1
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Baga M, Ivanovski I, Contrò G, Caraffi SG, Spagnoli C, Cesaroni CA, Neri A, Peluso F, Pollazzon M, Garavelli L, Fusco C. Novel Insights from Clinical Practice: Xia-Gibbs Syndrome with Pes Cavus, Conjunctival Melanosis, and Eye Asymmetry due to a de novo AHDC1 Gene Variant - A Case Report and a Brief Review of the Literature. Mol Syndromol 2024; 15:63-70. [PMID: 38357260 PMCID: PMC10862326 DOI: 10.1159/000530410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Xia-Gibbs syndrome (OMIM 615829) is a rare developmental disorder, caused by heterozygous de novo variants in the AHDC1 gene. Hallmark features include global developmental delay, facial dysmorphisms, and behavioral problems. To date, more than 250 individuals have been diagnosed worldwide. Case Report We report a 13-year-old female who, in association with typical features of Xia-Gibbs syndrome, presented with macrocrania, pes cavus, and conjunctival melanosis. Whole-exome sequencing identified a de novo frameshift variant, which had not been reported in the literature before. Conclusion We summarized the main clinical and phenotypic features of patients described in the literature, and in addition, we discuss another feature found in our patient and observed in other cases described, eye asymmetry, which has never been highlighted, and suggest that it could be part of the typical clinical presentation of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Baga
- Neuropsychiatric Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ivan Ivanovski
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Contrò
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Carlotta Spagnoli
- Neuropsychiatric Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Neri
- Ophthalmology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesca Peluso
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marzia Pollazzon
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Livia Garavelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Neuropsychiatric Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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2
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Yin T, Wu B, Peng T, Liao Y, Jiao S, Wang H. Generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell line (FDCHi010-A) from a patient with Xia-Gibbs syndrome carrying AHDC1 mutation (c.2062C > T). Stem Cell Res 2023; 69:103118. [PMID: 37216737 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A human induced pluripotent stem cell line (iPSC), FDCHi010-A, was derived from the peripheral blood of a 3-year-old patient with the c.2062C > T (p.R688*) mutation in the AHDC1 gene. The established cell line displayed a typical human embryonic stem cell-like morphology, exhibited a normal euploid karyotype, and fully expressed pluripotency markers. In addition, it retained the ability to differentiate to three germ layers. This cell line with a specific mutation may provide a useful tool for studying the pathogenesis and drug therapy screening of Xia-Gibbs syndrome caused by the AHDC1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Bingbing Wu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Yunfei Liao
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Shuangyun Jiao
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.
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3
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Chander V, Mahmoud M, Hu J, Dardas Z, Grochowski CM, Dawood M, Khayat MM, Li H, Li S, Jhangiani S, Korchina V, Shen H, Weissenberger G, Meng Q, Gingras MC, Muzny DM, Doddapaneni H, Posey JE, Lupski JR, Sabo A, Murdock DR, Sedlazeck FJ, Gibbs RA. Long read sequencing and expression studies of AHDC1 deletions in Xia-Gibbs syndrome reveal a novel genetic regulatory mechanism. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:2033-2053. [PMID: 36054313 PMCID: PMC10167679 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Xia-Gibbs syndrome (XGS; MIM# 615829) is a rare mendelian disorder characterized by Development Delay (DD), intellectual disability (ID), and hypotonia. Individuals with XGS typically harbor de novo protein-truncating mutations in the AT-Hook DNA binding motif containing 1 (AHDC1) gene, although some missense mutations can also cause XGS. Large de novo heterozygous deletions that encompass the AHDC1 gene have also been ascribed as diagnostic for the disorder, without substantial evidence to support their pathogenicity. We analyzed 19 individuals with large contiguous deletions involving AHDC1, along with other genes. One individual bore the smallest known contiguous AHDC1 deletion (∼350 Kb), encompassing eight other genes within chr1p36.11 (Feline Gardner-Rasheed, IFI6, FAM76A, STX12, PPP1R8, THEMIS2, RPA2, SMPDL3B) and terminating within the first intron of AHDC1. The breakpoint junctions and phase of the deletion were identified using both short and long read sequencing (Oxford Nanopore). Quantification of RNA expression patterns in whole blood revealed that AHDC1 exhibited a mono-allelic expression pattern with no deficiency in overall AHDC1 expression levels, in contrast to the other deleted genes, which exhibited a 50% reduction in mRNA expression. These results suggest that AHDC1 expression in this individual is compensated by a novel regulatory mechanism and advances understanding of mutational and regulatory mechanisms in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varuna Chander
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Medhat Mahmoud
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianhong Hu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zain Dardas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Moez Dawood
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael M. Khayat
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - He Li
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shoudong Li
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shalini Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Viktoriya Korchina
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hua Shen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Qingchang Meng
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Gingras
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Donna M. Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Harsha Doddapaneni
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James R. Lupski
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aniko Sabo
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David R. Murdock
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fritz J. Sedlazeck
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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4
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Ben-Mahmoud A, Jun KR, Gupta V, Shastri P, de la Fuente A, Park Y, Shin KC, Kim CA, da Cruz AD, Pinto IP, Minasi LB, Silva da Cruz A, Faivre L, Callier P, Racine C, Layman LC, Kong IK, Kim CH, Kim WY, Kim HG. A rigorous in silico genomic interrogation at 1p13.3 reveals 16 autosomal dominant candidate genes in syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:979061. [PMID: 36277487 PMCID: PMC9582330 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.979061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide chromosomal microarray is extensively used to detect copy number variations (CNVs), which can diagnose microdeletion and microduplication syndromes. These small unbalanced chromosomal structural rearrangements ranging from 1 kb to 10 Mb comprise up to 15% of human mutations leading to monogenic or contiguous genomic disorders. Albeit rare, CNVs at 1p13.3 cause a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) including development delay (DD), intellectual disability (ID), autism, epilepsy, and craniofacial anomalies (CFA). Most of the 1p13.3 CNV cases reported in the pre-microarray era encompassed a large number of genes and lacked the demarcating genomic coordinates, hampering the discovery of positional candidate genes within the boundaries. In this study, we present four subjects with 1p13.3 microdeletions displaying DD, ID, autism, epilepsy, and CFA. In silico comparative genomic mapping with three previously reported subjects with CNVs and 22 unreported DECIPHER CNV cases has resulted in the identification of four different sub-genomic loci harboring five positional candidate genes for DD, ID, and CFA at 1p13.3. Most of these genes have pathogenic variants reported, and their interacting genes are involved in NDDs. RT-qPCR in various human tissues revealed a high expression pattern in the brain and fetal brain, supporting their functional roles in NDDs. Interrogation of variant databases and interacting protein partners led to the identification of another set of 11 potential candidate genes, which might have been dysregulated by the position effect of these CNVs at 1p13.3. Our studies define 1p13.3 as a genomic region harboring 16 NDD candidate genes and underscore the critical roles of small CNVs in in silico comparative genomic mapping for disease gene discovery. Our candidate genes will help accelerate the isolation of pathogenic heterozygous variants from exome/genome sequencing (ES/GS) databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afif Ben-Mahmoud
