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Wang S, Yan S, Xiao J, Chen Y, Chen A, Deng A, Wang T, He J, Peng X. A de novo mutation of ADAMTS8 in a patient with Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome. Mol Cytogenet 2023; 16:21. [PMID: 37649104 PMCID: PMC10469774 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-023-00654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WDSTS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the KMT2A gene and is usually characterized by hairy elbows, short stature, developmental delay, intellectual disability and obvious facial dysmorphism. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we report a 5-year-old girl with clinical features similar to WDSTS, including postnatal growth delay, retarded intellectual development, and ocular hypertelorism. Through whole-exome sequencing (WES), a frameshift variant of KMT2A was found in the patient but not in her parents' genomic DNA. By bioinformatics analysis, the KMT2A variant was demonstrated to be the top candidate pathogenic variant for the clinical phenotype consistent with WDSTS. Moreover, a duplication of exon 1 in ADAMTS8 (belonging to the zinc metalloproteinase family) was found in the genomic DNA of this patient, which may be responsible for the characteristics that are different from those of WDSTS, including early teething, rapid tooth replacement, and dysplastic enamel. CONCLUSIONS From the above results, we propose that in our patient, the frameshift variant in KMT2A is the main reason for the WDSTS phenotype, and the unreported mutation in ADAMTS8 may be the candidate reason for other characteristics that are different from those of WDSTS. Therefore, this study not only provides a new KMT2A variant associated with WDSTS but is also a reminder that combined mutations may be present in a case with more characteristics than those seen in WDSTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifeng Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuyuan Yan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingjun Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Anji Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Aimin Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Tuanmei Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangwen Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
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Phenotypic Variation in Two Siblings Affected with Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome: The Use of Expert Variant Interpreter (eVai) Suggests Clinical Relevance of a Variant in the KMT2A Gene. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081314. [PMID: 35893049 PMCID: PMC9394309 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome (SDS) is an autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by neutropenia, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, skeletal dysplasia, and an increased risk for leukemic transformation. Biallelic mutations in the SBDS gene have been found in about 90% of patients. The clinical spectrum of SDS in patients is wide, and variability has been noticed between different patients, siblings, and even within the same patient over time. Herein, we present two SDS siblings (UPN42 and UPN43) carrying the same SBDS mutations and showing relevant differences in their phenotypic presentation. Study aim. We attempted to understand whether other germline variants, in addition to SBDS, could explain some of the clinical variability noticed between the siblings. Methods. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed. Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms were defined for each patient, and the WES data were analyzed using the eVai and DIVAs platforms. Results. In UPN43, we found and confirmed, using Sanger sequencing, a novel de novo variant (c.10663G > A, p.Gly3555Ser) in the KMT2A gene that is associated with autosomal-dominant Wiedemann−Steiner Syndrome. The variant is classified as pathogenic according to different in silico prediction tools. Interestingly, it was found to be related to some of the HPO terms that describe UPN43. Conclusions. We postulate that the KMT2A variant found in UPN43 has a concomitant and co-occurring clinical effect, in addition to SBDS mutation. This dual molecular effect, supported by in silico prediction, could help to understand some of the clinical variations found among the siblings. In the future, these new data are likely to be useful for personalized medicine and therapy for selected cases.
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Nothof SA, Magdinier F, Van-Gils J. Chromatin Structure and Dynamics: Focus on Neuronal Differentiation and Pathological Implication. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040639. [PMID: 35456445 PMCID: PMC9029427 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin structure is an essential regulator of gene expression. Its state of compaction contributes to the regulation of genetic programs, in particular during differentiation. Epigenetic processes, which include post-translational modifications of histones, DNA methylation and implication of non-coding RNA, are powerful regulators of gene expression. Neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation are spatio-temporally regulated events that allow the formation of the central nervous system components. Here, we review the chromatin structure and post-translational histone modifications associated with neuronal differentiation. Studying the impact of histone modifications on neuronal differentiation improves our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of chromatinopathies and opens up new therapeutic avenues. In addition, we will discuss techniques for the analysis of histone modifications on a genome-wide scale and the pathologies associated with the dysregulation of the epigenetic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A. Nothof
- Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.A.N.); (F.M.)
| | - Frédérique Magdinier
- Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.A.N.); (F.M.)
| | - Julien Van-Gils
- Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.A.N.); (F.M.)
