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Jiang Y, Xiao YX, Xiong JJ, Zhang VW, Dong C, Xu L, Liu F. Maternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 6 in 2 prenatal cases with IUGR: case report and literature review. Mol Cytogenet 2024; 17:1. [PMID: 38173004 PMCID: PMC10765649 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-023-00670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uniparental disomy (UPD) is a rare genetic condition leading to potential disease risks. Maternal UPD of chromosome 6 upd(6)mat is exceptionally rare, with limited cases reported. This study reported two new cases of upd(6)mat and reviewed the literature of previous cases. CASE PRESENTATION Both cases exhibited intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and genetic analysis confirmed upd(6)mat in each case. The literature review identified a total of 19 cases. IUGR and preterm labor were the most common two symptoms observed, and additional anomalies and genetic variations were also reported in some cases. CONCLUSION upd(6)mat is potentially associatied with IUGR, but the precise genotype-phenotype relationship remains unclear. The cases with upd(6)mat may present clinical features due to imprinting disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children/Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xue Xiao
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children/Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Jiao Xiong
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children/Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | - Lei Xu
- AmCare Genomics Lab, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children/Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Li M, Hao N, Jiang Y, Xue H, Dai Y, Wang M, Bai J, Lv Y, Qi Q, Zhou X. Contribution of uniparental disomy to fetal growth restriction: a whole-exome sequencing series in a prenatal setting. Sci Rep 2024; 14:238. [PMID: 38168635 PMCID: PMC10762123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR), a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, is caused by fetal, maternal, and placental factors. Uniparental disomy (UPD) is a rare condition that leads to imprinting effects, low-level mosaic aneuploidies and homozygosity for pathogenic variants. In the present study, UPD events were detected in 5 women with FGR by trio exome sequencing (trio-WES) of a cohort of 150 FGR cases. Furthermore, noninvasive prenatal testing results of the 5 patients revealed a high risk of rare autosomal trisomy. Trio-WES showed no copy-number variations (CNVs) or nondisease-causing mutations associated with FGR. Among the 5 women with FGR, two showed gene imprinting, and two exhibited confined placental mosaicism (CPM) by copy number variant sequencing (CNV-seq). The present study showed that in FGR patients with UPD, the detection of imprinted genes and CPM could enhance the genetic diagnosis of FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Na Hao
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yulin Jiang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Huili Xue
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Yifang Dai
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- GenoDecode (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing, 101160, China
| | - Junjie Bai
- Be Creative Lab (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yan Lv
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qingwei Qi
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiya Zhou
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Xie X, Huang B, Su L, Cai M, Chen Y, Wu X, Xu L. Prenatal diagnosis and genetic etiology analysis of talipes equinovarus by chromosomal microarray analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:298. [PMID: 37986075 PMCID: PMC10658977 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the advancement of molecular technology, fetal talipes equinovarus (TE) is believed to be not only associated with chromosome aneuploidy, but also related to chromosomal microdeletion and microduplication. The study aimed to explore the molecular etiology of fetal TE and provide more information for the clinical screening and genetic counseling of TE by Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA). METHODS This retrospectively study included 131 fetuses with TE identified by ultrasonography. Conventional karyotyping and SNP array analysis were performed for all the subjects. They were divided into isolated TE group (n = 55) and complex group (n = 76) according to structural anomalies. RESULTS Among the total of 131 fetuses, karyotype analysis found 12(9.2%) abnormal results, while SNP array found 27 (20.6%) cases. Trisomy 18 was detected most frequently among abnormal karyotypes. The detection rate of SNP array was significantly higher than that of traditional chromosome karyotype analysis (P < 0.05). SNP array detected 15 (11.5%) cases of submicroscopic abnormalities that karyotype analysis did not find. The most common CNV was the 22q11.2 microdeletion. For both analyses, the overall detection rates were significantly higher in the complex TE group than in the isolated TE group (karyotype: P < 0.05; SNP array: P < 0.05). The incremental yield of chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses with unilateral TE (22.0%) was higher than in fetuses with bilateral TE (19.8%), but this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Abnormal chromosomes were most frequently detected in fetuses with TE plus cardiovascular system abnormalities. CONCLUSION Fetal TE is related to chromosomal microdeletion or microduplication. Prenatal diagnosis is recommended for fetuses with TE, and CMA testing is preferred. CMA can improve the detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities associated with fetal TE, especially in pregnancies with complex TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Xie
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Baojia Huang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Maternity and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Linjuan Su
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Meiying Cai
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yuqin Chen
