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Brndiarova M, Mraz M, Kolkova Z, Cisarik F, Banovcin P. Sensenbrenner Syndrome Presenting with Severe Anorexia, Failure to Thrive, Chronic Kidney Disease and Angel-Shaped Middle Phalanges in Two Siblings. Mol Syndromol 2021; 12:263-267. [PMID: 34421506 DOI: 10.1159/000515645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensenbrenner syndrome is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by variants in genes involved in the functional development of primary cilia. Typical clinical manifestations include craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities, hence the alternative name cranioectodermal dysplasia. Chronic kidney disease due to progressive tubulointerstitial nephritis (nephronophthisis) has been described in these patients. The authors present 2siblings with severe anorexia, failure to thrive, chronic kidney disease, and angel-shaped middle phalanges. Two previously described variants p.(Leu641*) and p.(Asp841Val) were identified in the WDR35 gene which is most commonly affected in this condition. Analysis of all coding exons of the GDF5 gene was normal. This is the first report of Sensenbrenner syndrome presenting with severe anorexia and failure to thrive at early age. Angel-shaped middle phalanges in the absence of the GDF5 variant may represent an overlapping phenotypic manifestation of ciliopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Brndiarova
- Department of Paediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine of Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martin Mraz
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Children's University Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kolkova
- Biomedical Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine of Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Frantisek Cisarik
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital in Zilina, Zilina, Slovakia
| | - Peter Banovcin
- Department of Paediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine of Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
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2
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Ciliary Signalling and Mechanotransduction in the Pathophysiology of Craniosynostosis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071073. [PMID: 34356089 PMCID: PMC8306115 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniosynostosis (CS) is the second most prevalent inborn craniofacial malformation; it results from the premature fusion of cranial sutures and leads to dimorphisms of variable severity. CS is clinically heterogeneous, as it can be either a sporadic isolated defect, more frequently, or part of a syndromic phenotype with mendelian inheritance. The genetic basis of CS is also extremely heterogeneous, with nearly a hundred genes associated so far, mostly mutated in syndromic forms. Several genes can be categorised within partially overlapping pathways, including those causing defects of the primary cilium. The primary cilium is a cellular antenna serving as a signalling hub implicated in mechanotransduction, housing key molecular signals expressed on the ciliary membrane and in the cilioplasm. This mechanical property mediated by the primary cilium may also represent a cue to understand the pathophysiology of non-syndromic CS. In this review, we aimed to highlight the implication of the primary cilium components and active signalling in CS pathophysiology, dissecting their biological functions in craniofacial development and in suture biomechanics. Through an in-depth revision of the literature and computational annotation of disease-associated genes we categorised 18 ciliary genes involved in CS aetiology. Interestingly, a prevalent implication of midline sutures is observed in CS ciliopathies, possibly explained by the specific neural crest origin of the frontal bone.
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3
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Brndiarova M, Kvassayova J, Vojtkova J, Igaz M, Buday T, Plevkova J. Changes of Motile Ciliary Phenotype in Patients with Primary Ciliopathies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1335:79-85. [PMID: 33687727 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Primary ciliopathies are a group of disorders associated with abnormal formation and function of primary cilia. Many cilia-associated proteins found in primary cilia are also present in motile cilia. Such proteins are important for the ciliary base, such as the transition zone or basal bodies, and the intraflagellar transport. Their exact role in the respiratory motile cilia is unsettled. In this prospective clinical single-center study, we investigated the hypothesis that these proteins regulate the function of motile cilia. We addressed the issue by defining the motile cilia beat frequency in the respiratory tract of patients with primary ciliopathies accompanied by chronic kidney disease and comparing it in those without kidney involvement. Ciliary beat frequency in the nasal mucosa samples was evaluated by the ciliary analysis software LabVIEW. Both children and their parents with primary ciliopathies and kidney involvement had significantly lower median airway ciliary beat frequencies than those without kidney involvement who have normal ciliary motility. Further, the ciliary beat frequency is inversely associated with the serum creatinine level. These findings strongly suggest that kidney involvement in patients with primary ciliopathy may underlie the development of motile cilia dysfunction in the respiratory tract, potentially increasing respiratory morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Brndiarova
- Department of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Julia Kvassayova
- Department of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jarmila Vojtkova
- Department of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Matus Igaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Buday
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jana Plevkova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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4
