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Striedner Y, Arbeithuber B, Moura S, Nowak E, Reinhardt R, Muresan L, Salazar R, Ebner T, Tiemann-Boege I. Exploring the Micro-Mosaic Landscape of FGFR3 Mutations in the Ageing Male Germline and Their Potential Implications in Meiotic Differentiation. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:191. [PMID: 38397181 PMCID: PMC10888257 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced paternal age increases the risk of transmitting de novo germline mutations, particularly missense mutations activating the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling pathway, as exemplified by the FGFR3 mutation, which is linked to achondroplasia (ACH). This risk is attributed to the expansion of spermatogonial stem cells carrying the mutation, forming sub-clonal clusters in the ageing testis, thereby increasing the frequency of mutant sperm and the number of affected offspring from older fathers. While prior studies proposed a correlation between sub-clonal cluster expansion in the testis and elevated mutant sperm production in older donors, limited data exist on the universality of this phenomenon. Our study addresses this gap by examining the testis-expansion patterns, as well as the increases in mutations in sperm for two FGFR3 variants-c.1138G>A (p.G380R) and c.1948A>G (p.K650E)-which are associated with ACH or thanatophoric dysplasia (TDII), respectively. Unlike the ACH mutation, which showed sub-clonal expansion events in an aged testis and a significant increase in mutant sperm with the donor's age, as also reported in other studies, the TDII mutation showed focal mutation pockets in the testis but exhibited reduced transmission into sperm and no significant age-related increase. The mechanism behind this divergence remains unclear, suggesting potential pleiotropic effects of aberrant RTK signalling in the male germline, possibly hindering differentiation requiring meiosis. This study provides further insights into the transmission risks of micro-mosaics associated with advanced paternal age in the male germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Striedner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria; (Y.S.); (B.A.); (E.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Barbara Arbeithuber
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria; (Y.S.); (B.A.); (E.N.); (R.R.)
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Endocrinology, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria;
| | - Sofia Moura
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria; (Y.S.); (B.A.); (E.N.); (R.R.)
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Elisabeth Nowak
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria; (Y.S.); (B.A.); (E.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Ronja Reinhardt
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria; (Y.S.); (B.A.); (E.N.); (R.R.)
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leila Muresan
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2EL, UK;
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Renato Salazar
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria; (Y.S.); (B.A.); (E.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Thomas Ebner
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Endocrinology, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria;
| | - Irene Tiemann-Boege
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria; (Y.S.); (B.A.); (E.N.); (R.R.)
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Michel ZD, Aitken SF, Glover OD, Alejandro LO, Randazzo D, Dambkowski C, Martin D, Collins MT, Somerman MJ, Chu EY. Infigratinib, a selective FGFR1-3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, alters dentoalveolar development at high doses. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1428-1448. [PMID: 37435833 PMCID: PMC10784415 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR3) gain-of-function mutations are linked to achondroplasia. Infigratinib, a FGFR1-3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, improves skeletal growth in an achondroplasia mouse model. FGFs and their receptors have critical roles in developing teeth, yet effects of infigratinib on tooth development have not been assessed. Dentoalveolar and craniofacial phenotype of Wistar rats dosed with low (0.1 mg/kg) and high (1.0 mg/kg) dose infigratinib were evaluated using micro-computed tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Mandibular third molars were reduced in size and exhibited aberrant crown and root morphology in 100% of female rats and 80% of male rats at high doses. FGFR3 and FGF18 immunolocalization and extracellular matrix protein expression were unaffected, but cathepsin K (CTSK) was altered by infigratinib. Cranial vault bones exhibited alterations in dimension, volume, and density that were more pronounced in females. In both sexes, interfrontal sutures were significantly more patent with high dose vs vehicle. CONCLUSIONS High dose infigratinib administered to rats during early stages affects dental and craniofacial development. Changes in CTSK from infigratinib in female rats suggest FGFR roles in bone homeostasis. While dental and craniofacial disruptions are not expected at therapeutic doses, our findings confirm the importance of dental monitoring in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D Michel
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah F Aitken
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Omar D Glover
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lucy O Alejandro
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Davide Randazzo
- Light Imaging Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - David Martin
- QED Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael T Collins
