Neonatology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shen X, Li Z, Pan X, Yao J, Shen G, Zhang S, Dong M, Fan L. Prenatal diagnosis of recurrent moderate skeletal dysplasias in lamin B receptors. Front Genet 2023; 13:1020475. [PMID: 36712868 PMCID: PMC9883016 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1020475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The lamin B receptor (LBR) gene is located in chromosome 1q42.12 and encodes the lamin B receptor, an intracellular protein that binds to lamin B. LBR mutations are associated with a broad phenotypic spectrum ranging from non-lethal to lethal skeletal dysplasias. The typical phenotypes include the Pelger-Huet anomaly (PHA) and embryonic lethal Greenberg dysplasia (GRBGD). With the further study of this gene, other phenotypes have been found in different individuals. This retrospective study analyzed recurrent prenatal moderate skeletal dysplasias in Chinese fetuses. Nothing malformed was detected in the fetal karyotype and microarray, while the whole-exome sequencing identified a homozygous variant (NM_002296.4:c.1757G>A, NP_002287.2:p.Arg586His) in exon 14 of the LBR gene in both fetuses. Mutation analysis in the parents confirmed that the c.1757G>A variation is heterozygous by Sanger sequencing. Intensive analysis on bioinformatics and familial co-segregation suggest that the homozygous variation in the LBR gene is responsible for this recurrent prenatal moderate skeletal dysplasia. Moreover, moderate skeletal dysplasias differ from typical GRBGD phenotypes. Our findings are based on the DNA base test and the prenatal diagnosis of skeletal dysplasia, which can be helpful in proper phenotyping and contribute to a better understanding of the correlation between the phenotype and genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Shen
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Xuekui Pan
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Juan Yao
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Guosong Shen
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Minyue Dong
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Huzhou, China,*Correspondence: Lihong Fan,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thomas Q, Motta M, Gautier T, Zaki MS, Ciolfi A, Paccaud J, Girodon F, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Besnard T, Kerkhof J, McConkey H, Masson A, Denommé-Pichon AS, Cogné B, Trochu E, Vignard V, El It F, Rodan LH, Alkhateeb MA, Jamra RA, Duplomb L, Tisserant E, Duffourd Y, Bruel AL, Jackson A, Banka S, McEntagart M, Saggar A, Gleeson JG, Sievert D, Bae H, Lee BH, Kwon K, Seo GH, Lee H, Saeed A, Anjum N, Cheema H, Alawbathani S, Khan I, Pinto-Basto J, Teoh J, Wong J, Sahari UBM, Houlden H, Zhelcheska K, Pannetier M, Awad MA, Lesieur-Sebellin M, Barcia G, Amiel J, Delanne J, Philippe C, Faivre L, Odent S, Bertoli-Avella A, Thauvin C, Sadikovic B, Reversade B, Maroofian R, Govin J, Tartaglia M, Vitobello A. Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in TMEM147 cause moderate to profound intellectual disability with facial dysmorphism and pseudo-Pelger-Huët anomaly. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1909-1922. [PMID: 36044892 PMCID: PMC9606387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane protein TMEM147 has a dual function: first at the nuclear envelope, where it anchors lamin B receptor (LBR) to the inner membrane, and second at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it facilitates the translation of nascent polypeptides within the ribosome-bound TMCO1 translocon complex. Through international data sharing, we identified 23 individuals from 15 unrelated families with bi-allelic TMEM147 loss-of-function variants, including splice-site, nonsense, frameshift, and missense variants. These affected children displayed congruent clinical features including coarse facies, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and behavioral problems. In silico structural analyses predicted disruptive consequences of the identified amino acid substitutions on translocon complex assembly and/or function, and in vitro analyses documented accelerated protein degradation via the autophagy-lysosomal-mediated pathway. Furthermore, TMEM147-deficient cells showed CKAP4 (CLIMP-63) and RTN4 (NOGO) upregulation with a concomitant reorientation of the ER, which was also witnessed in primary fibroblast cell culture. LBR mislocalization and nuclear segmentation was observed in primary fibroblast cells. Abnormal nuclear segmentation and chromatin compaction were also observed in approximately 20% of neutrophils, indicating the presence of a pseudo-Pelger-Huët anomaly. Finally, co-expression analysis revealed significant correlation with neurodevelopmental genes in the brain, further supporting a role of TMEM147 in neurodevelopment. Our findings provide clinical, genetic, and functional evidence that bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in TMEM147 cause syndromic intellectual disability due to ER-translocon and nuclear organization dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Thomas
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.
