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Ziyaei Halimehjani A, Ghaffari Z. The chemistry of 2-hydroxy-β-nitrostyrenes: versatile intermediates in synthetic organic chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2653-2688. [PMID: 36916212 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00015j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The applications of 2-hydroxy-β-nitrostyrenes as efficient bifunctional intermediates in organic synthesis are investigated in this review. For this purpose, reactions of 2-hydroxy-β-nitrostyrenes with diverse molecules, including carbonyl compounds, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, hemiacetals, nitroalkenes, γ-butenolides, tetronic acid, azalactones, pyrazolones, enamines, malononitrile, methyleneindolinones, ylides, etc., were investigated to construct interesting biologically active scaffolds such as chromans, chromenes, coumarins, benzofurans and their fused and spiro rings, natural products, and other useful cyclic and acyclic compounds. The main focus is on the asymmetric synthesis of these compounds via cascade/domino/tandem reactions catalyzed by chiral organocatalysts. In this review, around 60 papers reported between the years 2000 and 2022 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azim Ziyaei Halimehjani
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9516, Tehran, Iran. .,Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, 49 Mofateh St, 15719-14911, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Ghaffari
- Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, 49 Mofateh St, 15719-14911, Tehran, Iran.
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α-Amino Phosphonic Acid as the Oxidized Ore Collector: Flexible Intra-Molecular Proton Transfer Providing an Improved Flotation Efficiency. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12080918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The efficient separation of ilmenite is a difficult problem in minerals flotation. For this issue, α-aminooctyl phosphinic acid (APA) was developed as a selective collector to separate ilmenite. The flotation test result showed that APA was more efficient for improving ilmenite recovery compared with octylphosphonic acid (OPA). Adsorption, ZETA and FTIR measurements proved that the chemical interaction between collector APA and the surface of ilmenite was stronger than OPA, while the result is completely opposite in the case of titanaugite. Moreover, XPS test and DFT calculations indicated that the collector APA was coordinated with the surface of ilmenite through P-O-Fe and P-O-Ti bonding. The amine group in the α-site of the phosphonyl group facilitated APA to be a stable zwitterion in the solution, which greatly enhanced the nucleophilicity of the phosphonic acid group. On the other hand, more appropriate coordination energy was another reason for the superior collecting selectivity of APA than OPA.
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Wu Z, Li X, Li T, Xiao T, Jiang Y, Qin G. Fe-catalyzed denitrative cyanoalkylation of nitroalkenes with cycloketone oxime esters via reductive C–C bond formation. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00992g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An iron catalyzed reductive denitrative cyanoalkylation of nitroalkenes with cycloketone oxime esters using Zn as the reductant has been successfully established in which the NO2 of nitroalkenes eventually acts as a leaving group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Wu
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Tiebo Xiao
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Jiang
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Guiping Qin
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
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Demirbas N, Demirbas A. Organocatalyzed Heterocyclic Transformations In Green Media: A Review. CURRENT ORGANOCATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2213337207999200805115813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Since the discovery of metal-free catalysts or organocatalysts about twenty
years ago, a number of small molecules with different structures have been used to accelerate organic
transformations. With the development of environmental awareness, to obtain highly efficient
scaffolds, scientists have directed their studies towards synthetic methodologies that minimize
or preferably eliminate the formation of waste, avoid toxic solvents and reagents and use renewable
starting materials as far as possible.
Methods:
In this connection, the organocatalytic reactions providing efficiency and selectivity for
most of the transformations have become an endless topic in organic chemistry since several advantages
from both practical and environmental standpoints. Organocatalysts contributing to the transformation
of reactants into products with the least possible waste production, have been serving the
concept of green chemistry.