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Cai M, Que Y, Chen M, Zhang M, Huang H, Xu L, Lin N. Pathogenic copy number variations are associated with foetal short femur length in a tertiary referral centre study. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2354-2361. [PMID: 37401003 PMCID: PMC10424293 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Shortened foetal femur length (FL) is a common abnormal phenotype that often causes anxiety in pregnant women, and standard clinical treatments remain unavailable. We investigated the clinical characteristics, genetic aetiology and obstetric pregnancy outcomes of foetuses with short FL and provided a reference for perinatal management of such cases. Chromosomal microarray analysis was used to analyse the copy number variations (CNV) in short FL foetuses. Of the 218 foetuses with short FL, 33 foetuses exhibited abnormal CNVs, including 19 with pathogenic CNVs and 14 with variations of uncertain clinical significance. Of the 19 foetuses with pathogenic CNVs, four had aneuploidy, 14 had deletions/duplications, and one had pathogenic uniparental diploidy. The 7q11.23 microdeletion was detected in three foetuses. The severity of short FL was not associated with the rate of pathogenic CNVs. The duration of short FL for the intrauterine ultrasound phenotype in foetuses carrying a pathogenic CNV was independent of the gestational age. Further, maternal age was not associated with the incidence of foetal pathogenic CNVs. Adverse pregnancy outcomes occurred in 77 cases, including termination of pregnancy in 63 cases, postnatal dwarfed foetuses with intellectual disability in 11 cases, and three deaths within 3 months of birth. Pathogenic CNVs closely related to foetal short FL were identified, among which the 7q11.23 microdeletion was highly associated with short FL development. This study provides a reference for the perinatal management of foetuses with short FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Cai
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth DefectFuzhouChina
| | - Yanting Que
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and PediatricsFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Meihuan Chen
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth DefectFuzhouChina
| | - Min Zhang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth DefectFuzhouChina
| | - Hailong Huang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth DefectFuzhouChina
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth DefectFuzhouChina
| | - Na Lin
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth DefectFuzhouChina
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Eggermann T, Monk D, de Nanclares GP, Kagami M, Giabicani E, Riccio A, Tümer Z, Kalish JM, Tauber M, Duis J, Weksberg R, Maher ER, Begemann M, Elbracht M. Imprinting disorders. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:33. [PMID: 37386011 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Imprinting disorders (ImpDis) are congenital conditions that are characterized by disturbances of genomic imprinting. The most common individual ImpDis are Prader-Willi syndrome, Angelman syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Individual ImpDis have similar clinical features, such as growth disturbances and developmental delay, but the disorders are heterogeneous and the key clinical manifestations are often non-specific, rendering diagnosis difficult. Four types of genomic and imprinting defect (ImpDef) affecting differentially methylated regions (DMRs) can cause ImpDis. These defects affect the monoallelic and parent-of-origin-specific expression of imprinted genes. The regulation within DMRs as well as their functional consequences are mainly unknown, but functional cross-talk between imprinted genes and functional pathways has been identified, giving insight into the pathophysiology of ImpDefs. Treatment of ImpDis is symptomatic. Targeted therapies are lacking owing to the rarity of these disorders; however, personalized treatments are in development. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of ImpDis, and improving diagnosis and treatment of these disorders, requires a multidisciplinary approach with input from patient representatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - David Monk
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Rare Diseases Research Group, Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Bioaraba Research Health Institute, Araba University Hospital-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eloïse Giabicani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Pathologies d'Empreinte, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jennifer M Kalish
- Division of Human Genetics and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maithé Tauber
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares PRADORT (syndrome de PRADer-Willi et autres Obésités Rares avec Troubles du comportement alimentaire), Hôpital des Enfants, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity) INSERM UMR1291 - CNRS UMR5051 - Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Jessica Duis
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics and Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Wu X, He S, Li Y, Guo D, Chen X, Liang B, Wang M, Huang H, Xu L. Fetal genetic findings by chromosomal microarray analysis and karyotyping for fetal growth restriction without structural malformations at a territory referral center: 10-year experience. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:73. [PMID: 36703098 PMCID: PMC9878785 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal invasive genetic testing is commonly recommended to pregnancies of early-onset FGR or FGR combined with a structural defect. Our study aimed to explore the genetic findings for FGR without structural malformations according to cytogenetic karyotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP array) technology over a 10-year period. METHODS A total of 488 pregnancies diagnosed with FGR without structural malformation were retrospectively reviewed. Cytogenetic karyotyping was performed on all the subjects, and SNP array was available from 272 of them. Based on the gestational age at onset, the cohort was classified into four groups: ≤ 24, 25-28, 29-32, and > 32 weeks of gestation. According to the ultrasound findings, they were grouped into isolated FGR, FGR with soft markers, and FGR with non-structural anomalies. In pregnancies of young maternal age, based on the results of maternal serum screening (MSS), they were categorized into high-risk and low-risk MSS groups. RESULTS Nineteen (3.9%) cases of chromosomal abnormalities were detected by cytogenetic karyotyping, including 11 cases of numerical abnormalities, 5 cases of structural abnormalities, and 3 cases of mosaicism. Trisomy 21 was the most frequent abnormality. Abnormal karyotypes were more frequently observed in cases diagnosed at ≤ 24 weeks (7.2%) than those in any other group. Among pregnancies with normal karyotype, an incremental yield of 4.2% were revealed by SNP array technology regarding clinically relevant aberrations. The additional detection rates by SNP array in cases diagnosed at ≤ 24 weeks (6.5%), cases with soft markers (9.5%), and cases with high-risk MSS (12.0%) were higher than those in other groups within each classification. All the cases with abnormal karyotypes and 7 out of 11 pregnancies with clinically relevant anomalies revealed by SNP array alone resulted in pregnancy terminations. CONCLUSION Chromosome abnormality is an important etiology for FGR with no associated structural malformations, and plays a crucial role in pregnancies decision-making. SNP array improves the detection of genetic anomalies especially in FGR diagnosed at ≤ 24 weeks, FGR combined with soft makers, and FGR combined with high-risk MSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wu
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian, 350001 China ,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, Fujian China ,grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Shuqiong He
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian, 350001 China ,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Ying Li
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian, 350001 China ,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Danhua Guo
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian, 350001 China ,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian, 350001 China ,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Bin Liang
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian, 350001 China ,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Meiying Wang
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian, 350001 China ,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Hailong Huang
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian, 350001 China ,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian, 350001 China ,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, Fujian China
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De Clercq E, Starke G, Rost M. "Waking up" the sleeping metaphor of normality in connection to intersex or DSD: a scoping review of medical literature. HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 44:50. [PMID: 36282442 PMCID: PMC9596528 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to encourage a critical debate on the use of normality in the medical literature on DSD or intersex. For this purpose, a scoping review was conducted to identify and map the various ways in which "normal" is used in the medical literature on DSD between 2016 and 2020. We identified 75 studies, many of which were case studies highlighting rare cases of DSD, others, mainly retrospective observational studies, focused on improving diagnosis or treatment. The most common use of the adjective normal was in association with phenotypic sex. Overall, appearance was the most commonly cited criteria to evaluate the normality of sex organs. More than 1/3 of the studies included also medical photographs of sex organs. This persistent use of normality in reference to phenotypic sex is worrisome given the long-term medicalization of intersex bodies in the name of a "normal" appearance or leading a "normal" life. Healthcare professionals should be more careful about the ethical implications of using photographs in publications given that many intersex persons describe their experience with medical photography as dehumanizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva De Clercq
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 30, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Starke
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- College of Humanities, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Rte Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Rost
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Wang L, Chen L, Li D, Wang B, Yang Z. Characteristics of fetal physiological and pathological uterine effusion observed on prenatal ultrasonography: a case report. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:405. [PMID: 35549889 PMCID: PMC9101858 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prenatal detection rate of fetal uterine effusion is very low, and current case reports mainly focus on pathological hydrometrocolpos. We presented two cases of fetal physiological uterine effusion with different ultrasonic characteristics and compared them with one case of hydrometrocolpos with the hope of identifying strategies to reduce misdiagnosis of fetal uterine effusion. Case presentation This paper reports the cases of two female fetuses with abnormal pelvic echoes in the third trimester, referred to a tertiary center to be screened for suspected pelvic teratoma and cystic mass, respectively. Ultrasound consultation revealed fetal uterine effusion. The two fetuses were delivered at our hospital after a full term. Re-examining the uterus and adnexa of the neonates revealed that the uterine effusion had subsided naturally. Another female fetus had a large cystic mass in the pelvic cavity in the third trimester, and prenatal examination indicated fetal hydrometrocolpos. The fetus was delivered at our hospital after a full term. The hydrometrocolpos existed even after birth. After consultation with a neonatal surgeon and gynecologist, the newborn was diagnosed with congenital imperforate hymen with hydrometrocolpos. Hymen puncture and open drainage led to a good prognosis. Conclusions Prenatal ultrasonography plays an important role in diagnosing and differentiating between physiological and pathological fetal uterine effusion. It can help reduce misdiagnoses that can lead to incorrect clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao St, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Lizhu Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao St, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao St, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao St, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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9