| | - Marialetizia Motta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Thierry Gautier
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Julien Paccaud
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - François Girodon
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Biology Division, Department of Biological Hematology, Dijon Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- Université Paris Cité, UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, Inserm, 75019 Paris, France; Service de Neuropédiatrie, reference center for leukodystrophies, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Besnard
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, l'Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jennifer Kerkhof
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Haley McConkey
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Aymeric Masson
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Benjamin Cogné
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, l'Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Eva Trochu
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Vignard
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, l'Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Fatima El It
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Lance H Rodan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laurence Duplomb
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Emilie Tisserant
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Yannis Duffourd
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Adam Jackson
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Meriel McEntagart
- Medical Genetics, St George's University Hospitals NHS FT, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Anand Saggar
- Medical Genetics, St George's University Hospitals NHS FT, London SW17 0RE, UK; The Portland Hospital, 205-209 Great Portland St, London W1W 5AH, UK
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David Sievert
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Bae
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Hane Lee
- 3billion, Inc, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Anjum Saeed
- Children's Hospital and University of Child Health Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Anjum
- Children's Hospital and University of Child Health Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Huma Cheema
- Children's Hospital and University of Child Health Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Joyce Teoh
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jasmine Wong
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Umar Bin Mohamad Sahari
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Kristina Zhelcheska
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Melanie Pannetier
- Service d'Hématologie cellulaire et hémostase bioclinique, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Mona A Awad
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marion Lesieur-Sebellin
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker-Enfant Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Barcia
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker-Enfant Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker-Enfant Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Julian Delanne
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Centre de Référence maladies rares « Anomalies du Développement et syndromes malformatifs », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Philippe
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Centre de Référence maladies rares « Anomalies du Développement et syndromes malformatifs », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre Référence Anomalies du Développement CLAD Ouest, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France; Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS Inserm UMR 6290, ERL 1305, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | - Christel Thauvin
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Centre de référence maladies rares « déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore, Singapore; Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey; Smart-Health Initiative, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Jérôme Govin
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Vitobello
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Genetic architecture of band neutrophil fraction in Iceland. Commun Biol 2022; 5:525. [PMID: 35650273 PMCID: PMC9160026 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristic lobulated nuclear morphology of granulocytes is partially determined by composition of nuclear envelope proteins. Abnormal nuclear morphology is primarily observed as an increased number of hypolobulated immature neutrophils, called band cells, during infection or in rare envelopathies like Pelger-Huët anomaly. To search for sequence variants affecting nuclear morphology of granulocytes, we performed a genome-wide association study using band neutrophil fraction from 88,101 Icelanders. We describe 13 sequence variants affecting band neutrophil fraction at nine loci. Five of the variants are at the Lamin B receptor (LBR) locus, encoding an inner nuclear membrane protein. Mutations in LBR are linked to Pelger-Huët anomaly. In addition, we identify cosegregation of a rare stop-gain sequence variant in LBR and Pelger Huët anomaly in an Icelandic eight generation pedigree, initially reported in 1963. Two of the other loci include genes which, like LBR, play a role in the nuclear membrane function and integrity. These GWAS results highlight the role proteins of the inner nuclear membrane have as important for neutrophil nuclear morphology. A GWAS in Iceland reveals that variants in inner nuclear membrane proteins are associated with nuclear morphology of granulocytes and band neutrophil fraction.