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kyung Ran Jun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Vijay Gupta
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Pinang Shastri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cape Fear Valley Medical Center, Fayetteville, NC, United States
| | - Alberto de la Fuente
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yongsoo Park
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kyung Chul Shin
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chong Ae Kim
- Faculdade de Medicina, Unidade de Genética do Instituto da Criança – Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aparecido Divino da Cruz
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Genetics Master Program, Replicon Research Group, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Genetics Master Program, Replicon Research Nucleus, School of Agrarian and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goias, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Irene Plaza Pinto
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Genetics Master Program, Replicon Research Group, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Genetics Master Program, Replicon Research Nucleus, School of Agrarian and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goias, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lysa Bernardes Minasi
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Genetics Master Program, Replicon Research Group, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Genetics Master Program, Replicon Research Nucleus, School of Agrarian and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goias, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Alex Silva da Cruz
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Genetics Master Program, Replicon Research Group, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Genetics Master Program, Replicon Research Nucleus, School of Agrarian and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goias, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental Disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Hôpital d’Enfants, Dijon, France
| | - Patrick Callier
- UMR 1231 GAD, Inserm – Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Caroline Racine
- UMR 1231 GAD, Inserm – Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Lawrence C. Layman
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility and Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Woo-Yang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Hyung-Goo Kim
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Hyung-Goo Kim,
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5
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Lin SZ, Xie HY, Qu YL, Gao W, Wang WQ, Li JY, Feng XC, Jin CQ. Novel frameshift mutation in the AHDC1 gene in a Chinese global developmental delay patient: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:7517-7522. [PMID: 36157999 PMCID: PMC9353910 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i21.7517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xia–Gibbs syndrome (XGS, OMIM: 615829), caused by mutations within the AT-Hook DNA-binding motif-containing protein 1 (AHDC1) gene (OMIM: 615790), located on the short arm of chromosome 1 within the cytogenetic band 1p36.11, contains five noncoding 5 exons, a single 4.9-kb coding exon, and a noncoding 3 exon.
CASE SUMMARY In this case report, we diagnosed and treated a 6-mo-old girl with XGS. The primary clinical symptoms included global developmental delay, hypotonia, and mild dysmorphic features. Using high-throughput whole-exosome sequencing to sequence the patient and her parents, and the results showed a novel frameshift mutation of c.1155dupG (p.Arg386Alafs*3) in the AHDC1 gene. The paternal gene was wild type.
CONCLUSION This report extends the mutation spectrum of the AHDC1 gene to provide the diagnostic basis for genetic counseling in families with XGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Zhu Lin
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong-Yan Xie
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan-Lai Qu
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wan-Qi Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Feng
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chun-Quan Jin
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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6
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Salvati A, Biagioni T, Ferrari AR, Lopergolo D, Brovedani P, Bartolini E. Different pilepsy course of a novel AHDC1 mutation in a female monozygotic twin pair. Seizure 2022; 99:127-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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7
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Romano F, Falco M, Cappuccio G, Brunetti-Pierri N, Lonardo F, Torella A, Digilio MC, Dentici ML, Alfieri P, Agolini E, Novelli A, Garavelli L, Accogli A, Striano P, Scarano G, Nigro V, Scala M, Capra V. Genotype-phenotype spectrum and correlations in Xia-Gibbs syndrome: Report of five novel cases and literature review. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:759-767. [PMID: 35716097 PMCID: PMC9545659 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Xia‐Gibbs syndrome (XGS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the AT‐hook DNA‐binding motif‐containing 1 gene (AHDC1), encoding a protein with a crucial role in transcription and epigenetic regulation, axonogenesis, brain function, and neurodevelopment. AHDC1 variants possibly act through a dominant‐negative mechanism and may interfere with DNA repair processes, leading to genome instability and impaired DNA translesion repair. Variants affecting residues closer to the N‐terminal are thought to determine a milder phenotype with better cognitive performances. However, clean‐cut genotype–phenotype correlations are still lacking. Cases In this study, we investigated five subjects with XGS in whom exome sequencing led to the identification of five novel de novo pathogenic variants in AHDC1. All variants were extremely rare and predicted to cause a loss of protein function. The phenotype of the reported patients included developmental delay, hypotonia, and distinctive facial dysmorphisms. Additionally, uncommon clinical features were observed, including congenital hypothyroidism and peculiar skeletal abnormalities. Conclusions In this study, we report uncommon XGS features associated with five novel truncating variants in AHDC, thus expanding the genotype and phenotypic spectrum of this complex condition. We also compared our cases to previously reported cases, discussing the current status of genotype–phenotype correlations in XGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferruccio Romano
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Gerarda Cappuccio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | - Annalaura Torella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Medical Genetics Unit, Medical Genetics and Rare Disease Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Dentici
- Medical Genetics Unit, Medical Genetics and Rare Disease Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Alfieri
- Neuropsichiatric Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Agolini
