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Belosevic A, Minder AE, Gueuning M, van Breemen F, Thun GA, Mattle-Greminger MP, Meyer S, Baumer A, Minder EI, Schneider-Yin X, Barman-Aksözen J. First Report of a Low-Frequency Mosaic Mutation in the Hydroxymethylbilane Synthase Gene Causing Acute Intermittent Porphyria. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1889. [PMID: 37763293 PMCID: PMC10533070 DOI: 10.3390/life13091889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute porphyrias are a group of monogenetic inborn errors of heme biosynthesis, characterized by acute and potentially life-threatening neurovisceral attacks upon exposure to certain triggering factors. Biochemical analyses can determine the type of acute porphyria, and subsequent genetic analysis allows for the identification of pathogenic variants in the specific gene, which provides information for family counselling. In 2017, a male Swiss patient was diagnosed with an acute porphyria while suffering from an acute attack. The pattern of porphyrin metabolite excretion in urine, faeces, and plasma was typical for an acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), which is caused by inherited autosomal dominant mutations in the gene for hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS), the third enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway. However, the measurement of HMBS enzymatic activity in the erythrocytes was within the normal range and Sanger sequencing of the HMBS gene failed to detect any pathogenic variants. To explore the molecular basis of the apparent AIP in this patient, we performed third-generation long-read single-molecule sequencing (nanopore sequencing) on a PCR product spanning the entire HMBS gene, including the intronic sequences. We identified a known pathogenic variant, c.77G>A, p.(Arg26His), in exon 3 at an allelic frequency of ~22% in the patient's blood. The absence of the pathogenic variant in the DNA of the parents and the results of additional confirmatory studies supported the presence of a de novo mosaic mutation. To our knowledge, such a mutation has not been previously described in any acute porphyria. Therefore, de novo mosaic mutations should be considered as potential causes of acute porphyrias when no pathogenic genetic variant can be identified through routine molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Belosevic
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Stadtspital Zürich, Triemli, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Elisabeth Minder
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Porphyria and Clinical Nutrition, Stadtspital Zürich, Triemli, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Reference Centre for Porphyrias, Stadtspital Zürich, Triemli, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Morgan Gueuning
- Department of Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Franziska van Breemen
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Stadtspital Zürich, Triemli, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Reference Centre for Porphyrias, Stadtspital Zürich, Triemli, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gian Andri Thun
- Department of Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Maja P. Mattle-Greminger
- Department of Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Meyer
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Cytometry, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Baumer
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth I. Minder
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Porphyria and Clinical Nutrition, Stadtspital Zürich, Triemli, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Reference Centre for Porphyrias, Stadtspital Zürich, Triemli, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoye Schneider-Yin
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Stadtspital Zürich, Triemli, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Reference Centre for Porphyrias, Stadtspital Zürich, Triemli, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Barman-Aksözen
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Stadtspital Zürich, Triemli, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Reference Centre for Porphyrias, Stadtspital Zürich, Triemli, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
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Kapsetaki SE, Fortunato A, Compton Z, Rupp SM, Nour Z, Riggs-Davis S, Stephenson D, Duke EG, Boddy AM, Harrison TM, Maley CC, Aktipis A. Is chimerism associated with cancer across the tree of life? PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287901. [PMID: 37384647 PMCID: PMC10309991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimerism is a widespread phenomenon across the tree of life. It is defined as a multicellular organism composed of cells from other genetically distinct entities. This ability to 'tolerate' non-self cells may be linked to susceptibility to diseases like cancer. Here we test whether chimerism is associated with cancers across obligately multicellular organisms in the tree of life. We classified 12 obligately multicellular taxa from lowest to highest chimerism levels based on the existing literature on the presence of chimerism in these species. We then tested for associations of chimerism with tumour invasiveness, neoplasia (benign or malignant) prevalence and malignancy prevalence in 11 terrestrial mammalian species. We found that taxa with higher levels of chimerism have higher tumour invasiveness, though there was no association between malignancy or neoplasia and chimerism among mammals. This suggests that there may be an important biological relationship between chimerism and susceptibility to tissue invasion by cancerous cells. Studying chimerism might help us identify mechanisms underlying invasive cancers and also could provide insights into the detection and management of emerging transmissible cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania E. Kapsetaki
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Angelo Fortunato
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Zachary Compton
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Shawn M. Rupp
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Zaid Nour
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Skyelyn Riggs-Davis
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Dylan Stephenson
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth G. Duke
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Amy M. Boddy
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
| | - Tara M. Harrison
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Carlo C. Maley
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Athena Aktipis
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
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Wolfova K, Wu D, Weiss J, Cermakova P, Kohler HP, Skirbekk VF, Stern Y, Gemmill A, Tom SE. Sons and parental cognition in mid-life and older adulthood. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:284-290. [PMID: 36279678 PMCID: PMC10103684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Prior research suggests a relationship between number of sons and maternal long-term health outcomes, including dementia. We assessed the relationship between having sons and parental cognitive aging. Specifically, we investigated the relationship between having at least 1 son and parental baseline cognition level and rate of cognitive decline, accounting for life course sociodemographic characteristics in a cohort of 13 222 adults aged ≥50 years from the US Health and Retirement Study. We included only participants with at least one child. We further explored whether this relationship varies by parental sex and whether the magnitude of the relationship increases with each additional son. Cognition was assessed biennially for a maximum of nine times as a sum of scores from immediate and delayed 10-noun free recall tests, a serial 7s subtraction test, and a backwards counting test. Associations were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models, stepwise adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related factors. In our analytic sample of parents, a total of 82.3% of respondents had at least 1 son and 61.6% of respondents were female. Parents of at least 1 son had a faster rate of cognitive decline in comparison to parents without any son. Our results also suggest that cognitive decline was faster among parents of multiple sons, compared to parents with only daughters. Thus, the results support the theory that having sons might have a long-term negative effect on parental cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Wolfova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, 100 00, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, Columbia University, 10032, New York, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, 10032, New York, USA
| | - Jordan Weiss
- Department of Demography, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Pavla Cermakova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Hans-Peter Kohler
- Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Vegard Fykse Skirbekk
- Centre for Fertility and Health, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, 0473, Norway
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, 10032, New York, USA
| | - Alison Gemmill
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 21205, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah E Tom
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, 10032, New York, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 10032, New York, USA.