Collapse
|
6
|
Pawar S, Kutay U. The Diverse Cellular Functions of Inner Nuclear Membrane Proteins. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a040477. [PMID: 33753404 PMCID: PMC8411953 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear compartment is delimited by a specialized expanded sheet of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) known as the nuclear envelope (NE). Compared to the outer nuclear membrane and the contiguous peripheral ER, the inner nuclear membrane (INM) houses a unique set of transmembrane proteins that serve a staggering range of functions. Many of these functions reflect the exceptional position of INM proteins at the membrane-chromatin interface. Recent research revealed that numerous INM proteins perform crucial roles in chromatin organization, regulation of gene expression, genome stability, and mediation of signaling pathways into the nucleus. Other INM proteins establish mechanical links between chromatin and the cytoskeleton, help NE remodeling, or contribute to the surveillance of NE integrity and homeostasis. As INM proteins continue to gain prominence, we review these advancements and give an overview on the functional versatility of the INM proteome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Pawar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Kutay
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Turgut GT, Güleç Ç, Sarac Sivrikoz T, Kale H, Karaman B, Nishimura G, Altunoglu U. Antenatal diagnostic dilemma in a pseudodominant pedigree with lamin-B receptor (LBR)-related regressive spondylometaphyseal dysplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:253-258. [PMID: 34467646 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The lamin-B receptor (LBR) encodes a dual-functioning inner nuclear membrane protein essential for cholesterol biosynthesis and chromatin organization. LBR pathogenic variants cause distinct phenotypes due to the dual function of LBR, including Pelger-Huët anomaly (PHA), PHA with mild skeletal anomalies (PHASK; MIM# 618019), LBR-related regressive type of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (LBR-R-SMD), Greenberg dysplasia (MIM# 215140). We here report the first case with radiological manifestations of LBR-R-SMD in the fetal period, and milder skeletal findings in the similarly affected father. Direct sequencing of LBR revealed homozygous c.1534C>T (p.Arg512Trp) in exon 12 in both affected individuals. Our report further refines the early phenotype in LBR-R-SMD, and demonstrates that the p.Arg512Trp mutation is associated with PHA. We propose that LBR-R-SMD should be considered as a differential diagnosis in pregnancies with sonographic evidence of short and bowed tubular bones with narrow thorax. Evaluating peripheral blood smears of expectant parents for the presence of PHA may lead to a clinical diagnosis, allowing for comprehensive prenatal genetic counseling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Tutku Turgut
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Çağrı Güleç
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Sarac Sivrikoz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hamdi Kale
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Birsen Karaman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pediatric Basic Sciences, Institute of Child Health, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Center for Intractable Diseases, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Genetics, Koc University School of Medicine (KUSOM), Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Protean Regulation of Leukocyte Function by Nuclear Lamins. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:323-335. [PMID: 33653660 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The leukocyte nucleus must be sufficiently elastic to squeeze through tissue barriers during migration, but not so collapsible as to risk damaging chromatin. The proper balance is struck in part by the composition of the nuclear lamina, a flexible meshwork composed mainly of intermediate filaments woven from type A and type B lamin proteins, that is located subjacent to the inner nuclear membrane. There is now increasing evidence that, in addition to influencing nuclear shape and stiffness and cell migration, lamins and lamin-interacting proteins may also interact functionally with chromatin to influence leukocyte gene expression, differentiation, and effector function, including T cell differentiation, B cell somatic hypermutation, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis).
Collapse
|
9
|
Collins M, Miranda V, Rousseau J, Kratz LE, Campeau PM. A homozygous variant in the Lamin B receptor gene LBR results in a non-lethal skeletal dysplasia without Pelger-Huët anomaly. Bone 2020; 141:115601. [PMID: 32827848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lamin B receptor, a member of the sterol reductase family, is an inner nuclear membrane protein which binds lamin B proteins and is involved in the organization of heterochromatin. Mutations in LBR have been associated with a variety of disorders, such as Pelger-Huët anomaly, a benign abnormality affecting neutrophils, and Greenberg Dysplasia, a lethal condition in the perinatal period. We identified a homozygous LBR missense mutation (NM_002296.4: c.1366C > G, p.(Leu456Val)) in two adult sisters with a Lamin B receptor-related disorder associated with a skeletal dysplasia milder than Greenberg Dysplasia. Individual 1 has short stature with short limbs (mostly rhizomelic for the upper extremities, and mesomelic for the lower extremities), limited elbow extension. She required Achilles tenotomy, and does not have facial dysmorphisms. Individual 2 has similar skeletal features, but also has bowed femurs, osteopenia, spastic paraplegia of the lower limbs, equinovarus feet, a single kidney, neurogenic bladder, obstructive hydronephrosis, scoliosis and syndactyly of the toes. This report provides additional evidence of variability for Lamin B receptor-related disorders associated with a non-lethal skeletal dysplasia without Pelger-Huët anomaly. We describe a novel pathogenic variant that has not been previously associated with disease and demonstrate the effect of this variant on sterol C14-reductase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meagan Collins
- CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Valancy Miranda
- Medical Genetics Division, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Justine Rousseau
- CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lisa E Kratz
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Medical Genetics Division, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gregersen PA, McKay V, Walsh M, Brown E, McGillivray G, Savarirayan R. A new case of Greenberg dysplasia and literature review suggest that Greenberg dysplasia, dappled diaphyseal dysplasia, and Astley-Kendall dysplasia are allelic disorders. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1173. [PMID: 32304187 PMCID: PMC7284023 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greenberg dysplasia is a rare, autosomal recessive, prenatal lethal bone dysplasia caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the lamin B receptor (LBR) gene. Pathogenic variants in LBR are also associated with Pelger-Huët anomaly, an autosomal dominant benign abnormality of the nuclear shape and chromatin organization of blood granulocytes, and Pelger-Huët anomaly with variable skeletal anomalies, a mild, regressing to moderate-severe autosomal recessive condition. Conditions with abnormal sterol metabolism and different genetic basis have clinical and radiographic features similar to Greenberg dysplasia, for example X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata, Conradi-Hünermann type, and CHILD syndrome, and other conditions with unknown genetic etiology display very similar features, for example, dappled diaphyseal dysplasia and Astley-Kendall dysplasia. METHODS We present a fetus with typical clinical and radiographic features of Greenberg dysplasia, and review the literature. RESULTS Genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis Greenberg dysplasia: homozygosity for a pathogenic variant in LBR. CONCLUSION Comparing the clinical and radiographic phenotypes of Greenberg dysplasia, dappled diaphyseal dysplasia, and Astley-Kendall dysplasia, we suggest that these are allelic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pernille A. Gregersen
- Department of Clinical GeneticsAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
- Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineCentre for Rare DiseasesAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
- Victorian Clinical Genetics ServicesThe Royal Children’s HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Victoria McKay
- Department of Clinical GeneticsMerseyside and Cheshire Regional Clinical Genetics ServiceLiverpool Women’s NHS Foundation TrustLiverpoolUK
| | - Maie Walsh
- Victorian Clinical Genetics ServicesThe Royal Children’s HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics ServicesRoyal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Erica Brown
- Victorian Clinical Genetics ServicesRoyal Women’s HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - George McGillivray
- Victorian Clinical Genetics ServicesThe Royal Children’s HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics ServicesRoyal Women’s HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Ravi Savarirayan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics ServicesThe Royal Children’s HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Atla B, Padmapriya B, Kartheek BVS, Bodhireddy S. Pelger-Huet anomaly: A Rare case report. JOURNAL OF DR. NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jdrntruhs.jdrntruhs_23_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
12
|
McGlaughon JL, Goldstein JL, Thaxton C, Hemphill SE, Berg JS. The progression of the ClinGen gene clinical validity classification over time. Hum Mutat 2019; 39:1494-1504. [PMID: 30311372 PMCID: PMC6190678 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In order for ClinGen to maintain up-to-date gene-disease clinical validity classifications for use by clinicians and clinical laboratories, an appropriate timeline for reevaluating curated gene-disease associations will need to be determined. To provide guidance on how often a gene-disease association should be recurated, a retrospective analysis of 30 gene curations was performed. Curations were simulated at one-year intervals starting with the year of the first publication to assert disease-causing variants in the gene to observe trends in the classification over time, as well as factors that influenced changes in classification. On average, gene-disease associations spent the least amount of time in the "Moderate" classification before progressing to "Strong" or "Definitive." In contrast, gene-disease associations that spent five or more years in the "Limited" classification were most likely to remain "Limited" or become "Disputed/Refuted." Large population datasets contributed to the reclassification of several gene-disease associations from "Limited" to "Disputed/Refuted." Finally, recent advancements in sequencing technology correlated with an increase in the quantity of case-level evidence that was curated per paper. This study provided a number of key points to consider when determining how often to recurate a gene-disease association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L McGlaughon
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer L Goldstein