Results and Conclusion:
Organocatalysts have been classified based on their binding capacity to
the substrate with covalent or noncovalent interactions involving hydrogen bonding and electrostatic
interaction. Diverse types of small organic compounds including proline and its derivatives,
phase-transfer catalysts, (thio)urease, phosphoric acids, sulfones, N-oxides, guanidines, cinchona
derivatives, aminoindanol, and amino acids have been utilized as hydrogen bonding organocatalysts
in different chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Demirbas
- Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Demirbas
- Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
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Homma C, Kano T, Maruoka K. Bifunctional amino sulfonamide-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition to alkenyl alkynyl ketimines as enone surrogates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2808-2811. [PMID: 33600542 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07842e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A bifunctional amino sulfonamide-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of aldehydes to alkenyl alkynyl ketimines as reactive surrogates for enones has been developed. Use of a phenylcyclopropane-based amino sulfonamide catalyst, which can activate and orient the ketimines through hydrogen bonding, affords the desired conjugate adducts with high chemo-, diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Homma
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Wang Y, Zheng L, Shi X, Chen Y. 1,3-Difunctionalization of β-Alkyl Nitroalkenes via Combination of Lewis Base Catalysis and Radical Oxidation. Org Lett 2021; 23:886-889. [PMID: 33439024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Upon treatment with a Lewis base catalyst, β-alkyl-substituted nitroalkenes could be readily converted into allylic nitro compounds. Examples of either C-1 or C-3 functionalization methods have been reported through nitro-elimination, giving alkene products. In this work, successful 1,3-difunctionalization was achieved through a synergetic Lewis base catalysis and TBHP radical oxidation, giving vinylic alkoxyamines in good to excellent yields. This work further extended the general synthetic application of β-alkyl nitroalkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205 P.R. China
| | - Lei Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205 P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205 P.R. China
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Rao MP, Gunaga SS, Zuegg J, Pamarthi R, Ganesh M. Highly regio- and diastereoselective [3 + 2]-cycloadditions involving indolediones and α,β-disubstituted nitroethylenes. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9390-9402. [PMID: 31631197 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01429b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A highly diastereoselective [3 + 2]-cycloaddition strategy involving multiple oxindoles and several α,β-disubstituted nitroethylenes is developed to access tetra-substituted α-spiropyrrolidine frameworks. A variety of α-amino acids were employed for the first time in order to generate azomethine ylides under thermal conditions, affording regioisomers 13 and 14 merely by changing the α-substituents (R = H and substituted carbons) of the α-amino acids. The reaction tolerates various sterically demanding, electron-rich and electron-deficient aryl and nitrogen substituents on glycines, oxindoles and nitroethylenes. The operational simplicity, such as the use of a metal-free and non-inert environment, the utilization of non-halogenated solvents and the ease of isolation, adhering to the principles of green chemistry, makes this process attractive for scale-up opportunities. The reaction delivers good yields (80-94%) and diastereoselectivities (up to 98 : 2) in favor of (cis,cis)-spirooxindoles, with opposite regioselectivity compared to β-nitrostyrenes under identical conditions. Two spiropyrrolidine cycloadducts with unprotected amides exhibited significant activity against Gram-positive MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri P Rao
- Department of Chemistry, B.M.S College of Engineering, Bull Temple Road, Bengaluru 560019, India.
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Ushakov PY, Khatuntseva EA, Nelyubina YV, Tabolin AA, Ioffe SL, Sukhorukov AY. Synthesis of Isoxazolines from Nitroalkanes
via
a [4+1]‐Annulation Strategy. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Yu. Ushakov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 119991 Leninsky prospect, 47 Moscow Russian Federation
- Department of ChemistryM. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University 119991 Leninskie gory, 1, str. 3 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta A. Khatuntseva
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 119991 Leninsky prospect, 47 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Yulia V. Nelyubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds 119991 Vavilov str. 28 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A. Tabolin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 119991 Leninsky prospect, 47 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Sema L. Ioffe
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 119991 Leninsky prospect, 47 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Yu. Sukhorukov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 119991 Leninsky prospect, 47 Moscow Russian Federation
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia 125047 Miusskaya sq., 9 Moscow Russian Federation
- Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 117997 Stremyanny per. 36 Moscow Russian Federation
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9
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Ayad T, Gernet A, Pirat JL, Virieux D. Enantioselective reactions catalyzed by phosphine oxides. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Kącka‐Zych A, Ríos‐Gutiérrez M, Domingo LR. A molecular electron density theory study of the Lewis acid–catalyzed decomposition reaction of nitroethyl benzoate using aluminum derivatives. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kącka‐Zych
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and TechnologyCracow University of Technology Cracow Poland
| | | | - Luis R. Domingo
- Departamento de Quimica OrganicaUniversidad de Valencia Burjassot Spain
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11
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Liu K, Khan I, Cheng J, Hsueh YJ, Zhang YJ. Asymmetric Decarboxylative Cycloaddition of Vinylethylene Carbonates with β-Nitroolefins by Cooperative Catalysis of Palladium Complex and Squaramide. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ijaz Khan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jiong Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jen Hsueh
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yong Jian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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12
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13
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Lei X, Zheng L, Zhang C, Shi X, Chen Y. Allylic C-S Bond Construction through Metal-Free Direct Nitroalkene Sulfonation. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1772-1778. [PMID: 29355324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free, open-flask protocol was developed for the preparation of allylic sulfones through direct condensation of sodium arylsulfinates and β,β-disubstituted nitroalkenes. The key step of this process was the Lewis base-promoted equilibrium between nitroalkenes and allylic nitro compounds. Through this process, the readily available conjugated nitroalkenes can be easily converted into allylic nitro compounds, which contain more reactive C═C bonds toward the sulfonyl radical addition. As a result, allylic sulfones were prepared in excellent yields with a broad substrate scope under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lei
