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α-Functionally Substituted α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes as Fine Chemicals Reagents: Synthesis and Application. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144297. [PMID: 34299572 PMCID: PMC8306155 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Functionalized α,β-unsaturated aldehydes is an important class of compounds, which are widely used in fine organic synthesis, biology, medicine and pharmacology, chemical industry, and agriculture. Some of the 2-substituted 2-alkenals are found to be the key metabolites in plant and animal cells. Therefore, the development of efficient methods for their synthesis attracts the attention of organic chemists. This review focusses on the recent advances in the synthesis of 2-functionally substituted 2-alkenals. The approaches to the preparation of α-alkyl α,β-unsaturated aldehydes are not included in this review.
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Hayashi Y, Bondzic BP, Yamazaki T, Gupta Y, Ogasawara S, Taniguchi T, Monde K. Asymmetric Diels-Alder Reaction of α-Substituted and β,β-Disubstituted α,β-Enals via Diarylprolinol Silyl Ether for the Construction of All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters. Chemistry 2016; 22:15874-15880. [PMID: 27601216 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction of α-substituted acrolein proceeds in the presence of the trifluoroacetic acid salt of trifluoromethyl-substituted diarylprolinol silyl ether to afford the exo-isomer with both excellent diastereoselectivity and high enantioselectivity. In the Diels-Alder reaction of a β,β-disubstituted α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, good exo-selectivity and excellent enantioselectivity was obtained when the perchloric acid salt of the bulky triisopropyl silyl ether of trifluoromethyl substituted diarylprolinol was employed as an organocatalyst in the presence of water. In both cases, all-carbon quaternary stereocenters are constructed enantioselectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan. .,Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Bojan P Bondzic
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamazaki
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yogesh Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shin Ogasawara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tohru Taniguchi
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material and Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kenji Monde
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material and Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
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Ishihara K, Yamada H, Akakura M. An enantioselective Diels-Alder reaction of 1,2-dihydropyridines with α-acyloxyacroleins catalyzed by a chiral primary ammonium salt. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 50:6357-60. [PMID: 24800831 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01445f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective Diels-Alder reaction of 1,2-dihydropyridines with α-acyloxyacroleins catalyzed by a chiral primary ammonium salt has been developed and it offers more efficient routes to key synthetic intermediates of alkaloids, for which the direct preparations were unavailable before. The asymmetric induction can be understood through the optimized geometry of an iminium salt aqua complex derived from the catalyst and the dienophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, B2-3(611), Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
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Yang W, Jiang KZ, Lu X, Yang HM, Li L, Lu Y, Xu LW. Molecular assembly of an achiral phosphine and a chiral primary amine: a highly efficient supramolecular catalyst for the enantioselective Michael reaction of aldehydes with maleimides. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:1182-90. [PMID: 23554319 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A combined catalyst system of a cinchonidine-derived primary amine and triphenylphosphine (CD-NH2 /PPh3 ) exhibited high catalytic performance in the Michael reaction of aldehydes with maleimides, thereby affording the corresponding functionalized aldehydes in excellent yields (up to 99 %) and enantioselectivities (>99 % ee). More interestingly, the significance of the phosphine in enhancing the enantioselectivities in the chiral-primary-amine-catalyzed Michael reaction was revealed. Furthermore, we explored the origin of the reaction mechanism in the Michael addition promoted by the dual organocatalytic system. On the basis of experimental results and spectroscopic analysis, such as UV/Vis, fluorescence emission (FL), NMR, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, as well as ESI-MS, we found that the molecular assembly of phosphine and primary amine played a crucial role in this enantioselective reaction, in which a possible supramolecular complex was formed as an effective chiral catalyst through noncovalent molecular interactions of a cinchona alkaloid-derived primary amine with triphenylphosphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
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