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Martha J Somerman
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Y Chu
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Division of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Cao J, Chen A, Tian L, Yan L, Li H, Zhou B. Application of whole exome sequencing in fetal cases with skeletal abnormalities. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09819. [PMID: 35855989 PMCID: PMC9287157 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the role of whole exome sequencing (WES) technology in fetuses with skeletal abnormalities (SKA) for establishing an appropriate clinical diagnosis and treatment path. Methods From April 2019 to August 2020, eight special families were enrolled into the study. Their fetuses showed abnormal SKA by ultrasonic testing during pregnancy, but it is inconsistent with the normal results identified by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) of amniotic fluid or abortion. For further diagnosis, WES was performed to detect the causative genes mutations followed by Sanger sequencing. Results Among of these eight fetuses with SKA, we found more than half of pathogenic mutations were in COL1A1/2 gene, except for a known hotspot mutation in FGFR3 gene (c.1138G>A). Three heterozygous mutations of COL1A1 gene, c.2885G>A p (Gly962Asp), c.994G>A p (Gly332Arg) and c.1002 + 5G>T, were de novo mutations. The c.1002 + 5G>T mutation in COL1A1 was firstly reported. In addition, one fetus carried a novel heterozygous mutation of COL1A1 c.644G>A p (Gly215Asp), which was inherited from the mother. Another novel heterozygous mutation c.2482G>T p (Val828Phe) in the COL1A2 gene was identified in another fetus and was inherited from the father. Among of these COL1A1 mutations, these results might involve in two novel splicing mutations. Conclusion Our study reported several novel heterozygous mutations which expands the COL1A1/2 mutation spectrum for prenatal diagnosis of SKA. Most importantly, WES technology is necessary as a routine step of the SKA diagnosis before or during pregnancy, combining with the detection of chromosome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cao
- Ningbo Women and Children Healthcare Center, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315-12, China
| | - An'er Chen
- Ningbo Women and Children Healthcare Center, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315-12, China
| | - Liyun Tian
- Ningbo Women and Children Healthcare Center, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315-12, China
| | - Lulu Yan
- Ningbo Women and Children Healthcare Center, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315-12, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Ningbo Women and Children Healthcare Center, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315-12, China
| | - Bihua Zhou
- Ningbo Women and Children Healthcare Center, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315-12, China
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Fiaschi P, Bue EL, Ceraudo M, Secci F, Tortora D, Piatelli G, Severino M, Gandolfo C, Vercellino N, Pavanello M. Peculiar bony involvement of sinus pericranii in children: Extensive diploic erosion in three "karstic" variants. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022; 219:107334. [PMID: 35738119 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Sinus pericranii (SP) is a rare, benign, extradural venous anomaly whose extracranial connection consists in an enlarged subgaleal drainage composed of a network of thin-walled veins that form a varix on the external table of the skull. In the present series of three patients we present three variantesof SP which have never been described, characterized by an extensive diploic erosion causing a "karstic" effect. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. A comprehensive search for relevant articles was performed on PubMed from 1992 to 2022 using the following search words: "sinus pericranii". RESULTS The search produced 77 articles with 137 patients. In all the cases analysed, there were not reported any patients with extensive diploic erosion, namely "karstic" variants. So, the authors present clinical history, neuroimages, treatment strategies and outcome of 3 patients with a "karstic" SP with the aim to describe this clinicradiological entity. CONCLUSIONS In this study, our group identified a peculiar variant of SP characterized by bony involvement with extensive diploic "karstic" erosion of diploe, with possible tendency to enlarge during time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Fiaschi
- Section of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Enrico Lo Bue
- Section of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Ceraudo
- Section of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Secci
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Domenico Tortora
- Neuroradiology Unit IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Piatelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mariasavina Severino
- Neuroradiology Unit IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Gandolfo
- Neuroradiology Unit IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nadia Vercellino
- Cardiovascular Department, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Pavanello
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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Fiaschi P, Piatelli G, Pavanello M. Letter to the Editor Regarding "'Two-Birds-One-Stone' Approach for Treating an Infant with Chiari I Malformation and Hydrocephalus: Is Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion as Sole Treatment Enough?". World Neurosurg 2021; 145:526-527. [PMID: 33348501 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Fiaschi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, riabilitazione, oftalmologia, genetica e scienze materno-infantili (DINOGMI), Università di Genova, Genova, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Piatelli