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Garavelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, McGill University, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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- Telethon Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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8
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Collier A, Liu A, Torkelson J, Pattison J, Gaddam S, Zhen H, Patel T, McCarthy K, Ghanim H, Oro AE. Gibbin mesodermal regulation patterns epithelial development. Nature 2022; 606:188-196. [PMID: 35585237 PMCID: PMC9202145 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Proper ectodermal patterning during human development requires previously identified transcription factors such as GATA3 and p63, as well as positional signalling from regional mesoderm1-6. However, the mechanism by which ectoderm and mesoderm factors act to stably pattern gene expression and lineage commitment remains unclear. Here we identify the protein Gibbin, encoded by the Xia-Gibbs AT-hook DNA-binding-motif-containing 1 (AHDC1) disease gene7-9, as a key regulator of early epithelial morphogenesis. We find that enhancer- or promoter-bound Gibbin interacts with dozens of sequence-specific zinc-finger transcription factors and methyl-CpG-binding proteins to regulate the expression of mesoderm genes. The loss of Gibbin causes an increase in DNA methylation at GATA3-dependent mesodermal genes, resulting in a loss of signalling between developing dermal and epidermal cell types. Notably, Gibbin-mutant human embryonic stem-cell-derived skin organoids lack dermal maturation, resulting in p63-expressing basal cells that possess defective keratinocyte stratification. In vivo chimeric CRISPR mouse mutants reveal a spectrum of Gibbin-dependent developmental patterning defects affecting craniofacial structure, abdominal wall closure and epidermal stratification that mirror patient phenotypes. Our results indicate that the patterning phenotypes seen in Xia-Gibbs and related syndromes derive from abnormal mesoderm maturation as a result of gene-specific DNA methylation decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Collier
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Angela Liu
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Torkelson
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jillian Pattison
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sadhana Gaddam
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hanson Zhen
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Patel
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kelly McCarthy
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hana Ghanim
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anthony E Oro
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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9
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Danda S, Datar C, Kher A, Deshpande T, Thomas MM, Oommen SP. First reported cases with Xia-Gibbs syndrome from India harboring novel variants in AHDC1. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2501-2504. [PMID: 35596688 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report here two girls from different Indian families identified with novel variants in the AT Hook DNA Binding Motif Containing 1 gene (AHDC1) causing Xia-Gibbs syndrome. The diagnosis was made by clinical exome in both cases. Inconsistent dysmorphic features such as dolichocephaly in the first patient and brachycephaly in the second were observed. Prominent jaw and gelastic seizures were other features of patient 1. Thus, this syndrome, with developmental delay, poor expressive language and overlapping clinical phenotype requires the utility of next generation sequencing for diagnostic confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Danda
- Department of Medical Genetics, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Chaitanya Datar
- Department of Paediatrics, Genetics Unit, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Archana Kher
- Department of Paediatrics, Genetics Unit, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Tanmay Deshpande
- Department of Paediatrics, Genetics Unit, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Maya Mary Thomas
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Samuel P Oommen
- Department of Developmental Paediatrics, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
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10
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Khayat MM, Hu J, Jiang Y, Li H, Chander V, Dawood M, Hansen AW, Li S, Friedman J, Cross L, Bijlsma EK, Ruivenkamp CA, Sansbury FH, Innis JW, Omark O’Shea J, Meng Q, Rosenfeld JA, McWalter K, Wangler MF, Lupski JR, Posey JE, Murdock D, Gibbs RA. AHDC1 missense mutations in Xia-Gibbs syndrome. HGG ADVANCES 2021; 2:100049. [PMID: 34950897 PMCID: PMC8694554 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Xia-Gibbs syndrome (XGS; MIM: 615829) is a phenotypically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) caused by newly arising mutations in the AT-Hook DNA-Binding Motif-Containing 1 (AHDC1) gene that are predicted to lead to truncated AHDC1 protein synthesis. More than 270 individuals have been diagnosed with XGS worldwide. Despite the absence of an independent assay for AHDC1 protein function to corroborate potential functional consequences of rare variant genetic findings, there are also reports of individuals with XGS-like trait manifestations who have de novo missense AHDC1 mutations and who have been provided a molecular diagnosis of the disorder. To investigate a potential contribution of missense mutations to XGS, we mapped the missense mutations from 10 such individuals to the AHDC1 conserved protein domain structure and detailed the observed phenotypes. Five newly identified individuals were ascertained from a local XGS Registry, and an additional five were taken from external reports or databases, including one publication. Where clinical data were available, individuals with missense mutations all displayed phenotypes consistent with those observed in individuals with AHDC1 truncating mutations, including delayed motor milestones, intellectual disability (ID), hypotonia, and speech delay. A subset of the 10 reported missense mutations cluster in two regions of the AHDC1 protein with known conserved domains, likely representing functional motifs. Variants outside the clustered regions score lower for computational prediction of their likely damaging effects. Overall, de novo missense variants in AHDC1 are likely diagnostic of XGS when in silico analysis of their position relative to conserved regions is considered together with disease trait manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Khayat
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianhong Hu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yunyun Jiang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - He Li
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Varuna Chander
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Moez Dawood
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adam W. Hansen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shoudong Li
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Friedman
- UCSD Departments of Neuroscience and Pediatrics, Rady Children’s Hospital Division of Neurology, Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laura Cross
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Children’s Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Emilia K. Bijlsma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Francis H. Sansbury
- All Wales Medical Genomics Service, NHS Wales Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeffrey W. Innis
- Departments of Human Genetics, Pediatrics, and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Qingchang Meng
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael F. Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James R. Lupski
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Murdock
