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Yu Y, Zhang Z, Xia F, Sun B, Liu S, Wang X, Zhou X, Zhao J. Exploration of the pathophysiology of high myopia via proteomic profiling of human corneal stromal lenticules. Exp Eye Res 2024; 238:109726. [PMID: 37979904 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the underlying pathophysiology of high myopia by analyzing the proteome of human corneal stromal lenticule samples obtained through small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). A total of thirty-two patients who underwent SMILE were included in the study. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was performed on corneal stromal lenticule samples, equally representing high myopia (n = 10) and low myopia (n = 10) groups. The identified and profiled lenticule proteomes were analyzed using in silico tools to explore biological characteristics of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Additionally, LASSO regression and random forest model were employed to identify key proteins associated with the pathophysiology of high myopia. The DEPs were found to be closely linked to immune activation, extracellular matrix, and cell adhesion-related pathways according to gene ontology analysis. Specifically, decreased expression of COL1A1 and increased expression of CDH11 were associated with the pathogenesis of high myopia and validated by western blotting (n = 6) and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (n = 6). Overall, this study provides evidence that COL1A1 and CDH11 may contribute to the pathophysiology of high myopia based on comparative proteomic profiling of human corneal stromal lenticules obtained through SMILE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanze Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingqing Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengtao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Kuroda Y, Saito Y, Enomoto Y, Naruto T, Kurosawa K. A Japanese patient with Teebi hypertelorism syndrome and a novel CDH11 EC1 domain variant. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:94-99. [PMID: 37646430 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The gene CDH11 encodes cadherin-11, a Type II cadherin superfamily member that contains five extracellular cadherin (EC) domains. Cadherin-11 undergoes trans-dimerization via the EC1 domain to generate cadherin complexes. Compound heterozygous and homozygous loss-of-function CDH11 variants are observed in Elsahy-Waters syndrome (EWS), which shows characteristic craniofacial features, vertebral abnormalities, cutaneous syndactyly in 2-3 digits, genitourinary anomalies, and intellectual disability. Heterozygous CDH11 variants can cause Teebi hypertelorism syndrome (THS), which features widely spaced eyes and hypospadias. We report a THS patient with a novel CDH11 variant involving the EC1 domain. The patient was a 10-month-old male with normal developmental milestones, but had widely spaced eyes, strabismus, hypospadias, shawl scrotum, broad thumbs (right bifid thumb in x-ray), polysyndactyly of the left fourth finger, and cutaneous syndactyly of left third/fourth fingers. Exome sequencing identified a de novo heterozygous CDH11 variant (NM_001797.4:c.229C > T [p.Leu77Phe] NC_000016.9:g.64998856G > A). Clinical features were consistent with previously reported THS patients, but polysyndactyly, broad thumb, and cutaneous syndactyly overlapped phenotypic features of EWS. THS and EWS may represent a spectrum of CDH11-related disorders. Residue Leu77 in this novel CDH11 variant lines a large hydrophobic pocket where side chains of the partner cadherin-11 insert to trans-dimerize, suggesting that the cadherin-11 structure might be altered in this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kuroda
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Saito
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yumi Enomoto
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Naruto
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Su T, Zhu Y, Wang X, Zhu Q, Duan X. Hereditary dentin defects with systemic diseases. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2376-2393. [PMID: 37094075 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aimed to summarize recent progress on syndromic dentin defects, promoting a better understanding of systemic diseases with dentin malformations, the molecules involved, and related mechanisms. SUBJECTS AND METHODS References on genetic diseases with dentin malformations were obtained from various sources, including PubMed, OMIM, NCBI, and other websites. The clinical phenotypes and genetic backgrounds of these diseases were then summarized, analyzed, and compared. RESULTS Over 10 systemic diseases, including osteogenesis imperfecta, hypophosphatemic rickets, vitamin D-dependent rickets, familial tumoral calcinosis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia, hypophosphatasia, Elsahy-Waters syndrome, Singleton-Merten syndrome, odontochondrodysplasia, and microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II were examined. Most of these are bone disorders, and their pathogenic genes may regulate both dentin and bone development, involving extracellular matrix, cell differentiation, and metabolism of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D. The phenotypes of these syndromic dentin defects