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Courtney Thaxton
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sarah E Hemphill
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan S Berg
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Radha Rama Devi A, Ganapathy A, Mannan AU, Sabharanjak S, Naushad SM. 1q42.12q42.2 Deletion in a Child with Midline Defects and Hypoplasia of the Corpus Callosum. Mol Syndromol 2019; 10:161-166. [PMID: 31191205 DOI: 10.1159/000496079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 1q42.12q42.2 deletions are documented as "disease causing" and show overlapping phenotypes depending on the genes involved in the deletion. In this report, we detected a 5.8-Mb deletion encompassing the chromosome 1q42.12q42.2 region in a 4-year-old boy with hypoplastic corpus callosum, epilepsy, developmental delay, microcephaly, cataract, cleft palate, and skeletal changes. The deletion was de novo. Genotype-phenotype correlations suggest that the major features of 1q42.12q42.2 microdeletion were attributed to the genes with a high probability of loss-of-function intolerance score in this deletion, namely LBR, ENAH, ACBD3, LIN9, ITPKB, CDC42BPA, ARF1, TAF5L, GALNT2, SPRTN, and EGLN1 along with GNPAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aparna Ganapathy
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ashraf U Mannan
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Shefali Sabharanjak
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Shaik M Naushad
- Sandor Speciality Diagnostics Pvt Ltd, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Thompson E, Abdalla E, Superti-Furga A, McAlister W, Kratz L, Unger S, Royer-Bertrand B, Campos-Xavier B, Mittaz-Crettol L, Amin AK, DeSanto C, Wilson DB, Douglas G, Kozel B, Shinawi M. Lamin B receptor-related disorder is associated with a spectrum of skeletal dysplasia phenotypes. Bone 2019; 120:354-363. [PMID: 30448303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
LBR (Lamin B Receptor) encodes a bifunctional protein important for cholesterol biosynthesis and heterochromatin organization on the inner nuclear membrane. Pathogenic variants in LBR are associated with marked phenotypic variability, ranging from the benign Pelger-Huët anomaly to lethal Greenberg Dysplasia. We performed trio exome sequencing (ES) on two patients with atypical variants of skeletal dysplasia and their unaffected parents. Patient 1 exhibited frontal bossing, mid-face hypoplasia, short stature with rhizomelic limb shortening, and relative macrocephaly at birth. Although remained short, Patient 1 later showed spontaneous improvement in her skeletal findings. Exome sequencing revealed two novel variants in LBR, c.1504C > G (p.Arg502Gly) in exon 12 and c.1748G > T (p.Arg583Leu) in exon 14, which were inherited from her unaffected father and mother, respectively. Sterol analysis revealed an increased level of cholesta‑8,14‑dien‑3β‑ol to 2.9% of total sterols, consistent with a functional deficiency of 3β‑hydroxysterol Δ14‑reductase. Patient 2 presented at birth with short stature and marked rhizomelic limb shortening but later exhibited decreasing severity of shortening of the long bones and improvement in the radiographic skeletal abnormalities although he continued to be significantly short at age 10 years. Exome sequencing revealed that Patient 2 is homozygous for a pathogenic variant c.1534C > T (p.Arg512Trp) in exon 12 of LBR, which was inherited from his unaffected consanguineous parents. This report provides further evidence for a phenotypic spectrum of LBR-associated disorders and expands the genotypic spectrum by describing 3 novel disease-causing variants that have not been previously associated with a disease. Moreover, our data on Patient 1 demonstrate that variants throughout the gene appear to influence both the sterol reductase and nuclear functions of LBR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ebtesam Abdalla
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - William McAlister
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology at St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lisa Kratz
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheila Unger
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Beryl Royer-Bertrand
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Belinda Campos-Xavier
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laureane Mittaz-Crettol
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Asmaa K Amin
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Cori DeSanto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David B Wilson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Beth Kozel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Giorgio E, Sirchia F, Bosco M, Sobreira NLM, Grosso E, Brussino A, Brusco A. A novel case of Greenberg dysplasia and genotype-phenotype correlation analysis for LBR pathogenic variants: An instructive example of one gene-multiple phenotypes. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:306-311. [PMID: 30561119 PMCID: PMC6349533 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Greenberg skeletal dysplasia is an autosomal recessive, perinatal lethal disorder associated with biallelic variants affecting the lamin B receptor (LBR) gene. LBR is also associated with the autosomal recessive anadysplasia-like spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, and the autosomal dominant Pelger-Huët anomaly, a benign laminopathy characterized by anomalies in the nuclear shape of blood granulocytes. The LBR is an inner nuclear membrane protein that binds lamin B proteins (LMNB1 and LMNB2), interacts with chromatin, and exerts a sterol reductase activity. Here, we report on a novel LBR missense variant [c.1379A>G; p.(D460R)], identified by whole exome sequencing and causing Greenberg dysplasia in two fetuses from a consanguineous Moroccan family. We revised published LBR variants to propose a genotype-phenotype correlation in LBR associated diseases. The diverse phenotypes are correlated to the functional domain affected, the heterozygous or homozygous state of the variants, and their different impact on the residual protein function. LBR represents an instructive example of one gene presenting with two different patterns of inheritance and at least three different clinical phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giorgio