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Faergeman SL, Bojesen AB, Rasmussen M, Becher N, Andreasen L, Andersen BN, Erbs E, Lildballe DL, Nielsen JEK, Zilmer M, Hammer TB, Andersen MØ, Brasch-Andersen C, Fagerberg CR, Illum NO, Thorup MB, Gregersen PA. Phenotypic heterogeneity and mosaicism in Xia-Gibbs syndrome: Five Danish patients with novel variants in AHDC1. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104280. [PMID: 34229113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Xia-Gibbs syndrome (XGS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delay, seizures, hypotonia, obstructive sleep apnoea and mild facial dysmorphism. Heterozygosity for loss-of-function variants in AHDC1, encoding the AT-hook DNA binding motif containing protein 1, were discovered in 2014 as the likely genetic cause of Xia-Gibbs syndrome. We present five patients with Xia-Gibbs syndrome caused by previously unreported variants in AHDC1. Two of the patients share a frameshift variant: c.2849del (p.(Pro950Argfs*192)) in AHDC1. Despite sharing this variant, the two patients show remarkable phenotypic differences underscoring the clinical heterogeneity of Xia-Gibbs syndrome. In addition, we present a case of Xia-Gibbs syndrome caused by mosaicism for an AHDC1 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soren L Faergeman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Anders B Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Naja Becher
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Andreasen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian N Andersen
- Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Centre for Rare Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Denmark
| | - Emilie Erbs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Dorte L Lildballe
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Jens Erik K Nielsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Monica Zilmer
- Department of Paediatrics, Danish Epilepsy Centre Filadelfia, 4293 Dianalund, Denmark
| | - Trine Bjørg Hammer
- Department of Paediatrics, Danish Epilepsy Centre Filadelfia, 4293 Dianalund, Denmark; Clinical Genetic Department, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Ø Andersen
- Center for Spine Surgery & Research, Region of Southern Denmark, Østre Hougvej 55, DK-5500, Middelfart, Denmark
| | | | | | - Niels O Illum
- Division of Child Neurology, H. C. Andersen Children- and Youth Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette B Thorup
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pernille A Gregersen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Centre for Rare Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Denmark
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12
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Han Q, Yang Y, Wu S, Liao Y, Zhang S, Liang H, Cram DS, Zhang Y. Cruxome: a powerful tool for annotating, interpreting and reporting genetic variants. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:407. [PMID: 34082700 PMCID: PMC8173893 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an efficient tool used for identifying pathogenic variants that cause Mendelian disorders. However, the lack of bioinformatics training of researchers makes the interpretation of identified variants a challenge in terms of precision and efficiency. In addition, the non-standardized phenotypic description of human diseases also makes it difficult to establish an integrated analysis pathway for variant annotation and interpretation. Solutions to these bottlenecks are urgently needed. Results We develop a tool named “Cruxome” to automatically annotate and interpret single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions and deletions (InDels). Our approach greatly simplifies the current burdensome task of clinical geneticists and scientists to identify the causative pathogenic variants and build personal knowledge reference bases. The integrated architecture of Cruxome offers key advantages such as an interactive and user-friendly interface and the assimilation of electronic health records of the patient. By combining a natural language processing algorithm, Cruxome can efficiently process the clinical description of diseases to HPO standardized vocabularies. By using machine learning, in silico predictive algorithms, integrated multiple databases and supplementary tools, Cruxome can automatically process SNVs and InDels variants (trio-family or proband-only cases) and clinical diagnosis records, then annotate, score, identify and interpret pathogenic variants to finally generate a standardized clinical report following American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/ Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) guidelines. Cruxome also provides supplementary tools to examine and visualize the genes or variations in historical cases, which can help to better understand the genetic basis of the disease. Conclusions Cruxome is an efficient tool for annotation and interpretation of variations and dramatically reduces the workload for clinical geneticists and researchers to interpret NGS results, simplifying their decision-making processes. We present an online version of Cruxome, which is freely available to academics and clinical researchers. The site is accessible at http://114.251.61.49:10024/cruxome/. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07728-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Han
- Berry Genomics Company Limited, Building 5, Courtyard 4, Shengmingyuan Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, 102200, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Xian Children's Hospital, 710003, Xian, China
| | - Shengyang Wu
- Berry Genomics Company Limited, Building 5, Courtyard 4, Shengmingyuan Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, 102200, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Liao
- Berry Genomics Company Limited, Building 5, Courtyard 4, Shengmingyuan Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, 102200, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Berry Genomics Company Limited, Building 5, Courtyard 4, Shengmingyuan Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, 102200, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Liang
- Berry Genomics Company Limited, Building 5, Courtyard 4, Shengmingyuan Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, 102200, Beijing, China
| | - David S Cram
- Berry Genomics Company Limited, Building 5, Courtyard 4, Shengmingyuan Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, 102200, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Berry Genomics Company Limited, Building 5, Courtyard 4, Shengmingyuan Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, 102200, Beijing, China.
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13
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Focusing on Autism Spectrum Disorder in Xia-Gibbs Syndrome: Description of a Female with High Functioning Autism and Literature Review. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8060450. [PMID: 34073322 PMCID: PMC8227570 DOI: 10.3390/children8060450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Xia–Gibbs syndrome (XGS) is a rare disorder caused by de novo mutations in the AT-Hook DNA binding motif Containing 1 (AHDC1) gene, which is characterised by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, including global developmental delay, intellectual disability, structural abnormalities of the brain, global hypotonia, feeding problems, sleep difficulties and apnoea, facial dysmorphisms, and short stature. Methods: Here, we report on a girl patient who shows a peculiar cognitive and behavioural profile including high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without intellectual disability and provide information on her developmental trajectory with the aim of expanding knowledge of the XGS clinical spectrum. On the basis of the current clinical case and the literature review, we also attempt to deepen understanding of behavioural and psychiatric manifestations associated with XGS. Results: In addition to the patient we described, a considerable rate of individuals with XGS display autistic symptoms or have been diagnosed with an autistic spectrum disorder. Moreover, the analysis of the few psychopathological profiles of patients with XGS described in the literature shows a frequent presence of aggressive and self-injurious behaviours that could be either an expression of autistic functioning or an additional symptom of the ASD evolution. A careful investigation of the abovementioned symptoms is therefore required, since they could represent a “red flag” for ASD.