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430073, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430073, P. R. China
| | - Chuanxin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430073, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- The Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430073, P. R. China
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14
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Motornov VA, Muzalevskiy VM, Tabolin AA, Novikov RA, Nelyubina YV, Nenajdenko VG, Ioffe SL. Radical Nitration-Debromination of α-Bromo-α-fluoroalkenes as a Stereoselective Route to Aromatic α-Fluoronitroalkenes-Functionalized Fluorinated Building Blocks for Organic Synthesis. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5274-5284. [PMID: 28448146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new highly efficient method for the synthesis of 2-fluoro-2-nitrostyrenes was described. Radical nitration of readily available 2-bromo-2-fluorostyrenes with Fe(NO3)3·9H2O resulted in the formation of the corresponding α-fluoro-nitroalkenes in isolated yields up to 92%. The reaction proceeded as a nitration-debromination sequence to highly stereoselectively give α-fluoro-nitroalkenes as Z-isomers only. The broad scope of this method was demonstrated. Prepared monofluorinated alkenes were shown to be versatile building blocks for the synthesis of various fluorinated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Motornov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prosp. 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,Higher Chemical College, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia , Miusskaya sq. 9, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation
| | - Vasiliy M Muzalevskiy
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Tabolin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prosp. 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Roman A Novikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prosp. 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,V. A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia V Nelyubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences , Vavilov str. 28, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Valentine G Nenajdenko
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation
| | - Sema L Ioffe
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prosp. 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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15
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Synthesis of Aminoindolizidines through the Chemoselective and Diastereoselective Catalytic Hydrogenation of Indolizines. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9707-9717. [PMID: 27685343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Indolizidines are bioactive heterocyclic compounds of great potential normally prepared following multistep routes. However, to the best of our knowledge, the synthesis of 1-aminoindolizidines has never been reported. Herein, 1-(dialkylamino)-3-substituted indolizidines have been straightforwardly synthesized using an atom-economic protocol that involves a copper-catalyzed three-component synthesis of indolizines followed by heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation. The latter was found to be chemoselective using platinum(IV) oxide as the catalyst at 3.7 atm, providing the aminoindolizidines in modest-to-high yields (35-95%) and high diastereoselectivity (92:8 to >99:1). It has been experimentally demonstrated that the hydrogenation occurs through the intermediate 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroindolizine, which contains a pyrrole moiety. Moreover, the diastereomerically pure 1-(dibenzylamino)-3-substituted indolizidines could be further transformed into the corresponding monobenzylated or fully debenzylated aminoindolizidines by selective hydrogenolysis catalyzed by Pt/C or Pd/C, respectively, under ambient conditions.
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Monari M, Montroni E, Nitti A, Lombardo M, Trombini C, Quintavalla A. Highly stereoselective [4+2] and [3+2] spiroannulations of 2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)acetic esters catalyzed by bifunctional thioureas. Chemistry 2015; 21:11038-49. [PMID: 26032428 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new Michael-Michael cascade reaction between 2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)acetic esters 1 and nitroenoates 2, catalyzed by bifunctional thioureas, is investigated. The combination of the two Michael reactions results in a novel and facile [4+2] or [3+2] spiroannulation process, which is characterized by the following features: 1) two carbon-carbon bonds and four stereocenters, including a quaternary spiro carbon, are formed under mild conditions; 2) an unprecedented and stereochemically defined substitution pattern on the spirocarbocyclic unit is obtained; 3) the double-bond configuration of the donor-acceptor nitroenoate 2 determines the absolute configuration of the spiro center, whereas the remaining stereocenters are formed under control of the catalyst. The effect on the final stereochemical outcome of structural variations of each starting material, catalyst, and experimental conditions is analyzed in detail. In particular, the use of specifically designed chiral nitroenoates enables diverse polyfunctional spirocyclohexane derivatives containing six consecutive stereogenic centers to be constructed. To our knowledge, this is the first asymmetric organocatalytic strategy enabling both five- and six-membered β-nitro spirocarbocyclic oxindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Monari
- Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna (Italy)
| | - Elisa Montroni
- Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna (Italy)
| | - Andrea Nitti
- Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna (Italy)
| | - Marco Lombardo
- Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna (Italy)
| | - Claudio Trombini
- Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna (Italy)
| | - Arianna Quintavalla
- Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna (Italy).
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Halimehjani AZ, Namboothiri INN, Hooshmand SE. Part I: Nitroalkenes in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08828j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Halimehjani AZ, Namboothiri INN, Hooshmand SE. Nitroalkenes in the synthesis of carbocyclic compounds. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04069d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Organocatalysis: Key Trends in Green Synthetic Chemistry, Challenges, Scope towards Heterogenization, and Importance from Research and Industrial Point of View. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/402860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper purports to review catalysis, particularly the organocatalysis and its origin, key trends, challenges, examples, scope, and importance. The definition of organocatalyst corresponds to a low molecular weight organic molecule which in stoichiometric amounts catalyzes a chemical reaction. In this review, the use of the term heterogenized organocatalyst will be exclusively confined to a catalytic system containing an organic molecule immobilized onto some sort of support material and is responsible for accelerating a chemical reaction. Firstly, a brief description of the field is provided putting it in a green and sustainable perspective of chemistry. Next, research findings on the use of organocatalysts on various inorganic supports including nano(porous)materials, nanoparticles, silica, and zeolite/zeolitic materials are scrutinized in brief. Then future scope, research directions, and academic and industrial applications will be outlined. A succinct account will summarize some of the research and developments in the field. This review tries to bring many outstanding researches together and shows the vitality of the organocatalysis through several aspects.
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