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Sirchia
- University of Trieste, IRCCS Burlo Garofalo, Department of Advanced Diagnostic and Clinical Trials Institute for Maternal Child Health, Trieste, Italy
| | - Martino Bosco
- San Lazzaro Hospital, Pathological Anatomy and Histology unit, Alba, Italy
| | - Nara Lygia M. Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Enrico Grosso
- Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Medical Genetics Unit, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Brusco
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Torino, Italy
- Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Medical Genetics Unit, Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wehrle A, Witkos TM, Schneider JC, Hoppmann A, Behringer S, Köttgen A, Elting M, Spranger J, Lowe M, Lausch E. A common pathomechanism in GMAP-210- and LBR-related diseases. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121150. [PMID: 30518689 PMCID: PMC6328090 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in TRIP11, encoding the golgin GMAP-210, cause the lethal human chondrodysplasia achondrogenesis 1A (ACG1A). We now find that a homozygous splice-site mutation of the lamin B receptor (LBR) gene results in the same phenotype. Intrigued by the genetic heterogeneity, we compared GMAP-210- and LBR-deficient primary cells to unravel how particular mutations in LBR cause a phenocopy of ACG1A. We could exclude a regulatory interaction between LBR and GMAP-210 in patients' cells. However, we discovered a common disruption of Golgi apparatus architecture that was accompanied by decreased secretory trafficking in both cases. Deficiency of Golgi-dependent glycan processing indicated a similar downstream effect of the disease-causing mutations upon Golgi function. Unexpectedly, our results thus point to a common pathogenic mechanism in GMAP-210- and LBR-related diseases attributable to defective secretory trafficking at the Golgi apparatus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anika Wehrle
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz M. Witkos
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Judith C. Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anselm Hoppmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sidney Behringer
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mariet Elting
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Spranger
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Lowe
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ekkehart Lausch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Manley HR, Keightley MC, Lieschke GJ. The Neutrophil Nucleus: An Important Influence on Neutrophil Migration and Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2867. [PMID: 30564248 PMCID: PMC6288403 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil nuclear morphology has historically been used in haematology for neutrophil identification and characterisation, but its exact role in neutrophil function has remained enigmatic. During maturation, segmentation of the neutrophil nucleus into its mature, multi-lobulated shape is accompanied by distinct changes in nuclear envelope composition, resulting in a unique nucleus that is believed to be imbued with extraordinary nuclear flexibility. As a rate-limiting factor for cell migration, nuclear morphology and biomechanics are particularly important in the context of neutrophil migration during immune responses. Being an extremely plastic and fast migrating cell type, it is to be expected that neutrophils have an especially deformable nucleus. However, many questions still surround the dynamic capacities of the neutrophil nucleus, and which nuclear and cytoskeletal elements determine these dynamics. The biomechanics of the neutrophil nucleus should also be considered for their influences on the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), given this process sees the release of chromatin "nets" from nucleoplasm to extracellular space. Although past studies have investigated neutrophil nuclear composition and shape, in a new era of more sophisticated biomechanical and genetic techniques, 3D migration studies, and higher resolution microscopy we now have the ability to further investigate and understand neutrophil nuclear plasticity at an unprecedented level. This review addresses what is currently understood about neutrophil nuclear structure and its role in migration and the release of NETs, whilst highlighting open questions surrounding neutrophil nuclear dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harriet R Manley
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Graham J Lieschke