various with the involved genes, part of them are similar to dentinogenesis imperfecta or dentin dysplasia, while others only present one or two types of dentin abnormalities such as discoloration, irregular enlarged or obliterated pulp and canal, or root malformation. CONCLUSION Some specific dentin defects associated with systemic diseases may serve as important phenotypes for dentists to diagnose. Furthermore, mechanistic studies on syndromic dentin defects may provide valuable insights into isolated dentin defects and general dentin development or mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology & Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yulong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology & Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangpu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology & Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qinglin Zhu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University & State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology & Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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4
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Kyriakou G. Synophrys: The societal implications of the bad ol' unibrow. Clin Dermatol 2021; 39:738-742. [PMID: 34809785 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The complete or partial meeting of medial eyebrows at midline above the bridge of nose, forming a single band of hair, is known as synophrys or unibrow. With a few rare exceptions, when it may serve as a cutaneous marker lesion of several genetic disorders, with Cornelia De Lange syndrome being the commonest, synophrys is usually a normal variation. Although various cultures have prized synophrys as an attractive physical trait throughout history, in modern Western culture, the unibrow is frequently regarded as an undesirable and unappealing feature with negative connotations. Synophrys, derived from the Ancient Greek σύν (together, with) and ὀφρύς (eyebrow), meaning "with meeting eyebrows," refers to the complete or partial fusion of medial eyebrows at midline. The hair above the nasal bridge is often of the same color and thickness as the eyebrows, thus giving the appearance that they converge to form one uninterrupted line of hair, a single eyebrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Kyriakou
- Department of Dermatology, University General Hospital of Patras, Rio, Greece.
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5
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Minatogawa M, Tsukahara Y, Yuzuriha S, Kosho T. Detailed clinical and radiological features of the first patient with Elsahy-Waters syndrome in East Asia. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:3909-3915. [PMID: 34278706 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Elsahy-Waters syndrome (EWS; OMIM#211380) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is caused by loss-of-function variants in CDH11, which encodes cadherin 11. EWS is characterized by brachycephaly, midface hypoplasia, characteristic craniofacial morphology, cervical fusion, cutaneous syndactyly in 2-3 digits, genitourinary anomalies, and intellectual disability. To the best of our knowledge, there have been only six patients of molecularly confirmed EWS. We report the first patient of EWS in East Asia in a Japanese man with a novel splice site homozygous variant of CDH11. We reviewed the clinical and molecular findings in previously reported individuals and the present patient. In addition to the previously reported clinical features of EWS, the present patient had unreported findings of atlantoaxial instability due to posterior displacement of dens, thoracic fusion, thoracic butterfly vertebra, sacralization of the lumbar vertebra (L5), and multiple perineural cysts. The spinal findings in this patient could represent a new spectrum of skeletal phenotypes of EWS. It remains to be clarified whether the multiple perineural cysts in the patient were associated with EWS or coincidental. The current observation might contribute to an expanded understanding of the clinical consequences of loss-of-function of cadherin 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Minatogawa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tsukahara
- Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yuzuriha
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kosho
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan.,Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Matsumoto, Japan.,Division of Clinical Sequencing, Matsumoto, Japan
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6
