1
|
Zhang Y, Yin XL, Ji M, Chen Y, Chai Z. Decoupling the dynamic mechanism revealed by FGFR2 mutation-induced population shift. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1940-1951. [PMID: 37254996 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2217924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is a key component in cellular signaling networks, and its dysfunctional activation has been implicated in various diseases including cancer and developmental disorders. Mutations at the activation loop (A-loop) have been suggested to trigger an increased basal kinase activity. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this highly dynamic process has not been fully understood due to the limitation of static structural information. Here, we conducted multiple, large-scale Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics simulations of five (K659E, K659N, K659M, K659Q, and K659T) FGFR2 mutants at the A-loop, and comprehensively analyzed the dynamic molecular basis of FGFR2 activation. The results quantified the population shift of each system, revealing that all mutants had a higher proportion of active-like states. Using Markov state models, we extracted the representative structure of different conformational states and identified key residues related to the increased kinase activity. Furthermore, community network analysis showed enhanced information connections in the mutants, highlighting the long-range allosteric communication between the A-loop and the hinge region. Our findings may provide insights into the dynamic mechanism for FGFR2 dysfunctional activation and allosteric drug discovery.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhang
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Yin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai 411 Hospital, China RongTong Medical Healthcare Group Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingfei Ji
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound interventional, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongtao Chai
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Topa A, Rohlin A, Andersson MK, Fehr A, Lovmar L, Stenman G, Kölby L. The outcome of targeted NGS screening in patients with syndromic forms of sagittal and pansynostosis - IL11RA is an emerging core-gene for pansynostosis. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104476. [PMID: 35331937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Here, we have studied the prevalence and spectrum of genetic alterations in syndromic forms of sagittal and pansynostosis. Eighteen patients with sagittal synostosis (isolated or combined with other synostoses, except coronal) or pansynostosis were phenotypically assessed by retrospective analysis of medical records, three-dimensional computed tomography skull reconstructions, and registered photos. Patient DNAs were analyzed using a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel including 63 craniosynostosis (CS) related genes. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants were found in 72% of the cases, mainly affecting FGFR2, TWIST1, IL11RA, and SKI. Two patients that were negative at NGS screening - one with a supernumerary marker chromosome with duplication of 15q25.2q26.3 and one with a pathogenic PHEX variant - were identified using microarray and single gene analysis, respectively. The overall diagnostic rate in the cohort was thus 83%. We identified two novel likely pathogenic variants in FGFR2 (NM_022970.3: c.811_812delGGinsCC, p.Gly271Pro) and TWIST1 (NM_000474.3: c.476T > A, p.Leu159His), and a novel variant of unclear phenotypic significance in RUNX2 (NM_001024630.3: c.340G > A, p.Val114Ile) which could suggest a modulatory effect. Notably, we also identified three new patients with pansynostosis and a Crouzon-like phenotype with IL11RA mutation. Targeted NGS using a broad panel of CS-related genes is a simple and powerful tool for detecting pathogenic mutations in patients with syndromic forms of CS and multiple suture involvement, in particular pansynostosis. Our results provide additional evidence of an association between pansynostosis and IL11RA, an emerging core gene for autosomal recessive CS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Topa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Anna Rohlin
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias K Andersson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - André Fehr
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Lovmar
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Stenman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Kölby
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Surgical Result and Identification of FGFR2 Variants Using Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Chinese Family With Crouzon Syndrome. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 33:134-138. [PMID: 34538793 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Crouzon syndrome is considered as one of the most common craniosynostosis syndromes with a prevalence of 1 in 65,000 individuals, and has a close relationship with variants in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2. Here the authors described a Crouzon syndrome case, which was asked for surgery treatment for the symptom of multisuture craniosynostosis. Mild midfacial retrusion, larger head circumference, proptosis, pseudo-prognathism, and dental malposition could also be found obviously. Then fronto-orbital advancement and cranial cavity expansion were performed to the child. After whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing, gene variants in the exons 2 and 3 of FGFR2 were detected. And protein tyrosine 105 replaced by cysteine in the extracellular region of FGFR2 was also detected. After operation, she presented a satisfactory anterior plagiocephaly and scaphocephaly correction, and the result was satisfied by surgeons and her parents. Variants detected using WES have further research prospect.