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Johnson BN, Peters HE, Lambalk CB, Dolan CV, Willemsen G, Ligthart L, Mijatovic V, Hottenga JJ, Ehli EA, Boomsma DI. Male microchimerism in females: a quantitative study of twin pedigrees to investigate mechanisms. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:2529-2537. [PMID: 34293108 PMCID: PMC8373473 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does having a male co-twin, older brothers, or sons lead to an increased probability of persistent male microchimerism in female members of twin pedigrees? SUMMARY ANSWER The presence of a male co-twin did not increase risk of male microchimerism and the prevalence of male microchimerism was not explained by having male offspring or by having an older brother. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Microchimerism describes the presence of cells within an organism that originate from another zygote and is commonly described as resulting from pregnancy in placental mammals. It is associated with diseases with a female predilection including autoimmune diseases and pregnancy-related complications. However, microchimerism also occurs in nulliparous women; signifying gaps in the understanding of risk factors contributing to persistent microchimerism and the origin of the minor cell population. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This cross-sectional study composed of 446 adult female participants of the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Participants included in the study were female monozygotic (MZ) twins, female dizygotic same-sex twins and females of dizygotic opposite-sex twin pairs, along with the mothers and sisters of these twins. Peripheral blood samples collected from adult female participants underwent DNA extraction and were biobanked prior to the study. To detect the presence of male-origin microchimerism, DNA samples were tested for the relative quantity of male specific Y chromosome gene DYS14 compared to a common β-globin gene using a highly sensitive quantitative PCR assay. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We observed a large number of women (26.9%) having detectable male microchimerism in their peripheral blood samples. The presence of a male co-twin did not increase risk of male microchimerism (odds ratio (OR) = 1.23: SE 0.40, P = 0.61) and the prevalence of male microchimerism was not explained by having male offspring (OR 0.90: SE 0.19, P = 0.63) or by having an older brother (OR = 1.46: SE 0.32, P = 0.09). The resemblance (correlation) for the presence of microchimerism was similar (P = 0.66) in MZ pairs (0.27; SE 0.37) and in first-degree relatives (0.091; SE 0.092). However, age had a positive relationship with the presence of male microchimerism (P = 0.02). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION After stratifying for variables of interest, some participant groups resulted in a low numbers of subjects. We investigated microchimerism in peripheral blood due to the proposed mechanism of cell acquisition via transplacental blood exchange; however, this does not represent global chimerism in the individual and microchimerism may localize to numerous other tissues. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Immune regulation during pregnancy is known to mitigate allosensitization and support tolerance to non-inherited antigens found on donor cells. While unable to identify a specific source that promotes microchimerism prevalence within pedigrees, this study points to the underlying complexities of natural microchimerism in the general population. These findings support previous studies which have identified the presence of male microchimerism among women with no history of pregnancy, suggesting alternative sources of microchimerism. The association of detectable male microchimerism with age is suggestive of additional factors including time, molecular characteristics and environment playing a critical role in the prevalence of persistent microchimerism. The present study necessitates investigation into the molecular underpinnings of natural chimerism to provide insight into women’s health, transplant medicine and immunology. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work is funded by Royal Netherlands Academy of Science Professor Award (PAH/6635 to D.I.B.); The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw)—Genotype/phenotype database for behavior genetic and genetic epidemiological studies (ZonMw 911-09-032); Biobanking and Biomolecular Research Infrastructure (BBMRI–NL, 184.021.007; 184.033.111); The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)—Netherlands Twin Registry Repository (NWO-Groot 480-15-001/674); the National Institutes of Health—The Rutgers University Cell and DNA Repository cooperative agreement (NIMH U24 MH068457-06), Grand Opportunity grants Integration of genomics and transcriptomics in normal twins and major depression (NIMH 1RC2 MH089951-01), and Developmental trajectories of psychopathology (NIMH 1RC2 MH089995); and European Research Council—Genetics of Mental Illness (ERC 230374). C.B.L. declares a competing interest as editor-in-chief of Human Reproduction and his department receives unrestricted research grants from Ferring, Merck and Guerbet. All remaining authors have no conflict-of-interest to declare in regards to this work. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Johnson
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H E Peters
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C B Lambalk
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C V Dolan
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Willemsen
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Ligthart
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V Mijatovic
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J Hottenga
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E A Ehli
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - D I Boomsma
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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