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Li D, March ME, Fortugno P, Cox LL, Matsuoka LS, Monetta R, Seiler C, Pyle LC, Bedoukian EC, Sánchez-Soler MJ, Caluseriu O, Grand K, Tam A, Aycinena ARP, Camerota L, Guo Y, Sleiman P, Callewaert B, Kumps C, Dheedene A, Buckley M, Kirk EP, Turner A, Kamien B, Patel C, Wilson M, Roscioli T, Christodoulou J, Cox TC, Zackai EH, Brancati F, Hakonarson H, Bhoj EJ. Pathogenic variants in CDH11 impair cell adhesion and cause Teebi hypertelorism syndrome. Hum Genet 2021; 140:1061-1076. [PMID: 33811546 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Teebi hypertelorism syndrome (THS; OMIM 145420) is a rare craniofacial disorder characterized by hypertelorism, prominent forehead, short nose with broad or depressed nasal root. Some cases of THS have been attributed to SPECC1L variants. Homozygous variants in CDH11 truncating the transmembrane and intracellular domains have been implicated in Elsahy-Waters syndrome (EWS; OMIM 211380) with hypertelorism. We report THS due to CDH11 heterozygous missense variants on 19 subjects from 9 families. All affected residues in the extracellular region of Cadherin-11 (CHD11) are highly conserved across vertebrate species and classical cadherins. Six of the variants that cluster around the EC2-EC3 and EC3-EC4 linker regions are predicted to affect Ca2+ binding that is required for cadherin stability. Two of the additional variants [c.164G > C, p.(Trp55Ser) and c.418G > A, p.(Glu140Lys)] are also notable as they are predicted to directly affect trans-homodimer formation. Immunohistochemical study demonstrates that CDH11 is strongly expressed in human facial mesenchyme. Using multiple functional assays, we show that five variants from the EC1, EC2-EC3 linker, and EC3 regions significantly reduced the cell-substrate trans adhesion activity and one variant from EC3-EC4 linker results in changes in cell morphology, focal adhesion, and migration, suggesting dominant negative effect. Characteristic features in this cohort included depressed nasal root, cardiac and umbilical defects. These features distinguished this phenotype from that seen in SPECC1L-related hypertelorism syndrome and CDH11-related EWS. Our results demonstrate heterozygous variants in CDH11, which decrease cell-cell adhesion and increase cell migratory behavior, cause a form of THS, as termed CDH11-related THS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Michael E March
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paola Fortugno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Liza L Cox
- Departments of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Leticia S Matsuoka
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rosanna Monetta
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Christoph Seiler
- Zebrafish Core Facility, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Louise C Pyle
- Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma C Bedoukian
- Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - María José Sánchez-Soler
- Sección de Genética Médica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, España
| | - Oana Caluseriu
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.,The Stollery Pediatric Hospital, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Katheryn Grand
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Allison Tam
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alicia R P Aycinena
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Letizia Camerota
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Yiran Guo
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Sleiman
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Candy Kumps
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Dheedene
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael Buckley
- NSW Health Pathology Genomics Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Edwin P Kirk
- NSW Health Pathology Genomics Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Turner
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Kamien
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Chirag Patel
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Meredith Wilson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tony Roscioli
- NSW Health Pathology Genomics Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - John Christodoulou
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Timothy C Cox
- Departments of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Bhoj
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Chang J, Wang S, Zheng Z. Etiology of Hypospadias: A Comparative Review of Genetic Factors and Developmental Processes Between Human and Animal Models. Res Rep Urol 2021; 12:673-686. [PMID: 33381468 PMCID: PMC7769141 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s276141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypospadias is a congenital anomaly of the penis with an occurrence of approximately 1 in 200 boys, but the etiology of the majority of hypospadias has remained unknown. Numerous genes have been reported as having variants in hypospadias patients, and many studies on genetic deletion of key genes in mouse genital development have also been published. Until now, no comparative analysis in the genes related literature has been reported. The basic knowledge of penile development and hypospadias is mainly obtained from animal model studies. Understanding of the differences and similarities between human and animal models is crucial for studies of hypospadias. In this review, mutations and polymorphisms of hypospadias-related genes have been compared between humans and mice, and differential genotype–phenotype relationships of certain genes between humans and mice have been discussed using the data available in PubMed and MGI online databases, and our analysis only revealed mutations in seven out of 43 human hypospadias related genes which have been reported to show similar phenotypes in mutant mice. The differences and similarities in the processes of penile development and hypospadias malformation among human and commonly used animal models suggest that the guinea pig may be a good model to study the mechanism of human penile development and etiology of hypospadias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.,School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Zhengui Zheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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8