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Nowakowska BA, Pankiewicz K, Nowacka U, Niemiec M, Kozłowski S, Issat T. Genetic Background of Fetal Growth Restriction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010036. [PMID: 35008459 PMCID: PMC8744929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is one of the most formidable challenges in present-day antenatal care. Pathological fetal growth is a well-known factor of not only in utero demise in the third trimester, but also postnatal morbidity and unfavorable developmental outcomes, including long-term sequalae such as metabolic diseases, diabetic mellitus or hypertension. In this review, the authors present the current state of knowledge about the genetic disturbances responsible for FGR diagnosis, divided into fetal, placental and maternal causes (including preeclampsia), as well as their impact on prenatal diagnostics, with particular attention on chromosomal microarray (CMA) and noninvasive prenatal testing technique (NIPT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Anna Nowakowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (B.A.N.); (K.P.); Tel.: +48-22-3277131 (B.A.N.); +48-22-3277044 (K.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Pankiewicz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (U.N.); (S.K.); (T.I.)
- Correspondence: (B.A.N.); (K.P.); Tel.: +48-22-3277131 (B.A.N.); +48-22-3277044 (K.P.)
| | - Urszula Nowacka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (U.N.); (S.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Magdalena Niemiec
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Szymon Kozłowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (U.N.); (S.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Tadeusz Issat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (U.N.); (S.K.); (T.I.)
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10
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Fuke T, Nakamura A, Inoue T, Kawashima S, Hara KI, Matsubara K, Sano S, Yamazawa K, Fukami M, Ogata T, Kagami M. Role of Imprinting Disorders in Short Children Born SGA and Silver-Russell Syndrome Spectrum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:802-813. [PMID: 33236057 PMCID: PMC7947753 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (Epi)genetic disorders associated with small-for-gestational-age with short stature (SGA-SS) include imprinting disorders (IDs). Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a representative ID in SGA-SS and has heterogenous (epi)genetic causes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS To clarify the contribution of IDs to SGA-SS and the molecular and phenotypic spectrum of SRS, we recruited 269 patients with SGA-SS, consisting of 103 and 166 patients referred to us for genetic testing for SGA-SS and SRS, respectively. After excluding 20 patients with structural abnormalities detected by comparative genomic hybridization analysis using catalog array, 249 patients were classified into 3 subgroups based on the Netchine-Harbison clinical scoring system (NH-CSS), SRS diagnostic criteria. We screened various IDs by methylation analysis for differentially methylated regions (DMRs) related to known IDs. We also performed clinical analysis. RESULTS These 249 patients with SGA-SS were classified into the "SRS-compatible group" (n = 148), the "non-SRS with normocephaly or relative macrocephaly at birth group" (non-SRS group) (n = 94), or the "non-SRS with relative microcephaly at birth group" (non-SRS with microcephaly group) (n = 7). The 44.6% of patients in the "SRS-compatible group," 21.3% of patients in the "non-SRS group," and 14.3% in the "non-SRS with microcephaly group" had various IDs. Loss of methylation of the H19/IGF2:intergenic-DMR and uniparental disomy chromosome 7, being major genetic causes of SRS, was detected in 30.4% of patients in the "SRS-compatible group" and in 13.8% of patients in the "non-SRS group." CONCLUSION We clarified the contribution of IDs as (epi)genetic causes of SGA-SS and the molecular and phenotypic spectrum of SRS. Various IDs constitute underlying factors for SGA-SS, including SRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Fuke
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Inoue
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kawashima
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Isono Hara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sano
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamazawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical Genetics Center, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Masayo Kagami, MD, PhD, Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2–10–1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157–8535, Japan. E-mail:
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11