Collapse
|
4
|
Al-Namnam NM, Hariri F, Thong MK, Rahman ZA. Crouzon syndrome: Genetic and intervention review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2018; 9:37-39. [PMID: 30202723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crouzon syndrome exhibits considerable phenotypic heterogeneity, in the aetiology of which genetics play an important role. FGFR2 mediates extracellular signals into cells and the mutations in the FGFR2 gene cause this syndrome occurrence. Activated FGFs/FGFR2 signaling disrupts the balance of differentiation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis via its downstream signal pathways. However, very little is known about the cellular and molecular factors leading to severity of this phenotype. Revealing the molecular pathology of craniosynostosis will be a great value for genetic counselling, diagnosis, prognosis and early intervention programs. This mini-review summarizes the fundamental and recent scientific literature on genetic disorder of Crouzon syndrome and presents a graduated strategy for the genetic approach, diagnosis and the management of this complex craniofacial defect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N M Al-Namnam
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of MAHSA, 42610, Jenjarum, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F Hariri
- Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Clinical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M K Thong
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Z A Rahman
- Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Clinical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Azoury SC, Reddy S, Shukla V, Deng CX. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 ( FGFR2) Mutation Related Syndromic Craniosynostosis. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1479-1488. [PMID: 29230096 PMCID: PMC5723914 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.22373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniosynostosis results from the premature fusion of cranial sutures, with an incidence of 1 in 2,100-2,500 live births. The majority of cases are non-syndromic and involve single suture fusion, whereas syndromic cases often involve complex multiple suture fusion. The fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene is perhaps the most extensively studied gene that is mutated in various craniosynostotic syndromes including Crouzon, Apert, Pfeiffer, Antley-Bixler, Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata, Jackson-Weiss, Bent Bone Dysplasia, and Seathre-Chotzen-like syndromes. The majority of these mutations are missense mutations that result in constitutive activation of the receptor and downstream molecular pathways. Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach with ultimate surgical fixation of the cranial deformity to prevent further sequelae. Understanding the molecular mechanisms has allowed for the investigation of different therapeutic agents that can potentially be used to prevent the disorders. Further research efforts are need to better understand screening and effective methods of early intervention and prevention. Herein, the authors provide a comprehensive update on FGFR2-related syndromic craniosynostosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saïd C. Azoury
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sashank Reddy
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivek Shukla
- TGIB, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen H, Marsiglia WM, Cho MK, Huang Z, Deng J, Blais SP, Gai W, Bhattacharya S, Neubert TA, Traaseth NJ, Mohammadi M. Elucidation of a four-site allosteric network in fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. eLife 2017; 6:e21137. [PMID: 28166054 PMCID: PMC5293489 DOI: 10.7554/elife.21137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling is tightly regulated by protein allostery within the intracellular tyrosine kinase domains. Yet the molecular determinants of allosteric connectivity in tyrosine kinase domain are incompletely understood. By means of structural (X-ray and NMR) and functional characterization of pathogenic gain-of-function mutations affecting the FGF receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinase domain, we elucidated a long-distance allosteric network composed of four interconnected sites termed the 'molecular brake', 'DFG latch', 'A-loop plug', and 'αC tether'. The first three sites repress the kinase from adopting an active conformation, whereas the αC tether promotes the active conformation. The skewed design of this four-site allosteric network imposes tight autoinhibition and accounts for the incomplete mimicry of the activated conformation by pathogenic mutations targeting a single site. Based on the structural similarity shared among RTKs, we propose that this allosteric model for FGFR kinases is applicable to other RTKs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaibin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | | | - Min-Kyu Cho
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, United States
| | | | - Jingjing Deng
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Steven P Blais
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Weiming Gai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | | | - Thomas A Neubert
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Nathaniel J Traaseth
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, United States,For correspondence: (NJT)
| | - Moosa Mohammadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States, (MM)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gallo LH, Nelson KN, Meyer AN, Donoghue DJ. Functions of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors in cancer defined by novel translocations and mutations. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:425-49. [PMID: 26003532 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The four receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) within the family of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) are critical for normal development but also play an enormous role in oncogenesis. Mutations and/or abnormal expression often lead to constitutive dimerization and kinase activation of FGFRs, and represent the primary mechanism for aberrant signaling. Sequencing of human tumors has revealed a plethora of somatic mutations in FGFRs that are frequently identical to germline mutations in developmental syndromes, and has also identified novel FGFR fusion proteins arising from chromosomal rearrangements that contribute to malignancy. This review details approximately 200 specific point mutations in FGFRs and 40 different fusion proteins created by translocations involving FGFRs that have been identified in human cancer. This review discusses the effects of these genetic alterations on downstream signaling cascades, and the challenge of drug resistance in cancer treatment with antagonists of FGFRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro H Gallo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0367, United States.
| | - Katelyn N Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0367, United States.
| | - April N Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0367, United States.
| | - Daniel J Donoghue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0367, United States.
| |
Collapse
|