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Manohar S, Camacho-Magallanes A, Echeverria C, Rogers CD. Cadherin-11 Is Required for Neural Crest Specification and Survival. Front Physiol 2020; 11:563372. [PMID: 33192560 PMCID: PMC7662130 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.563372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural crest (NC) cells are multipotent embryonic cells that form melanocytes, craniofacial bone and cartilage, and the peripheral nervous system in vertebrates. NC cells express many cadherin proteins, which control their specification, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and mesenchymal to epithelial transition. Abnormal NC development leads to congenital defects including craniofacial clefts as well as NC-derived cancers. Here, we identify the role of the type II cadherin protein, Cadherin-11 (CDH11), in early chicken NC development. CDH11 is known to play a role in NC cell migration in amphibian embryos as well as cell survival, proliferation, and migration in cancer cells. It has also been linked to the complex neurocristopathy disorder, Elsahy-Waters Syndrome, in humans. In this study, we knocked down CDH11 translation at the onset of its expression in the NC domain during NC induction. Loss of CDH11 led to a reduction of bonafide NC cells in the dorsal neural tube combined with defects in cell survival and migration. Loss of CDH11 increased p53-mediated programmed-cell death, and blocking the p53 pathway rescued the NC phenotype. Our findings reveal an early requirement for CDH11 in NC development and demonstrated the complexity of the mechanisms that regulate NC development, where a single cell-cell adhesion protein simultaneous controls multiple essential cellular functions to ensure proper specification, survival, and transition to a migratory phase in the dorsal neural tube. Our findings may also increase our understanding of early cadherin-related NC developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrajaa Manohar
- Department of Biology, School of Math and Science, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, United States
| | - Alberto Camacho-Magallanes
- Department of Biology, School of Math and Science, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, United States
| | - Camilo Echeverria
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Crystal D Rogers
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
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9
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Abualsaud D, Hashem M, AlHashem A, Alkuraya FS. Survey of disorders of sex development in a large cohort of patients with diverse Mendelian phenotypes. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:2789-2800. [PMID: 32949114 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of sex development (DSD) are congenital conditions with atypical development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex. The estimated incidence ranges from 1 in 4,500-5,500 for strictly defined "ambiguous genitalia" to 1 in 300 or higher when a broader definition is implemented. In this study, we aim to define DSD phenotypes encountered in a large heterogeneous cohort of molecularly characterized Mendelian disorders in a single center. Data were retrieved for patients with documented abnormal genitalia based on the 2006 consensus criteria. Out of 149 patients (129 families) with compatible human phenotype ontology, 76 patients (68 families) had an identified genetic cause and were included in our analysis. Potentially causal variants were identified in 42 genes, and two patients had a dual molecular diagnosis. Six genes have no associated phenotype in OMIM (PIANP, CELSR2, USP2, FAM179B, TXNDC15, and CCDC96). Thirteen genes have non-DSD OMIM phenotypes, thus we are expanding their phenotype to include DSD. We also highlight how certain disorders are under-recognized despite their established DSD phenotype in OMIM, especially CTU2-related DREAM-PL syndrome and TSPYL1-related sudden infant death with dysgenesis of the testes syndrome. In conclusion, this study of a large heterogeneous Mendelian cohort expands the list of genes and disorders beyond those classically DSD-linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Abualsaud
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mais Hashem
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal AlHashem