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Chen Y, Xie Y, Jiang Y, Luo Q, Shi L, Zeng S, Zhuang J, Lyu G. The Genetic Etiology Diagnosis of Fetal Growth Restriction Using Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism-Based Chromosomal Microarray Analysis. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:743639. [PMID: 34722424 PMCID: PMC8555260 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.743639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An increase in pathogenic copy number variants (pCNVs) has been recognized to associate with fetal growth restriction (FGR). Here, we aim to explore the application value of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in prenatal diagnosis of FGR. Methods: Prenatal ultrasound was applied to identify FGR. A total of 149 pregnant women with FGR were enrolled in our study. All subjects underwent karyotype analysis and CMA to reveal the chromosomal abnormalities. Results: In this study, all subjects were successfully detected by karyotype and CMA analyses. Of these subjects, the chromosomal abnormalities detection rate was 5.37% (8/149) for karyotyping and 13.42% (20/149) for CMA, respectively. Among them, an 8.05% (12/149) incremental yield of CMA over karyotype analysis was observed (p = 0.004). In addition, a significant difference of pCNV detection rate was observed between the groups with different high-risk factors (p = 0.005). The FGR with structural anomalies group showed the highest pCNV detection rate (33.33%), followed by the FGR with non-structural anomalies group (8.77%) and the isolated FGR group (8.06%). Conclusion: In conclusion, CMA technology showed an effective application value in etiology diagnosis of FGR. We believe that CMA should be recommended as first-line detection technology for prenatal diagnosis in FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu'e Chen
- Ultrasonography, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qi Luo
- Department of Public Health for Women and Children, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Lijing Shi
- Ultrasonography, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Zeng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jianlong Zhuang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Guorong Lyu
- Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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12
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Wang Y, Li GF, Liu RK, Li L, DU XQ, Li GL, Chen S. [A comparative study of cerebellar development between appropriate-for-gestational age infants and small-for-gestational-age infants]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2020; 22:936-941. [PMID: 32933622 PMCID: PMC7499441 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2003284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether there is a difference in cerebellar development between appropriate -for-gestational-age (AGA) infants and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. METHODS A total of 165 AGA infants and 105 SGA infants, with a gestational age of 26-40+6 weeks, were enrolled in this study. Within 24-48 hours after birth, ultrasound examination was performed to measure the transverse diameter of the cerebellum, the height of the vermis, the area of the vermis, the perimeter of the vermis, and the area and perimeter of the cerebellum on transverse section. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between cerebellar measurements and gestational age. RESULTS In both AGA and SGA infants, all cerebellar measurements were positively correlated with gestational age (r=0.50-0.81, P<0.05). In AGA and SGA infants, there were no significant differences in the measurements between the 25-27+6 weeks, 28-30+6 weeks, and 31-33+6 weeks of gestational age subgroups (P>0.05), while in the 34-36+6 weeks and 37-40+6 weeks subgroups, the SGA infants had significantly lower measurements than the AGA infants (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The SGA infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks have intrauterine cerebellar development similar to AGA infants, but those with a gestational age of ≥34 weeks have poorer intrauterine cerebellar development than AGA infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China.
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13
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Maternal uniparental isodisomy for chromosome 6 discovered by paternity testing: a case report. Mol Cytogenet 2018; 11:60. [PMID: 30598700 PMCID: PMC6302445 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-018-0411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Uniparental disomy (UPD) is a rare condition in which a child inherits both copies of a chromosome or chromosome segment from one parent. Medical consequences of UPD may include abnormal imprinting, unmasking of genetic disease, and somatic mosaicism; alternatively, the condition may be clinically silent. We present a case of maternal UPD for chromosome 6, a rare condition previously reported less than 20 times. In our patient with a normal phenotype, the condition was discovered through abnormal paternity testing results. Uniparental isodisomy is a rare cause of discordant parentage testing results, but it is an important phenomenon to recognize. Case presentation We present a female born at 32 weeks gestational age with birth weight 10–25%ile when corrected for prematurity. Paternity testing was obtained for legal reasons, and initial results appeared to exclude the alleged father. However, the lab performed additional testing which indicated that the patient was homozygous for maternal alleles for all three tested loci located on chromosome 6. Based on these results, the patient was referred for a medical genetics evaluation for possible maternal uniparental disomy. She presented for her consultation at 10 months of age and appeared to be developing appropriately. Her age-adjusted weight, length, and head circumference were <3%ile, 10%ile, and 25%ile respectively. Chromosomal microarray testing confirmed maternal UPD6. The patient was seen again at 14 months of age, and her weight and length were 10–25%ile. She had not developed concerning symptoms or physical exam findings. Conclusions The presence of UPD, especially in asymptomatic patients, has implications for paternity testing, as standard methods may miss cases of both isodisomy and heterodisomy. This rare inheritance pattern should be considered when discordant paternity results come under suspicion. It is unusual for a parentage testing lab to perform the amount of testing done for this case, but the initial inconsistencies necessitated further investigation. UPD6 has uncertain effects and variable phenotypes, so this patient’s genetic abnormality likely would have gone undiscovered if not for the non-medical indication for the laboratory analysis. Her asymptomatic presentation raises the possibility that UPD may be more common than previously estimated.