- Division of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Pavanello
- Division of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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Legare JM, Pauli RM, Hecht JT, Bober MB, Smid CJ, Modaff P, Little ME, Rodriguez-Buritica DF, Serna ME, Alade AY, Liu C, Hoover-Fong JE, Hashmi SS. CLARITY: Co-occurrences in achondroplasia-craniosynostosis, seizures, and decreased risk of diabetes mellitus. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1168-1174. [PMID: 33496070 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Achondroplasia is the most common disproportionate short statured skeletal dysplasia with a prevalence of approximately 1:20,000-30,000. We created the largest database to date of a historical cohort of 1374 patients with achondroplasia (CLARITY-aChondropLasia nAtuRal hIsTory studY). This cohort was queried for the presence of unrecognized or under-recognized features associated with achondroplasia. Craniosynostosis was found to co-occur with achondroplasia in 9 (0.65%) patients in this cohort, which is much higher than the general population prevalence of 3.1-7.2 per 10,000. In addition, 27 patients had seizures (2.0%), an apparent excess as compared to the general population. Only two people had diabetes despite a high rate of adult obesity. This report documents for the first time an increased prevalence of craniosynostosis in persons with achondroplasia, and adds support to previous observations of an apparently higher than expected prevalence of seizures and lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Legare
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Richard M Pauli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jacqueline T Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael B Bober
- Department of Pediatrics, A. l. duPont Hospital for Children, Thomas Jefferson University, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Cory J Smid
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Genetics, Children's Wisconsin; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Peggy Modaff
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Little
- Department of Pediatrics, A. l. duPont Hospital for Children, Thomas Jefferson University, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | | | - Maria Elena Serna
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Chengxin Liu
- Greenberg Center for Skeletal Dysplasias, McKusick Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie E Hoover-Fong
- Greenberg Center for Skeletal Dysplasias, McKusick Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S Shahrukh Hashmi
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, Texas, USA
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7
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Fiaschi P, Piatelli G, Pavanello M. Letter to the Editor Regarding "Reversible Severe Brainstem Herniation and Obstructive Hydrocephalus from Cystoperitoneal Shunt Overdrainage". World Neurosurg 2020; 143:621-622. [PMID: 33167146 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Fiaschi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DINOGMI) Università di Genova, Genova, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Piatelli
- Division of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Pavanello
- Division of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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Abstract
Achondroplasia is the most common of the skeletal dysplasias that result in marked short stature (dwarfism). Although its clinical and radiologic phenotype has been described for more than 50 years, there is still a great deal to be learned about the medical issues that arise secondary to this diagnosis, the manner in which these are best diagnosed and addressed, and whether preventive strategies can ameliorate the problems that can compromise the health and well being of affected individuals. This review provides both an updated discussion of the care needs of those with achondroplasia and an exploration of the limits of evidence that is available regarding care recommendations, controversies that are currently present, and the many areas of ignorance that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Pauli
- Midwest Regional Bone Dysplasia Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1500 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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González-del Angel A, Caro-Contreras A, Alcántara-Ortigoza MA, Ramos S, Cruz-Alcívar R, Moyers-Pérez P. Unique association of hypochondroplasia with craniosynostosis and cleft palate in a Mexican family. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:161-166. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna González-del Angel
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Genética Humana; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría; Ciudad de México México
| | - Alan Caro-Contreras
- Médico Residente de Genética Médica, Departamento de Genética Humana; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría; Ciudad de México México
| | - Miguel Angel Alcántara-Ortigoza
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Genética Humana; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría; Ciudad de México México
| | - Sandra Ramos
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Departamento de Genética Humana; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría; Ciudad de México México
| | - Roberto Cruz-Alcívar
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría; Ciudad de México México