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Cruz-Ávila HA, Vallejo M, Martínez-García M, Hernández-Lemus E. Comorbidity Networks in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1009. [PMID: 32982776 PMCID: PMC7485389 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality worldwide. One reason behind this lethality lies in the fact that often cardiovascular illnesses develop into systemic failure due to the multiple connections to organismal metabolism. This in turn is associated with co-morbidities and multimorbidity. The prevalence of coexisting diseases and the relationship between the molecular origins adds to the complexity of the management of cardiovascular diseases and thus requires a profound knowledge of the genetic interaction of diseases. Objective: In order to develop a deeper understanding of this phenomenon, we examined the patterns of comorbidity as well as their genetic interaction of the diseases (or the lack of evidence of it) in a large set of cases diagnosed with cardiovascular conditions at the national reference hospital for cardiovascular diseases in Mexico. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of the National Institute of Cardiology. Socioeconomic information, principal diagnosis that led to the hospitalization and other conditions identified by an ICD-10 code were obtained for 34,099 discharged cases. With this information a cardiovascular comorbidity networks were built both for the full database and for ten 10-years age brackets. The associated cardiovascular comorbidities modules were found. Data mining was performed in the comprehensive ClinVar database with the disease names (as extracted from ICD-10 codes) to establish (when possible) connections between the genetic associations of the genetic interaction of diseases. The rationale is that some comorbidities may have a stronger genetic origin, whereas for others, the environment and other factors may be stronger. Results: We found that comorbidity networks are highly centralized in prevalent diseases, such as cardiac arrhythmias, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and ischemic diseases. Said comorbidity networks are actually modular on their connectivity. Modules recapitulate physiopathological commonalities, e.g., ischemic diseases clustering together. This is also the case of chronic systemic diseases, of congenital malformations and others. The genetic and environmental commonalities behind some of the relations in these modules were also found by resorting to clinical genetics databases and functional pathway enrichment studies. Conclusions: This methodology, hence may allow the clinician to look up for non-evident comorbidities whose knowledge will lead to improve therapeutically designs. By continued and consistent analysis of these types of patterns, we envisaged that it may be possible to acquire, strong clinical and basic insights that may further our advance toward a better understanding of cardiovascular diseases as a whole. Hopefully these may in turn lead to further development of better, integrated therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor A Cruz-Ávila
- Health Promotion Department, Autonomous University of Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico.,Sociomedical Research Unit, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maite Vallejo
- Sociomedical Research Unit, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mireya Martínez-García
- Sociomedical Research Unit, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.,Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Castori M, Ott CE, Bisceglia L, Leone MP, Mazza T, Castellana S, Tomassi J, Lanciotti S, Mundlos S, Hennekam RC, Kornak U, Brancati F. A novel mutation in CDH11, encoding cadherin-11, cause Branchioskeletogenital (Elsahy-Waters) syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2028-2033. [PMID: 30194892 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cadherins are cell-adhesion molecules that control morphogenesis, cell migration, and cell shape changes during multiple developmental processes. Until now four distinct cadherins have been implicated in human Mendelian disorders, mainly featuring skin, retinal and hearing manifestations. Branchio-skeleto-genital (or Elsahy-Waters) syndrome (BSGS) is an ultra-rare condition featuring a characteristic face, premature loss of teeth, vertebral and genital anomalies, and intellectual disability. We have studied two sibs with BSGS originally described by Castori et al. in 2010. Exome sequencing led to the identification of a novel homozygous nonsense variant in the first exon of the cadherin-11 gene (CDH11), which results in a prematurely truncated form of the protein. Recessive variants in CDH11 have been recently demonstrated in two other sporadic patients and a pair of sisters affected by BSGS. Although the function of this cadherin (also termed Osteoblast-Cadherin) is not completely understood, its prevalent expression in osteoblastic cell lines and up-regulation during differentiation suggest a specific function in bone formation and development. This study identifies a novel loss-of-function variant in CDH11 as a cause of BSGS and supports the role of cadherin-11 as a key player in axial and craniofacial malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Claus-Eric Ott
- Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luigi Bisceglia
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Leone
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Stefano Castellana
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Jurgen Tomassi
- Neurological Rehabilitation Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Cassino, Italy
| | - Silvia Lanciotti
- Medical Genetics Residency Programme, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe Kornak
- Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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