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14
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Bravo García-Morato M, Aracil Santos FJ, Briones AC, Blázquez Moreno A, Del Pozo Maté Á, Domínguez-Soto Á, Beato Merino MJ, Del Pino Molina L, Torres Canizales J, Marin AV, Vallespín García E, Feito Rodríguez M, Plaza López Sabando D, Jiménez-Reinoso A, Mozo Del Castillo Y, Sanz Santaeufemia FJ, de Lucas-Laguna R, Cárdenas PP, Casamayor Polo L, Coronel Díaz M, Valés-Gómez M, Roldán Santiago E, Ferreira Cerdán A, Nevado Blanco J, Corbí ÁL, Reyburn HT, Regueiro JR, López-Granados E, Rodríguez Pena R. New human combined immunodeficiency caused by interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) deficiency inherited by uniparental isodisomy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:1924-1927.e18. [PMID: 29408330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Bravo García-Morato
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Lymphocyte Pathophysiology Group, La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Alejandro Contreras Briones
- Department of Microbiology I (Immunology), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Blázquez Moreno
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Del Pozo Maté
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Lucía Del Pino Molina
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Lymphocyte Pathophysiology Group, La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Torres Canizales
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Lymphocyte Pathophysiology Group, La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Victoria Marin
- Department of Microbiology I (Immunology), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vallespín García
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Anaïs Jiménez-Reinoso
- Department of Microbiology I (Immunology), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Paula P Cárdenas
- Department of Microbiology I (Immunology), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Ferreira Cerdán
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Lymphocyte Pathophysiology Group, La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Nevado Blanco
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel L Corbí
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugh T Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ramón Regueiro
- Department of Microbiology I (Immunology), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo López-Granados
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Lymphocyte Pathophysiology Group, La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Rodríguez Pena
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Lymphocyte Pathophysiology Group, La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Eggermann T, Oehl-Jaschkowitz B, Dicks S, Thomas W, Kanber D, Albrecht B, Begemann M, Kurth I, Beygo J, Buiting K. The maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 6 (upd(6)mat) "phenotype": result of placental trisomy 6 mosaicism? Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 5:668-677. [PMID: 29178649 PMCID: PMC5702562 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 6 (upd(6)mat) is a rare finding and its clinical relevance is currently unclear. Based on clinical data from two new cases and patients from the literature, the pathogenetic significance of upd(6)mat is delineated. METHODS Own cases were molecularly characterized for isodisomic uniparental regions on chromosome 6. For further cases with upd(6)mat, a literature search was conducted and genetic and clinical data were ascertained. RESULTS Comparison of isodisomic regions between the new upd(6)mat cases and those from four reports did not reveal any common isodisomic region. Among the patients with available cytogenetic data, five had a normal karyotype in lymphocytes, whereas a trisomy 6 (mosaicism) was detected prenatally in four cases. A common clinical picture was not obvious in upd(6)mat, but intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm delivery were frequent. CONCLUSION A common upd(6)mat phenotype is not obvious, but placental dysfunction due to trisomy 6 mosaicism probably contributes to IUGR and preterm delivery. In fact, other clinical features observed in upd(6)mat patients might be caused by homozygosity of recessive mutations or by an undetected trisomy 6 cell line. Upd(6)mat itself is not associated with clinical features, and can rather be regarded as a biomarker. In case upd(6)mat is detected, the cause for the phenotype is identified indirectly, but the UPD is not the basic cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Severin Dicks
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Deniz Kanber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Beate Albrecht
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Beygo
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karin Buiting
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
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