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang W, Taylor SP, Ennis HA, Forlenza KN, Duran I, Li B, Sanchez JAO, Nevarez L, Nickerson DA, Bamshad M, Lachman RS, Krakow D, Cohn DH. Expanding the genetic architecture and phenotypic spectrum in the skeletal ciliopathies. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:152-166. [PMID: 29068549 PMCID: PMC6198324 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Defects in the biosynthesis and/or function of primary cilia cause a spectrum of disorders collectively referred to as ciliopathies. A subset of these disorders is distinguished by profound abnormalities of the skeleton that include a long narrow chest with markedly short ribs, extremely short limbs, and polydactyly. These include the perinatal lethal short-rib polydactyly syndromes (SRPS) and the less severe asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), Ellis-van Creveld (EVC) syndrome, and cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED) phenotypes. To identify new genes and define the spectrum of mutations in the skeletal ciliopathies, we analyzed 152 unrelated families with SRPS, ATD, and EVC. Causal variants were discovered in 14 genes in 120 families, including one newly associated gene and two genes previously associated with other ciliopathies. These three genes encode components of three different ciliary complexes; FUZ, which encodes a planar cell polarity complex molecule; TRAF3IP1, which encodes an anterograde ciliary transport protein; and LBR, which encodes a nuclear membrane protein with sterol reductase activity. The results established the molecular basis of SRPS type IV, in which mutations were identified in four different ciliary genes. The data provide systematic insight regarding the genotypes associated with a large cohort of these genetically heterogeneous phenotypes and identified new ciliary components required for normal skeletal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - S Paige Taylor
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hayley A Ennis
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kimberly N Forlenza
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jorge A Ortiz Sanchez
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lisette Nevarez
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ralph S Lachman
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nikolakaki E, Mylonis I, Giannakouros T. Lamin B Receptor: Interplay between Structure, Function and Localization. Cells 2017; 6:cells6030028. [PMID: 28858257 PMCID: PMC5617974 DOI: 10.3390/cells6030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamin B receptor (LBR) is an integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane, containing a hydrophilic N-terminal end protruding into the nucleoplasm, eight hydrophobic segments that span the membrane and a short, nucleoplasmic C-terminal tail. Two seemingly unrelated functions have been attributed to LBR. Its N-terminal domain tethers heterochromatin to the nuclear periphery, thus contributing to the shape of interphase nuclear architecture, while its transmembrane domains exhibit sterol reductase activity. Mutations within the transmembrane segments result in defects in cholesterol synthesis and are associated with diseases such as the Pelger–Huët anomaly and Greenberg skeletal dysplasia, whereas no such harmful mutations related to the anchoring properties of LBR have been reported so far. Recent evidence suggests a dynamic regulation of LBR expression levels, structural organization, localization and function, in response to various signals. The molecular mechanisms underlying this dynamic behavior have not yet been fully unraveled. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the interplay between the structure, function and localization of LBR, and hint at the interconnection of the two distinct functions of LBR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Nikolakaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotelian University, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
| | - Ilias Mylonis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Panepistimiou 3 BIOPOLIS, Larissa 41500, Greece.
| | - Thomas Giannakouros
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotelian University, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
He J, Xie Y, Kong S, Qiu W, Wang X, Wang D, Sun X, Sun D. Psychomotor retardation with a 1q42.11-q42.12 deletion. Hereditas 2017; 154:6. [PMID: 28286461 PMCID: PMC5340030 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-016-0022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A 1q42 deletion is a rare structure variation that commonly harbours various deletion breakpoints along with diversified phenotypes. In our study, we found a de novo 1q42 deletion in a boy who did not have a cleft palate or a congenital diaphragmatic hernia but presented with psychomotor retardation. A 1.9 Mb deletion located within 1q42.11-q42.12 was validated at the molecular cytogenetic level. This is the first report of a 1q42.11-q42.12 deletion in a patient with onlypsychomotor retardation. The precise break points could facilitate the discovery of potential causative genes, such as LBR, EPHX1, etc. The correlation between the psychomotor retardation and the underlying genetic factors could not only shed light on the diagnosis of psychomotor retardation at the genetic level but also provide potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialing He
- Experimental Animal Center, Research Institute for National Health and Family Planning Commission, Tai hui temple road, NO. 12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjun Xie
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Shu Kong
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Wenjun Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Xiaoman Wang
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Ding Wang
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Deming Sun