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Yang Q, Zhang Q, Chen F, Yi S, Li M, Yi S, Xu X, Luo J. A novel combination of biallelic IFT122 variants associated with cranioectodermal dysplasia: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:311. [PMID: 33717254 PMCID: PMC7885081 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED) or Sensenbrenner syndrome is a very rare autosomal-recessive disease that is characterized by craniofacial, skeletal and ectodermal abnormalities. The proteins encoded by six CED-associated genes are members of the intraflagelline transport (IFT) system, which serves an essential role in the assembly, maintenance and function of primary cilia. The current study identified compound novel heterozygous IFT122 (NM_052985.3) variants in a male Chinese infant with CED. The latter variant changes the length of the protein and may result in the partial loss-of-function of IFT122. With the simultaneous presence of frameshift and stop-loss variants, the patient manifested typical CED with fine and sparse hair, macrocephaly, dysmorphic facial features and upper limb phocomelia. A number of unusual phenotypic characteristics were additionally observed and included postaxial polydactyly of both hands and feet. The molecular confirmation of CED in this patient expands the CED-associated variant spectrum of IFT122 in CED, while the manifestation of CED in this patient provides additional clinical information regarding this syndrome. Moreover, the two variants identified in the proband provide a novel perspective into the phenotypes caused by different combinations of variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Shang Yi
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Mengting Li
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Yi
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Xingmin Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510800, P.R. China
| | - Jingsi Luo
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
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5
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Walczak-Sztulpa J, Wawrocka A, Stańczyk M, Pesz K, Dudarewicz L, Chrul S, Bukowska-Olech E, Wieczorek-Cichecka N, Arts HH, Oud MM, Śmigiel R, Grenda R, Obersztyn E, Chrzanowska KH, Latos-Bieleńska A. Interfamilial clinical variability in four Polish families with cranioectodermal dysplasia and identical compound heterozygous variants in WDR35. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1195-1203. [PMID: 33421337 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder primarily characterized by craniofacial, skeletal, and ectodermal abnormalities. CED is a chondrodysplasia, which is part of a spectrum of clinically and genetically heterogeneous diseases that result from disruptions in cilia. Pathogenic variants in genes encoding components of the ciliary transport machinery are known to cause CED. Intra- and interfamilial clinical variability has been reported in a few CED studies and the findings of this study align with these observations. Here, we report on five CED patients from four Polish families with identical compound heterozygous variants [c.1922T>G p.(Leu641Ter) and c.2522A>T; p.(Asp841Val)] in WDR35. The frequent occurrence of both identified changes in Polish CED families suggests that these variants may be founder mutations. Clinical evaluation of the CED patients revealed interfamilial clinical variability among the patients. This includes differences in skeletal and ectodermal features as well as variability in development, progression, and severity of renal and liver insufficiency. This is the first report showing significant interfamilial clinical variability in a series of CED patients from unrelated families with identical compound heterozygous variants in WDR35. Our findings strongly indicate that other genetic and non-genetic factors may modulate the progression and expression of the patients' phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Wawrocka
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Stańczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Pesz
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lech Dudarewicz
- Department of Genetics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sławomir Chrul
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | - Heleen H Arts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,IWK Health Centre, Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Machteld M Oud
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Śmigiel
- Division of Pediatrics and Rare Disorders, Department of Pediatrics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Grenda
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation and Hypertension, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Obersztyn
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna H Chrzanowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Latos-Bieleńska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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6
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Walczak-Sztulpa J, Wawrocka A, Leszczynska B, Mikulska B, Arts HH, Bukowska-Olech E, Daniel M, Krawczynski MR, Latos-Bielenska A, Obersztyn E. Prenatal genetic diagnosis of cranioectodermal dysplasia in a Polish family with compound heterozygous variants in WDR35. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2417-2425. [PMID: 32804427 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The ciliary chondrodysplasias represent a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders that affect skeleton development. Cilia are organelles that project from the surface of many cell types and play an important role during prenatal and postnatal human development. Cranioectodermal dysplasia (Sensenbrenner syndrome, CED) is a ciliopathy primarily characterized by craniofacial, skeletal, and ectodermal abnormalities. To date six genes have been associated with CED: IFT122, WDR35, WDR19, IFT140, IFT43, and IFT52. Prenatal diagnosis of CED is challenging, and genetic testing can facilitate making a correct diagnosis. Here, we report on a family with two male siblings affected by CED: a 3.5 year-old patient and his 2 year-old brother. Molecular analysis of the proband at 1 year of age revealed compound heterozygous variants in WDR35: c.3G>A [p.(Met1-Ala30delinsMetfsTer4)] and c.2522A>T [p.(Asp841Val)]. Ultrasound examination during the second pregnancy revealed an increased nuchal translucency of 4.5 mm and a hypoplastic nasal bone at 12 weeks of gestation. Prenatal diagnostic testing was offered because of an increased risk for chromosomal abnormalities and recurrence risk for CED. Prenatal genetic analysis of a chorionic villus sample detected the WDR35 variants previously identified in the elder brother. This is the first report of a prenatal genetic diagnosis in CED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Wawrocka