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14
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Khayat MM, Li H, Chander V, Hu J, Hansen AW, Li S, Traynelis J, Shen H, Weissenberger G, Stossi F, Johnson HL, Lupski JR, Posey JE, Sabo A, Meng Q, Murdock DR, Wangler M, Gibbs RA. Phenotypic and protein localization heterogeneity associated with AHDC1 pathogenic protein-truncating alleles in Xia-Gibbs syndrome. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:577-591. [PMID: 33644933 PMCID: PMC8115934 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Xia-Gibbs syndrome (XGS) is a rare Mendelian disease typically caused by de novo stop-gain or frameshift mutations in the AT-hook DNA binding motif containing 1 (AHDC1) gene. Patients usually present in early infancy with hypotonia and developmental delay and later exhibit intellectual disability (ID). The overall presentation is variable, however, and the emerging clinical picture is still evolving. A detailed phenotypic analysis of 34 XGS individuals revealed five core phenotypes (delayed motor milestones, speech delay, low muscle tone, ID, and hypotonia) in more than 80% of individuals and an additional 12 features that occurred more variably. Seizures and scoliosis were more frequently associated with truncations that arise before the midpoint of the protein although the occurrence of most features could not be predicted by the mutation position. Transient expression of wild type and different patient truncated AHDC1 protein forms in human cell lines revealed abnormal patterns of nuclear localization including a diffuse distribution of a short truncated form and nucleolar aggregation in mid-protein truncated forms. Overall, both the occurrence of variable phenotypes and the different distribution of the expressed protein reflect the heterogeneity of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Khayat
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - He Li
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Varuna Chander
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianhong Hu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Adam W. Hansen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shoudong Li
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Josh Traynelis
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hua Shen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Fabio Stossi
- Integrated Microscopy Core, Advanced Technology Cores, Dan
L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,
USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hannah L. Johnson
- Integrated Microscopy Core, Advanced Technology Cores, Dan
L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,
USA
| | - James R. Lupski
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aniko Sabo
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qingchang Meng
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David R. Murdock
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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15
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Ellis C, Pai GS, Wine Lee L. Atypical aplasia cutis in association with Xia Gibbs syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 2021; 38:533-535. [PMID: 33464633 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Xia Gibbs syndrome is a genetic disorder first defined in 2014 characterized by hypotonia, intellectual disability, global developmental delay, and dysmorphic facial features. While many additional features may be present, there are few reports of dermatologic findings. We report a case of atypical aplasia cutis in a female infant who was found to have Xia Gibbs syndrome. This case highlights consideration of cutaneous manifestations of Xia Gibbs syndrome which may aid in diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter Ellis
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Lara Wine Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery and Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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16
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Mubungu G, Makay P, Boujemla B, Yanda S, Posey JE, Lupski JR, Bours V, Lukusa P, Devriendt K, Lumaka A. Clinical presentation and evolution of Xia-Gibbs syndrome due to p.Gly375ArgfsTer3 variant in a patient from DR Congo (Central Africa). Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:990-994. [PMID: 33372375 PMCID: PMC9235023 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Xia-Gibbs syndrome (XGS) is a very rare genetic condition. The clinical spectrum is very broad and variable. The phenotype and evolution in a Congolese boy with XGS have been reported. At 6 years he had speech delay, drooling, marked hyperactivity, attention deficit, aggressive behavior, and intellectual disability. Dysmorphological evaluation revealed strabismus, mild unilateral ptosis, uplifted ear lobes, flat philtrum, thin upper lip vermillion, high arched palate, and flat feet. Patient-only whole exome sequencing identified a known pathogenic frameshift variant in the AHDC1 gene [NM_001029882.3(AHDC1):c.1122dupC;(p.Gly375ArgfsTer3)]. The clinical follow-up revealed the deterioration of his fine motor skills and significant cerebellar phenotype including tremor, pes cavus, and gait instability at the age of 12 years. This patient was compared with three previously reported patients with the same variant but did not identify a consistent pattern in the evolution of symptoms with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrye Mubungu
- Centre for Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR, Congo
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale,
Kinshasa, DR, Congo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR, Congo
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospital, University
of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Prince Makay
- Centre for Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR, Congo
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale,
Kinshasa, DR, Congo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR, Congo
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospital, University
of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bouchra Boujemla
- Laboratoire de Génétique Humaine,
GIGA-Research Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stephane Yanda
- Unit of Medical Imaging, Department of Internal medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR, Congo
| | - Jennifer E. Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Vincent Bours
- Laboratoire de Génétique Humaine,
GIGA-Research Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Prosper Lukusa
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale,
Kinshasa, DR, Congo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR, Congo
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospital, University
of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Génétique Humaine,
GIGA-Research Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Devriendt
- Laboratoire de Génétique Humaine,
GIGA-Research Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Aimé Lumaka
- Centre for Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR, Congo
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale,
Kinshasa, DR, Congo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR, Congo
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospital, University
of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Génétique Humaine,
GIGA-Research Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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17
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Abstract
Xia-Gibbs syndrome (XGS) is a rare genetic disorder that has been discovered as a distinct clinical entity in the recent past. The occurrence has been attributed to the mutation of AT Hook DNA binding motif Containing 1 (AHDC1) gene that is carried on chromosome 1p36. The concerned gene participates in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair apart from other crucial functions. The mutation results in dysfunction that leads to neurodevelopmental delay. The spectrum of manifestations constitutes intellectual disabilities, hypotonia, expressive language delay, sleep difficulties, and short stature. Dysmorphic facial features include depressed nasal bridge, hypertelorism, down-slanting or up-slanting palpebral fissures, horizontal eyebrows, dysplastic dentition, thin upper lip vermilion, and micrognathia. The phenotype is still expanding. The condition may range from mild to severe dysfunction depending on the area and site of genetic aberration but variation is evident. Thus, the correlation between genotype and phenotype is largely unclear. XGS should be considered as a differential diagnosis for patients presenting with intellectual as well as developmental disabilities. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) is the genetic test that is largely used for the confirmation of diagnosis. Less is known about the natural history as only a few adults with XGS have been documented in the literature. Age-appropriate cancer screening is recommended for patients with XGS as the gene mutation alters DNA repair mechanisms that may trigger tumour formation. The management of patients diagnosed with XGS is an area that needs investigation. Though use of growth hormone replacement therapy and physiotherapy intervention have been reported as effective in previous studies, research on effective means of care of these patients is warranted on a larger number of patients. We present a review of current literature on what is known about XGS that would facilitate to identify knowledge gaps for paving a way for further studies. This, in turn, will help in provision of early and effective rehabilitation services for patients with XGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanan Goyal