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Chen H, Sun X, Yin L, Chen S, Zhu Y, Huang J, Jiang W, Chen B, Zhang R, Chen L, Nie M, Xie Y, Deng Z. PTH 1-34 Ameliorates the Osteopenia and Delayed Healing of Stabilized Tibia Fracture in Mice with Achondroplasia Resulting from Gain-Of-Function Mutation of FGFR3. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1254-1265. [PMID: 29104492 PMCID: PMC5666524 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.21258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone fracture healing is processed through multiple stages including the cartilaginous callus formation and its transition to bony callus. FGFR3 negatively regulates chondrogenesis and enhances osteogenesis during skeleton development. We previously found in mice carrying gain-of-function mutation of FGFR3 that FGFR3 delays the healing of un-stabilized fracture that heals mainly through endochondral ossification. Since fracture is regularly treated in clinics with rigid fixation, and stabilized fracture is healed largely through intramembranous ossification, we asked whether FGFR3, a key regulator of osteogenesis, also affect the regeneration of stabilized fracture. We found that gain-of-function mutation of FGFR3 inhibits the initiation of chondrogenesis and the subsequent bone formation. We further studied whether PTH1-34 can improve the osteopenia and delayed healing of the stabilized tibia fracture in mice with achondroplasia. Fracture healing was evaluated by radiography, micro-CT, biomechanical tests, histology, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. We found that PTH 1-34 can alleviate the decreased bone mass and compromised architecture in ACH mice. Histological analysis revealed that administration of PTH1-34 increased the size of both the total callus and cartilaginous callus at 14 days after the surgery in ACH mice. RT-PCR data suggested that systemic PTH1-34 accelerated the initiation of chondrogenesis and chondrocyte maturation (earlier and higher levels of expression of chondrogenesis related markers) and enhanced the osteogenic differentiation in the fracture callus in ACH mice. These results indicate that the PTH1-34 administration resulted in an enhanced callus formation during bone fracture healing in ACH mice, which is at least in part mediated by an increase of cartilaginous callus at early stage and the promotion of bone formation in bony callus. In summary, in this study we revealed that FGFR3 delays the regeneration of stabilized fracture by inhibiting both the chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, and PTH1-34 treatment can improve the dysregulated bone metabolism and delayed bone injury healing resulting from gain-of-function mutation of FGFR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangang Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xianding Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Liangjun Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Junlan Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Wanling Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ruobin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Mao Nie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhongliang Deng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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Maruyama T, Jiang M, Abbott A, Yu HMI, Huang Q, Chrzanowska-Wodnicka M, Chen EI, Hsu W. Rap1b Is an Effector of Axin2 Regulating Crosstalk of Signaling Pathways During Skeletal Development. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:1816-1828. [PMID: 28520221 PMCID: PMC5555789 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent identification and isolation of suture stem cells capable of long-term self-renewal, clonal expanding, and differentiating demonstrate their essential role in calvarial bone development, homeostasis, and injury repair. These bona fide stem cells express a high level of Axin2 and are able to mediate bone regeneration and repair in a cell autonomous fashion. The importance of Axin2 is further demonstrated by its genetic inactivation in mice causing skeletal deformities resembling craniosynostosis in humans. The fate determination and subsequent differentiation of Axin2+ stem cells are highly orchestrated by a variety of evolutionary conserved signaling pathways including Wnt, FGF, and BMP. These signals are often antagonistic of each other and possess differential effects on osteogenic and chondrogenic cell types. However, the mechanisms underlying the interplay of these signaling transductions remain largely elusive. Here we identify Rap1b acting downstream of Axin2 as a signaling interrogator for FGF and BMP. Genetic analysis reveals that Rap1b is essential for development of craniofacial and body skeletons. Axin2 regulates Rap1b through modulation of canonical BMP signaling. The BMP-mediated activation of Rap1b promotes chondrogenic fate and chondrogenesis. Furthermore, by inhibiting MAPK signaling, Rap1b mediates the antagonizing effect of BMP on FGF to repress osteoblast differentiation. Disruption of Rap1b in mice not only enhances osteoblast differentiation but also impairs chondrocyte differentiation during intramembranous and endochondral ossifications, respectively, leading to severe defects in craniofacial and body skeletons. Our findings reveal a dual role of Rap1b in development of the skeletogenic cell types. Rap1b is critical for balancing the signaling effects of BMP and FGF during skeletal development and disease. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Maruyama
- Department of Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ming Jiang
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alycia Abbott
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - H-M Ivy Yu
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Qirong Huang
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Emily I Chen