- Experimental Animal Center, Research Institute for National Health and Family Planning Commission, Tai hui temple road, NO. 12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ayan MS, Abdelrahman AAM, Khanal N, Elsallabi OS, Birch NC. Case of acquired or pseudo-Pelger-Huët anomaly. Oxf Med Case Reports 2015; 2015:248-50. [PMID: 26634137 PMCID: PMC4664885 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omv025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelger-Huët anomaly (PHA) is a rare benign autosomal-dominant anomaly with an incidence of ∼1 in 6000. It does not cause neutrophilia, but it can cause a false increase in band forms. It should be differentiated from acquired or pseudo-Pelger-Huët anomaly (PPHA), which has similar morphology, however; it is associated with different pathological states like Myelodysplastic syndrome, as well as with certain infections and drugs. We report a case of a 67-year-old Caucasian gentleman with past medical history of rheumatoid arthritis, type II diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism, who presented with 1 day history of fever (101°F) and night sweats. Medications include ibuprofen, methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine and levothyroxine. Patient denied any other symptoms. His work-up showed normal WBC count (8.6) and increase in bands (24%). The patient was admitted for further evaluation. During the next 2 days, the patient did not have any fever or any new symptoms. Peripheral blood smear was done as part of his work-up for bandemia, showed findings suggestive of PHA. Ibuprofen was discontinued. Follow-up few weeks later showed normal blood smear. Diagnosis of PPHA was made. The presented case showed that we should think of PHA\PPHA in any case with normal total WBC count and significant shift to the lift with no apparent explanation. Looking at smears directly under the microscopes is crucial to make diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Ayan
- Internal Medicine Department , Creighton University Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
| | | | - Nabin Khanal
- Internal Medicine Department , Creighton University Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
| | - Osama S Elsallabi
- Internal Medicine Department , Creighton University Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
| | - Nathan C Birch
- Internal Medicine Department , Creighton University Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Radiographic features of the skeleton in disorders of post-squalene cholesterol biosynthesis. Pediatr Radiol 2015; 45:965-76. [PMID: 25646736 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-014-3257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of post-squalene cholesterol biosynthesis are inborn errors of metabolism characterised by multiple congenital abnormalities, including significant skeletal involvement. The most frequent and best-characterised example is the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Nine other disorders are known, namely autosomal-recessive Antley-Bixler syndrome, Greenberg dysplasia, X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata, X-linked recessive male emopamil-binding protein deficiency, CHILD syndrome, CK syndrome, sterol C4 methyloxidase-like deficiency, desmosterolosis and lathosterolosis. This study provides an overview of the radiologic features observed in these diseases. A common pattern of limb abnormalities is recognisable, including polydactyly, which is typically post-axial and rarely interdigital and can involve all four limbs, and syndactyly of the toes. Chondrodysplasia punctata is specifically associated with a subgroup of disorders of cholesterol biosynthesis (Greenberg dysplasia, CHILD syndrome, X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata, male emopamil-binding protein deficiency). The possible occurrence of epiphyseal stippling in the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, initially reported, does not appear to be confirmed. Stippling is also associated with other congenital disorders such as chromosomal abnormalities, brachytelephalangic chondrodysplasia punctata (X-linked recessive chondrodysplasia punctata, disruptions of vitamin K metabolism, maternal autoimmune diseases), rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (peroxisomal disorders) and lysosomal storage disorders. In the differential diagnosis of epiphyseal stippling, a moth-eaten appearance of bones, asymmetry, or presence of a common pattern of limb abnormalities indicate inborn errors of cholesterol biosynthesis. We highlight the specific differentiating radiologic features of disorders of post-squalene cholesterol biosynthesis.
Collapse
|
23
|
Sobreira N, Modaff P, Steel G, You J, Nanda S, Hoover-Fong J, Valle D, Pauli RM. An anadysplasia-like, spontaneously remitting spondylometaphyseal dysplasia secondary to lamin B receptor (LBR) gene mutations: further definition of the phenotypic heterogeneity of LBR-bone dysplasias. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:159-63. [PMID: 25348816 PMCID: PMC4882113 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We describe a boy who has an anadysplasia-like spondylometaphyseal dysplasia. By whole exome sequencing he was shown to have compound heterozygous mutations of LBR that codes for the lamin B receptor. He shares many similarities with a case previously described, but in whom the early natural history could not be established [Borovik et al., 2013]. Thus, in addition to Greenberg dysplasia (a perinatal lethal disorder), homozygosity or compound heterozygosity of mutations in LBR can result in a mild, spontaneously regressing bone dysplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nara Sobreira
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peggy Modaff
- Midwest Regional Bone Dysplasia Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Gary Steel
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jing You
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Julie Hoover-Fong
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Valle
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard M Pauli
- Midwest Regional Bone Dysplasia Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|