- Physiotherapy, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Waqar M Naqvi
- Physiotherapy, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Arti Sahu
- Physiotherapy, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Ashish S Aujla
- Paediatric Neurology, Kids Care Paediatric Neurology Center, Raipur, IND
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18
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Pantel JT, Hajjir N, Danyel M, Elsner J, Abad-Perez AT, Hansen P, Mundlos S, Spielmann M, Horn D, Ott CE, Mensah MA. Efficiency of Computer-Aided Facial Phenotyping (DeepGestalt) in Individuals With and Without a Genetic Syndrome: Diagnostic Accuracy Study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e19263. [PMID: 33090109 PMCID: PMC7644377 DOI: 10.2196/19263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Collectively, an estimated 5% of the population have a genetic disease. Many of them feature characteristics that can be detected by facial phenotyping. Face2Gene CLINIC is an online app for facial phenotyping of patients with genetic syndromes. DeepGestalt, the neural network driving Face2Gene, automatically prioritizes syndrome suggestions based on ordinary patient photographs, potentially improving the diagnostic process. Hitherto, studies on DeepGestalt’s quality highlighted its sensitivity in syndromic patients. However, determining the accuracy of a diagnostic methodology also requires testing of negative controls. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate DeepGestalt's accuracy with photos of individuals with and without a genetic syndrome. Moreover, we aimed to propose a machine learning–based framework for the automated differentiation of DeepGestalt’s output on such images. Methods Frontal facial images of individuals with a diagnosis of a genetic syndrome (established clinically or molecularly) from a convenience sample were reanalyzed. Each photo was matched by age, sex, and ethnicity to a picture featuring an individual without a genetic syndrome. Absence of a facial gestalt suggestive of a genetic syndrome was determined by physicians working in medical genetics. Photos were selected from online reports or were taken by us for the purpose of this study. Facial phenotype was analyzed by DeepGestalt version 19.1.7, accessed via Face2Gene CLINIC. Furthermore, we designed linear support vector machines (SVMs) using Python 3.7 to automatically differentiate between the 2 classes of photographs based on DeepGestalt's result lists. Results We included photos of 323 patients diagnosed with 17 different genetic syndromes and matched those with an equal number of facial images without a genetic syndrome, analyzing a total of 646 pictures. We confirm DeepGestalt’s high sensitivity (top 10 sensitivity: 295/323, 91%). DeepGestalt’s syndrome suggestions in individuals without a craniofacially dysmorphic syndrome followed a nonrandom distribution. A total of 17 syndromes appeared in the top 30 suggestions of more than 50% of nondysmorphic images. DeepGestalt’s top scores differed between the syndromic and control images (area under the receiver operating characteristic [AUROC] curve 0.72, 95% CI 0.68-0.76; P<.001). A linear SVM running on DeepGestalt’s result vectors showed stronger differences (AUROC 0.89, 95% CI 0.87-0.92; P<.001). Conclusions DeepGestalt fairly separates images of individuals with and without a genetic syndrome. This separation can be significantly improved by SVMs running on top of DeepGestalt, thus supporting the diagnostic process of patients with a genetic syndrome. Our findings facilitate the critical interpretation of DeepGestalt’s results and may help enhance it and similar computer-aided facial phenotyping tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Tori Pantel
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nurulhuda Hajjir
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Klinik für Pädiatrie mit Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie, Nephrologie und Stoffwechselmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Magdalena Danyel
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Rare Diseases, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Elsner
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela Teresa Abad-Perez
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hansen
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,RG Development & Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malte Spielmann
- RG Development & Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Denise Horn
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claus-Eric Ott
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Atta Mensah
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Lupski JR, Liu P, Stankiewicz P, Carvalho CMB, Posey JE. Clinical genomics and contextualizing genome variation in the diagnostic laboratory. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:995-1002. [PMID: 32954863 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1826312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The human genome contains the instructions for the development and biological homeostasis of the human organism and the genetic transmission of traits. Genome variation in human populations is the basis of evolution; individual or personal genomes vary tremendously, making each of us truly unique. AREAS COVERED Assaying this individual variation using genomic technologies has many applications in clinical medicine, from elucidating the biology of disease to designing strategies to ameliorate perturbations from homeostasis. Detecting pathogenic rare variation in a genome may provide a molecular diagnosis that can be informative for patient management and family healthcare. EXPERT OPINION Despite the increasing clinical use of unbiased genomic testing, including chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) with array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) or SNP arrays, clinical exome sequencing (cES), and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), to survey genome-wide for molecular aberrations, clinical acumen paired with an understanding of the limitations of each testing type will be needed to achieve molecular diagnoses. Potential opportunities for improving case solved rates, functionally annotating the majority of genes in the human genome, and further understanding genetic contributions to disease will empower clinical genomics and the precision medicine initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA.,Baylor Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pawel Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
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20