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Leszczynska
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Boyana Mikulska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Heleen H Arts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,IWK Health Centre, Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Maria Daniel
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej R Krawczynski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Latos-Bielenska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Obersztyn
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Walczak-Sztulpa J, Posmyk R, Bukowska-Olech EM, Wawrocka A, Jamsheer A, Oud MM, Schmidts M, Arts HH, Latos-Bielenska A, Wasilewska A. Compound heterozygous IFT140 variants in two Polish families with Sensenbrenner syndrome and early onset end-stage renal disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:36. [PMID: 32007091 PMCID: PMC6995138 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-1303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sensenbrenner syndrome, which is also known as cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED), is a rare, autosomal recessive ciliary chondrodysplasia characterized by a variety of clinical features including a distinctive craniofacial appearance as well as skeletal, ectodermal, liver and renal anomalies. Progressive renal disease can be life-threatening in this condition. CED is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. Currently, variants in any of six genes (IFT122, WDR35, IFT140, IFT43, IFT52 and WDR19) have been associated with this syndrome. All of these genes encode proteins essential for intraflagellar transport (IFT) a process that is required for cilium assembly, maintenance and function. Intra- and interfamilial clinical variability has been reported in CED, which is consistent with CED’s genetic heterogeneity and is indicative of genetic background effects. Results Two male CED patients from two unrelated Polish families were included in this study. Clinical assessment revealed distinctive clinical features of Sensenbrenner syndrome, such as dolichocephaly, shortening of long bones and early onset renal failure. Ectodermal anomalies also included thin hair, short and thin nails, and small teeth in both patients. Next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques were performed in order to determine the underlying genetic cause of the disorder using whole exome sequencing (WES) for patient 1 and a custom NGS-based panel for patient 2. Subsequent qPCR and duplex PCR analysis were conducted for both patients. Genetic analyses identified compound heterozygous variants in the IFT140 gene in both affected individuals. Both patients harbored a tandem duplication variant p.Tyr1152_Thr1394dup on one allele. In addition, a novel missense variant, p.(Leu109Pro), and a previously described p.(Gly522Glu) variant were identified in the second allele in patients 1 and 2, respectively. Segregation analysis of the variants was consistent with the expected autosomal recessive disease inheritance pattern. Both patients had severe renal failure requiring kidney transplantation in early childhood. Conclusion The finding of compound heterozygous IFT140 mutations in two unrelated CED patients provide further evidence that IFT140 gene mutations are associated with this syndrome. Our studies confirm that IFT140 changes in patients with CED are associated with early onset end-stage renal disease. Moreover, this report expands our knowledge of the clinical- and molecular genetics of Sensenbrenner syndrome and it highlights the importance of multidisciplinary approaches in the care of CED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Walczak-Sztulpa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8 Street, 60-608, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Renata Posmyk
- Department of Perinatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewelina M Bukowska-Olech
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8 Street, 60-608, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Wawrocka
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8 Street, 60-608, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksander Jamsheer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8 Street, 60-608, Poznan, Poland
| | - Machteld M Oud
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Schmidts
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg University Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heleen H Arts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,IWK Health Centre, Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Anna Latos-Bielenska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8 Street, 60-608, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Wasilewska