- Reference Center AD SOOR, AnDDI-RARE, Inserm U 1211, Medical Genetics Department, Bordeaux University, Center Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence:
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Wiedemann–Steiner Syndrome with a Pathogenic Variant in KMT2A from Taiwan. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8110952. [PMID: 34828665 PMCID: PMC8620998 DOI: 10.3390/children8110952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome (WSS) is a rare genetic disorder. Patients with WSS have characteristics of growth retardation, facial dysmorphism, hypertrichosis cubiti (HC), and neurodevelopmental delays. WSS is in an autosomal dominant inherited pattern caused by a mutation of the KMT2A gene (NM_001197104.2). In this article, we discuss a 5-year-old boy who has mild intellectual disability (ID), hypotonia, HC, hypertrichosis on the back, dysmorphic facies, psychomotor retardation, and growth delay. Trio-based whole-exome sequencing (trio-WES) was carried out on this patient and his parents, confirming the variants with Sanger sequencing. Trio-WES showed a de novo mutation of the KMT2A gene (NM_001197104.2: c.4696G>A, p.Gly1566Arg). On the basis of the clinical features and the results of the WES, WSS was diagnosed. Therefore, medical professionals should consider a diagnosis of WSS if patients have growth retardation and development delay as well as hirsutism, particularly HC.
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Luo S, Bi B, Zhang W, Zhou R, Chen W, Zhao P, Huang Y, Yuan L, He X. Three de novo variants in KMT2A (MLL) identified by whole exome sequencing in patients with Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1798. [PMID: 34469078 PMCID: PMC8580087 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome (WSS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by short stature, hypertrichosis, intellectual disability, developmental delay, along with facial dysmorphism. WSS patients exhibit great phenotypic heterogeneities. Some variants in KMT2A (MLL) gene have been identified as the cause of WSS. Methods Whole exome sequencing on the probands followed by Sanger sequencing validations in the family were applied to determine genetic variants. In silico analyses were used for predicting potential effects of the variants. Results We identified three novel de novo heterozygous variants: c.883A>T (p.Lys295*), c.4171C>T (p.Gln1391*), and c.3499T>C (p.Cys1167Arg), in KMT2A gene from three unrelated Chinese WSS patients. According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines, these three variants were classified as pathogenic, pathogenic and likely pathogenic variant, respectively. By reviewing all the available cases with same mutated KMT2A regions as the three patients had, we found that in addition to the representative symptoms, our patients exhibited some sporadically observed symptoms, such as severe ophthalmological symptoms, endocardial fibroelastosis, cytomegalovirus infection, and feet eversion. We also revealed that variants in different KMT2A regions contribute to the phenotypic heterogeneity of WSS, highlighting challenges in the diagnosis of syndromic disorders spanning a broad phenotypic spectrum. Conclusion Our study would aid in further broadening our knowledge about the genotype–phenotype correlation of WSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukun Luo
- Precision Medical Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Bi
- Rehabilitation Department, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Wuhan Clinical Laboratories, BGI-Shenzhen, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rui Zhou
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Wuhan Clinical Laboratories, BGI-Shenzhen, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Wuhan Clinical Laboratories, BGI-Shenzhen, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiwei Zhao
- Precision Medical Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Precision Medical Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Ultrasonography Department, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuelian He
- Precision Medical Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wang X, Zhang G, Lu Y, Luo X, Wu W. Trio-WES reveals a novel de novo missense mutation of KMT2A in a Chinese patient with Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome: A case report. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 9:e1533. [PMID: 33325147 PMCID: PMC7963408 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome (WSS) is an autosomal dominant genetic condition caused by mutations in the KMT2A gene. Lysine methyltransferase, encoded by KMT2A, plays critical roles in the regulation of gene expression during early development. METHODS Trio-based whole exome sequencing (Trio-WES) was performed on a 15 months old Chinese girl and her two parents by MyGenostics (Beijing, China) using the Illumina HiSeq X ten system. Variants were confirmed with Sanger sequencing. She exhibited mild/moderate intellectual disability (ID), hypotonia, hypertrichosis cubiti, hypertrichosis on the back, dysmorphic facies, psychomotor retardation, growth delay, small and puffy hands, fat pads anterior to calcanei, and palmar/plantar grooves. RESULTS Trio-WES revealed a novel de novo mutation of KMT2A gene (NM_001197104.1: c.3566G>T, p.Cys1189Phe). WSS was diagnosed based on WES and clinical features. CONCLUSION Our findings expand the phenotypic and mutation spectra of WSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guijiao Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanjun Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Department of Paediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Paediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Carman KB, Kaplan E, Aslan CN, Kocagil S, Cilinigr O, Yarar C. Wiedemann–Steiner Syndrome: A Rare Differential Diagnosis of Neurodevelopmental Delay and Dysmorphic Features. J Pediatr Genet 2020; 11:162-164. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWiedemann–Steiner syndrome (WSS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by dysmorphic features, neurodevelopmental delay, growth retardation, and hypertrichosis cubiti. It is caused by pathogenic variants in the KMT2A gene. Here, we report a child with WSS presented with neurodevelopmental delay. Genetic analysis revealed a heterozygous c.2312dupC (p.Ser774Valfs*11) variant at the KMT2A gene that was classified as pathogenic in dbSNP (rs1057518649). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first patient of WSS from Turkey. This case draws attention to the diagnosis of WSS in children with neurodevelopmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kursat Bora Carman