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Goyal C, Naqvi W, Sahu A. Xia-Gibbs Syndrome: A Rare Case Report of a Male Child and Insight into Physiotherapy Management. Cureus 2020; 12:e9622. [PMID: 32923223 PMCID: PMC7478925 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Xia-Gibbs syndrome (XGS) is a recently discovered genetic disorder. It is characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual impairment, hypotonia, and sleep abnormalities. While the current literature emphasizes on the genotype and phenotype of this rare condition, it does not provide any description of the physiotherapy management of patients with XGS. We report a case of a 27-month-old Indian male diagnosed with XGS, who presented with difficulty in sitting without support. He had dysmorphic facies, hypotonia, hyperextensible joints, mild kyphoscoliosis, and global developmental delay. His parents and an elder female sibling were clinically asymptomatic. The physiotherapy intervention was based on the principles of neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) and sensory integration (SI). The management included facilitation of transitions, weight-bearing exercises, wheelbarrow walking, joint compressions, rib cage mobilization, multidirectional reaching, and pushing-pulling activities along with the use of equipment like Swiss ball, balance board, stability disc, trampoline, swing system, walker (rollator), and walking harness. Also, stabilizing pressure input orthosis (SPIO) for the trunk and ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) followed by supramalleolar orthosis (SMO) were used for support. Thereafter, the child was able to stand and walk without support at the age of 36 months, and walk on uneven terrain at the age of 42 months. In addition, he could negotiate stairs using handrails with mild assistance. His gross motor function measure-88 (GMFM-88) total score improved from 21% at the presentation to 66.6% following the treatment. It was observed that the NDT and SI approaches along with the use of appropriate orthoses accelerated the achievement of motor milestones in this case. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a child with XGS that emphasizes on the course of physiotherapy management for the associated motor delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanan Goyal
- Physiotherapy, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND.,Neuroscience, Government Physiotherapy College, Raipur, IND
| | - Waqar Naqvi
- Community Physiotherapy, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Arti Sahu
- Physiotherapy, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
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21
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Cardoso-Dos-Santos AC, Oliveira Silva T, Silveira Faccini A, Woycinck Kowalski T, Bertoli-Avella A, Morales Saute JA, Schuler-Faccini L, de Oliveira Poswar F. Novel AHDC1 Gene Mutation in a Brazilian Individual: Implications of Xia-Gibbs Syndrome. Mol Syndromol 2020; 11:24-29. [PMID: 32256298 DOI: 10.1159/000505843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Xia-Gibbs syndrome (XGS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by global developmental delay, hypotonia, intellectual disability, seizures, and sleep apnea. XGS is defined by monoallelic pathogenic variants in AHDC1. In this study, we identified a Brazilian patient carrying a likely de novo AHDC1 nonsense mutation (c.451C>T; p.Arg151*) which was absent in both parents. All disease-causative variants already associated with XGS have been reviewed and the mutation described here corresponds to the closest one to the N-terminal region. Our findings were discussed based on the suggested genotype-phenotype correlation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Oliveira Silva
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jonas A Morales Saute
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Internal Medicine Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lavinia Schuler-Faccini
- Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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22
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Microdeletion and microduplication of 1p36.11p35.3 involving AHDC1 contribute to neurodevelopmental disorder. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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He P, Yang Y, Zhen L, Li DZ. Recurrent hypoplasia of corpus callosum as a prenatal phenotype of Xia-Gibbs syndrome caused by maternal germline mosaicism of an AHDC1 variant. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 244:208-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Using facial analysis technology in a typical genetic clinic: experience from 30 individuals from a single institution. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:1243-1245. [PMID: 31551534 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Differentiation of MISSLA and Fanconi anaemia by computer-aided image analysis and presentation of two novel MISSLA siblings. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1827-1835. [PMID: 31320746 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in DONSON were recently identified as the cause of microcephaly, short stature, and limb abnormalities syndrome (MISSLA). The clinical spectra of MISSLA and Fanconi anaemia (FA) strongly overlap. For that reason, some MISSLA patients have been clinically diagnosed with FA. Here, we present the clinical data of siblings with MISSLA featuring a novel DONSON variant and summarize the current literature on MISSLA. Additionally, we perform computer-aided image analysis using the DeepGestalt technology to test how distinct the facial features of MISSLA and FA patients are. We show that MISSLA has a specific facial gestalt. Notably, we find that also FA patients feature facial characteristics recognizable by computer-aided image analysis. We conclude that computer-assisted image analysis improves diagnostic precision in both MISSLA and FA.
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26
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Murdock DR, Jiang Y, Wangler M, Khayat MM, Sabo A, Juusola J, McWalter K, Schatz KS, Gunay-Aygun M, Gibbs RA. Xia-Gibbs syndrome in adulthood: a case report with insight into the natural history of the condition. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2019; 5:a003608. [PMID: 30622101 PMCID: PMC6549549 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a003608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A 55-yr-old male with severe intellectual disability, behavioral problems, kyphoscoliosis, and dysmorphic features was referred for a genetic evaluation. Chromosomal microarray, RASopathy gene panel, mitochondrial sequencing, and fragile X testing were all negative. Subsequent whole-exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous, truncating variant in the AHDC1 gene, consistent with a diagnosis of Xia-Gibbs syndrome (XGS). Review of his clinical history showed many classic dysmorphic and clinical features of XGS, but no major health issues in adulthood other than intellectual disability. This individual is the oldest published XGS case to date, demonstrates the wide phenotypic spectrum of the disorder, and provides information on the condition's natural history. As more adults undergo genomic studies, we will continue to learn about the adult phenotypes of genetic conditions typically diagnosed in the pediatric setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Murdock
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yunyun Jiang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael M Khayat
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Aniko Sabo
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | - Krista Sondergaard Schatz
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Meral Gunay-Aygun
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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27
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Pascolini G, Fleischer N, Ferraris A, Majore S, Grammatico P. The facial dysmorphology analysis technology in intellectual disability syndromes related to defects in the histones modifiers. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:721-728. [PMID: 31086247 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic syndromes are frequently associated with Intellectual Disability (ID), as well as craniofacial dysmorphisms. A group of ID syndromes with typical abnormal face related to chromatin remodeling defects, have been recognized, coining the term chromatinopathies. This is a molecular heterogeneous subset of congenital disorders caused by mutations of the various components of the Chromatin-Marking System (CMS), including modifiers of DNA and chromatin remodelers. We performed a phenotypic study on a sample of 120 individuals harboring variants in genes codifying for the histones enzymes, using the DeepGestalt technology. Three experiments (two multiclass comparison experiments and a frontal face-crop analysis) were conducted, analyzing respectively a total of 181 pediatric images in the first comparison experiment and 180 in the second, all individuals belonging predominantly to Caucasian population. The classification results were expressed in terms of the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (ROC). Significant values of AUC and low p-values were registered for all syndromes in the three experiments, in comparison with each other, with other ID syndromes characterized by recognizable craniofacial dysmorphisms and with unaffected controls. Final findings indicated that this group of diseases is characterized by distinctive dysmorphisms, which result pathognomonic. A correct interrogation and use of adequate informatics aids, could become a valid support for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pascolini
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandro Ferraris
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Majore