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Tan K, Liu P, Pang L, Yang W, Hou F. A human ciliopathy with polycystic ovarian syndrome and multiple subcutaneous cysts: A rare case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13531. [PMID: 30558011 PMCID: PMC6320131 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Ciliopathies is a group of clinically and genetically overlapping disorders due to cilia abnormalities and multiple organ systems are involved in. PATIENT CONCERNS We present a young female patient who showed renal function impairment, Caroli syndrome (CS), liver cirrhosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and multiple subcutaneous cysts. DIAGNOSES The patient was diagnosed with ciliopathy according to the clinical manifestations and whole-genome sequencing. INTERVENTIONS She received treatment of intravenous albumin, polyene phosphatidyl choline, furosemide, and antisterone. OUTCOMES The patient showed clinical improvement in her edema and liver tests, and ultrasonography revealed that the ascites had disappeared. Unfortunately, the edema relapsed a year later. The patient received the same treatment as before, and there was clinical improvement of the edema. Since the family cannot afford liver and kidney transplantation, the patient only accepted symptomatic treatment. LESSONS Polycystic ovarian syndrome and multiple subcutaneous cysts have never before been reported to be associated with ciliopathy. This finding could remind doctors to consider the possibility of ciliopathy disease for patients suffering from similar conditions. In addition, the phenotype of the patient differs from those of patients reported with the same mutations, which also reminds doctors that the clinical manifestation of a given mutation may show patient-specific differences. This case report extends the phenotypic spectrum of ciliopathy, and these findings might represent a new ciliopathy syndrome, which could facilitate the diagnosis of ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangan Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia
| | - Lili Pang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing
| | - Wanna Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing
| | - Fengqin Hou
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University International Hospital, China
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Nardella G, Visci G, Guarnieri V, Castellana S, Biagini T, Bisceglia L, Palumbo O, Trivisano M, Vaira C, Scerrati M, Debrasi D, D'Angelo V, Carella M, Merla G, Mazza T, Castori M, D'Agruma L, Fusco C. A single-center study on 140 patients with cerebral cavernous malformations: 28 new pathogenic variants and functional characterization of a PDCD10 large deletion. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1885-1900. [PMID: 30161288 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a capillary malformation arising in the central nervous system. CCM may occur sporadically or cluster in families with autosomal dominant transmission, incomplete penetrance, and variable expressivity. Three genes are associated with CCM KRIT1, CCM2, and PDCD10. This work is a retrospective single-center molecular study on samples from multiple Italian clinical providers. From a pool of 317 CCM index patients, we found germline variants in either of the three genes in 80 (25.2%) probands, for a total of 55 different variants. In available families, extended molecular analysis found segregation in 60 additional subjects, for a total of 140 mutated individuals. From the 55 variants, 39 occurred in KRIT1 (20 novel), 8 in CCM2 (4 novel), and 8 in PDCD10 (4 novel). Effects of the three novel KRIT1 missense variants were characterized in silico. We also investigated a novel PDCD10 deletion spanning exon 4-10, on patient's fibroblasts, which showed significant reduction of interactions between KRIT1 and CCM2 encoded proteins and impaired autophagy process. This is the largest study in Italian CCM patients and expands the known mutational spectrum of KRIT1, CCM2, and PDCD10. Our approach highlights the relevance of seeking supporting information to pathogenicity of new variants for the improvement of management of CCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Nardella
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Visci
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Vito Guarnieri
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Stefano Castellana
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Biagini
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Luigi Bisceglia
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Orazio Palumbo
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Marina Trivisano
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Vaira
- Department of Neurosurgery, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Scerrati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Davide Debrasi
- Department of Pediatrics, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Carella
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merla
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Marco Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Leonardo D'Agruma
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Carmela Fusco
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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10
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Antony D, Nampoory N, Bacchelli C, Melhem M, Wu K, James CT, Beales PL, Hubank M, Thomas D, Mashankar A, Behbehani K, Schmidts M, Alsmadi O. Exome sequencing for the differential diagnosis of ciliary chondrodysplasias: Example of a WDR35 mutation case and review of the literature. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 60:658-666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Walczak-Sztulpa J, Wawrocka A, Swiader-Lesniak A, Socha M, Jamsheer A, Drozdz D, Latos-Bielenska A, Zachwieja K. Clinical and molecular genetic characterization of a male patient with Sensenbrenner syndrome (cranioectodermal dysplasia) and biallelicWDR35mutations. Birth Defects Res 2017; 110:376-381. [DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Wawrocka
- Department of Medical Genetics; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - Anna Swiader-Lesniak
- Department of Anthropology; The Children's Memorial Health Institute; Warsaw Poland
| | - Magdalena Socha
- Department of Medical Genetics; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - Aleksander Jamsheer
- Department of Medical Genetics; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - Dorota Drozdz
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Faculty of Medicine; Jagiellonian University Medical College; Cracow Poland
| | - Anna Latos-Bielenska
- Department of Medical Genetics; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zachwieja
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Faculty of Medicine; Jagiellonian University Medical College; Cracow Poland
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