- Proteomics Shared Resource at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Hsu
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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12
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Calandrelli R, Panfili M, D'Apolito G, Zampino G, Pedicelli A, Pilato F, Colosimo C. Quantitative approach to the posterior cranial fossa and craniocervical junction in asymptomatic children with achondroplasia. Neuroradiology 2017; 59:1031-1041. [PMID: 28819680 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-017-1887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We propose an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based quantitative morphovolumetric approach to the posterior cranial fossa (PCF) and craniocervical junction (CCJ) changes in achondroplastic patients investigating possible associations with ventriculomegaly and medullary compression. METHODS We analyzed MRI of 13 achondroplastic children not treated by surgery. 3D FSPGR T1-weighted images were used to analyze (1) PCF synchondroses; (2) PCF volume (PCFV), PCF brain volume (PCFBV), PCFV/PCFBV ratio, cerebellar volume, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces volume, and IV ventricle volume; (3) PCF (clivus, supraocciput, exocciput lengths, tentorial angle) and CCJ (AP and LL diameters of foramen magnum (FM)) morphometry; (4) measurements of FM and jugular foramina (JF) areas; and (5) supratentorial ventricular volume. RESULTS All patients showed synostosis of spheno-occipital synchondroses, eight showed synostosis of intra-occipital synchondroses, nine showed CCJ impingement on the cervical cord but only three had cervical myelopathy. Compared to controls, clivus and exocciput lengths, LL and AP diameters of FM, FM area and JF area were significantly reduced, supraocciput length, tentorial angle, PCFV, PCFBV, cerebellar volume, supratentorial ventricular system volume were significantly increased. A correlation was found between clivus length and supratentorial ventricular volume, premature closure of intra-occipital synchondroses and FM area while a trend was found between FM area and supraocciput length. CONCLUSION Our analysis demonstrates a relationship between the shortening of the clivus and the ventriculomegaly. On the other hand the premature closure of PCF synchondroses, the shape, and the growth direction of supraocciput bone contribute to reduce the FM area, causing in some patients medullary compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Calandrelli
- Polo scienze delle immagini, di laboratorio ed infettivologiche, Area diagnostica per immagini, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italia.
| | - Marco Panfili
- Polo scienze delle immagini, di laboratorio ed infettivologiche, Area diagnostica per immagini, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italia
| | - Gabriella D'Apolito
- Polo scienze delle immagini, di laboratorio ed infettivologiche, Area diagnostica per immagini, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italia
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Polo scienze della salute della donna e del bambino, Area salute del bambino, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italia
| | - Alessandro Pedicelli
- Polo scienze delle immagini, di laboratorio ed infettivologiche, Area diagnostica per immagini, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italia
| | - Fabio Pilato
- Polo scienze dell'invecchiamento, neurologiche, ortopediche e della testa-collo, Area neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italia
| | - Cesare Colosimo
- Polo scienze delle immagini, di laboratorio ed infettivologiche, Area diagnostica per immagini, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italia
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13
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Lee YC, Song IW, Pai YJ, Chen SD, Chen YT. Knock-in human FGFR3 achondroplasia mutation as a mouse model for human skeletal dysplasia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43220. [PMID: 28230213 PMCID: PMC5322349 DOI: 10.1038/srep43220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Achondroplasia (ACH), the most common genetic dwarfism in human, is caused by a gain-of function mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). Currently, there is no effective treatment for ACH. The development of an appropriate human-relevant model is important for testing potential therapeutic interventions before human clinical trials. Here, we have generated an ACH mouse model in which the endogenous mouse Fgfr3 gene was replaced with human FGFR3G380R (FGFR3ACH) cDNA, the most common mutation in human ACH. Heterozygous (FGFR3ACH/+) and homozygous (FGFR3ACH/ACH) mice expressing human FGFR3G380R recapitulate the phenotypes observed in ACH patients, including growth retardation, disproportionate shortening of the limbs, round head, mid-face hypoplasia at birth, and kyphosis progression during postnatal development. We also observed premature fusion of the cranial sutures and low bone density in newborn FGFR3G380R mice. The severity of the disease phenotypes corresponds to the copy number of activated FGFR3G380R, and the phenotypes become more pronounced during postnatal skeletal development. This mouse model offers a tool for assessing potential therapeutic approaches for skeletal dysplasias related to over-activation of human FGFR3, and for further studies of the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Lee
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Song
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ju Pai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-De Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Tsong Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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