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Emre Kaplan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Cefa Nil Aslan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Sinem Kocagil
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Oguz Cilinigr
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Coskun Yarar
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Di Fede E, Massa V, Augello B, Squeo G, Scarano E, Perri AM, Fischetto R, Causio FA, Zampino G, Piccione M, Curridori E, Mazza T, Castellana S, Larizza L, Ghelma F, Colombo EA, Gandini MC, Castori M, Merla G, Milani D, Gervasini C. Expanding the phenotype associated to KMT2A variants: overlapping clinical signs between Wiedemann-Steiner and Rubinstein-Taybi syndromes. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 29:88-98. [PMID: 32641752 PMCID: PMC7852672 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A) is responsible for methylation of histone H3 (K4H3me) and contributes to chromatin remodeling, acting as "writer" of the epigenetic machinery. Mutations in KMT2A were first reported in Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WDSTS). More recently, KMT2A variants have been described in probands with a specific clinical diagnosis comprised in the so-called chromatinopathies. Such conditions, including WDSTS, are a group of overlapping disorders caused by mutations in genes coding for the epigenetic machinery. Among them, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is mainly caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in CREBBP or EP300. In this work, we used next generation sequencing (either by custom-made panel or by whole exome) to identify alternative causative genes in individuals with a RSTS-like phenotype negative to CREBBP and EP300 mutational screening. In six patients we identified different novel unreported variants in KMT2A gene. The identified variants are de novo in at least four out of six tested individuals and all of them display some typical RSTS phenotypic features but also WDSTS specific signs. This study reinforces the concept that germline variants affecting the epigenetic machinery lead to a shared molecular effect (alteration of the chromatin state) determining superimposable clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Fede
- Genetica Medica e Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Massa
- Genetica Medica e Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,"Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Augello
- Unità di Genetica Medica, IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Squeo
- Unità di Genetica Medica, IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Emanuela Scarano
- Ambulatorio di Malattie Rare, Sindromologia ed Auxologia U.O. Pediatria AOU S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Perri
- Ambulatorio di Malattie Rare, Sindromologia ed Auxologia U.O. Pediatria AOU S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Fischetto
- U.O.C. Malattie Metaboliche Genetica Medica, PO Giovanni XXIII, AOU Policlinico Consorziale, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Andrea Causio
- U.O.C. Malattie Metaboliche Genetica Medica, PO Giovanni XXIII, AOU Policlinico Consorziale, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Centro Malattie Rare e Difetti Congeniti, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Piccione
- Dipartimento di scienze per la promozione della salute e la cura della madre e del bambino "G. D'Alessandro", Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elena Curridori
- Dipartimento di clinica pediatrica e malattie rare, Ospedale pediatrico Antonio Cao, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Unit of Bioinformatics IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Stefano Castellana
- Unit of Bioinformatics IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Ghelma
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Adele Colombo
- Genetica Medica e Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Gandini
- Genetica Medica e Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Castori
- Unità di Genetica Medica, IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merla
- Unità di Genetica Medica, IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Donatella Milani
- UOSD Pediatria ad alta intensità di cura, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Genetica Medica e Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy. .,"Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Fontana P, Passaretti FF, Maioli M, Cantalupo G, Scarano F, Lonardo F. Clinical and molecular spectrum of Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome, an emerging member of the chromatinopathy family. World J Med Genet 2020; 9:1-11. [DOI: 10.5496/wjmg.v9.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (OMIM #605130) is a rare congenital malformation syndrome characterized by hypertrichosis cubiti associated with short stature; consistent facial features, including long eyelashes, thick or arched eyebrows with a lateral flare, wide nasal bridge, and downslanting and vertically narrow palpebral fissures; mild to moderate intellectual disability; behavioral difficulties; and hypertrichosis on the back. It is caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in KMT2A. This gene has an established role in histone methylation, which explains the overlap of Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome with other chromatinopathies, a heterogeneous group of syndromic conditions that share a common trigger: The disruption of one of the genes involved in chromatin modification, leading to dysfunction of the epigenetic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fontana
- Medical Genetics Unit, San Pio Hospital, Benevento 82100, Italy
| | | | - Marianna Maioli
- Medical Genetics Unit, San Pio Hospital, Benevento 82100, Italy
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