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Grammatico
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
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28
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Díaz-Ordoñez L, Ramirez-Montaño D, Candelo E, Cruz S, Pachajoa H. Syndromic Intellectual Disability Caused by a Novel Truncating Variant in AHDC1: A Case Report. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 44:257-261. [PMID: 31182893 PMCID: PMC6525729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the AHDC1 gene are associated with the Xia-Gibbs syndrome (XGS), a sporadic genetic disorder characterised by developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, obstructive sleep apnoea, dysmorphic facial features, and cerebral malformations with plagiocephaly. Here we report the case of a 13-year-old Colombian female patient with a history of developmental delay, speech delay, sleep disturbances, and dysmorphic craniofacial features. The whole exome sequencing (WES) test revealed a novel de novo heterozygous frameshift mutation in AHDC1. The present case report describes the second case of mutations in AHDC1 in a Latin American patient. A literature review showed that the clinical features were similar in all reported patients. The WES test enabled the identification of the causality of this disorder characterised by high clinical and genetic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Díaz-Ordoñez
- Center for Research on Congenital Anomalies and Rare Diseases (CIACER), Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia;
| | - Diana Ramirez-Montaño
- Center for Research on Congenital Anomalies and Rare Diseases (CIACER), Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia;
| | - Estephania Candelo
- Center for Research on Congenital Anomalies and Rare Diseases (CIACER), Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia;
| | - Santiago Cruz
- Department of Genetics, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - Harry Pachajoa
- Center for Research on Congenital Anomalies and Rare Diseases (CIACER), Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia;
,Department of Genetics, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
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29
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Cheng X, Tang F, Hu X, Li H, Li M, Fu Y, Yan L, Li Z, Gou P, Su N, Gong C, He W, Xiang R, Bu D, Shen Y. Two Chinese Xia-Gibbs syndrome patients with partial growth hormone deficiency. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00596. [PMID: 30729726 PMCID: PMC6465669 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heterozygous mutations in the AT‐hook DNA‐binding motif containing one (AHDC1, OMIM * 615790) gene cause an autosomal dominant multisystem developmental disorder known as Xia‐Gibbs syndrome (OMIM #615829). Xia‐Gibbs syndrome typically presented with global developmental delay, hypotonia, obstructive sleep apnea, seizures, delayed myelination, micrognathia, and other mild dysmorphic features. Methods Description of the clinical materials of two Chinese boys who were diagnosed with Xia‐Gibbs syndrome based on clinical presentations and next generation sequencing. Review of clinical features and AHDC1 mutations in previously reported Xia‐Gibbs syndrome patients together with our two new patients. Results The Xia‐Gibbs syndrome patients exhibited short stature, hypotonia, global developmental delay, speech delay, simian crease, and mild dysmorphic features. Next generation sequencing revealed de novo heterozygous variants in AHDC1 gene. In addition, laboratory test revealed partial growth hormone deficiency. Both patients underwent growth hormone replacement therapy for 24 and 9 months, respectively, and exhibited good response to the treatment. Conclusion This is the first report of Xia‐Gibbs syndrome patients to be treated with growth hormone. Review of previously reported Xia‐Gibbs syndrome patient indicated that short stature is a frequent feature of this condition, but its underlying cause needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuyun Hu
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Hongduo Li
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yiyong Fu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhonghui Li
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Gou
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Su
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunzhu Gong
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Weilan He
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongmei Bu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.,Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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30
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Ritter AL, McDougall C, Skraban C, Medne L, Bedoukian EC, Asher SB, Balciuniene J, Campbell CD, Baker SW, Denenberg EH, Mazzola S, Fiordaliso SK, Krantz ID, Kaplan P, Ierardi‐Curto L, Santani AB, Zackai EH, Izumi K. Variable Clinical Manifestations of Xia‐Gibbs syndrome: Findings of Consecutively Identified Cases at a Single Children's Hospital. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:1890-1896. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L. Ritter
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
| | - Carey McDougall
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
| | - Cara Skraban
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
- Department of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
| | - Livija Medne
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
| | - Emma C. Bedoukian
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
| | - Stephanie B. Asher
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
| | - Jorune Balciuniene
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
| | - Colleen D. Campbell
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
| | - Samuel W. Baker
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
| | - Elizabeth H. Denenberg
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
| | - Sarah Mazzola
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
| | - Sarah K. Fiordaliso
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
| | - Ian D. Krantz
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
- Department of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
| | - Paige Kaplan
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
- Department of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
| | - Lynne Ierardi‐Curto
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
- Department of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
| | - Avni B. Santani
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
| | - Elaine H. Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
- Department of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
| | - Kosuke Izumi
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
- Department of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
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Phenotypic expansion illuminates multilocus pathogenic variation. Genet Med 2018; 20:1528-1537. [PMID: 29790871 PMCID: PMC6450542 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2018.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Multilocus variation, pathogenic variants in two or more disease
genes, can potentially explain the underlying genetic basis for apparent
phenotypic expansion in cases for which the observed clinical features
extend beyond those reported in association with a “known”
disease gene. Methods: Analyses focused on 106 patients, 19 for which apparent phenotypic
expansion was previously attributed to variation at known disease genes. We
performed a retrospective computational re-analysis of whole exome
sequencing data using stringent Variant Call File filtering criteria to
determine whether molecular diagnoses involving additional disease loci
might explain the observed expanded phenotypes. Results: Multilocus variation was identified in 31.6% (6/19) of families with
phenotypic expansion and 2.3% (2/87) without phenotypic expansion.
Intrafamilial clinical variability within 2 families was explained by
multilocus variation identified in the more severely affected sibling. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the role of multiple rare variants at
different loci in the etiology of genetically and clinically heterogeneous
cohorts. Intrafamilial phenotypic and genotypic variability allowed a
dissection of genotype-phenotype relationships in 2 families. Our data
emphasize the critical role of the clinician in diagnostic genomic analyses
and demonstrate that apparent phenotypic expansion may represent blended
phenotypes resulting from pathogenic variation at more than one locus.
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