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Wang B, Li M, Gao G, Sanz-Vidal A, Zheng B, Walsh PJ. Synthesis of Tryptamines from Radical Cyclization of 2-Iodoaryl Allenyl Amines and Coupling with 2-Azallyls. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8099-8103. [PMID: 35675635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of tryptamines is developed. Indole structures were constructed using 2-iodoaryl allenyl amines as electron acceptors and radical cyclization precursors. Radical-radical coupling of indolyl methyl radicals and azaallyl radicals led to the tryptamine derivatives. The utility and versatility of this method are showcased by the synthesis of 22 examples of tryptamines in ≤88% yield. In each case, indole formation is accompanied by in situ removal of the Boc protecting group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Minyan Li
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Gui Gao
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Alvaro Sanz-Vidal
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Bing Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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2
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Borodkin GI, Elanov IR, Shubin VG. Carbocation Catalysis of Organic Reactions. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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3
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Shaikh AC, Veleta JM, Bloch J, Goodman HJ, Gianetti TL. Syntheses of Phosphonium Salts from Phosphines and Carbenium: Efficient CO2
Fixation and Phase-Transfer Catalysts. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aslam C. Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Arizona; 1306 E. University Blvd. 85719 Tucson AZ USA
| | - José M. Veleta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Arizona; 1306 E. University Blvd. 85719 Tucson AZ USA
| | - Jan Bloch
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Hannah J. Goodman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Arizona; 1306 E. University Blvd. 85719 Tucson AZ USA
| | - Thomas L. Gianetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Arizona; 1306 E. University Blvd. 85719 Tucson AZ USA
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4
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Barbero M, Dughera S, Alberti S, Ghigo G. A simple, direct synthesis of 3-vinylindoles from the carbocation-catalysed dehydrative cross-coupling of ketones and indoles. A combined experimental and computational study. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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5
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Ni S, El Remaily MAEAAA, Franzén J. Carbocation Catalyzed Bromination of Alkyl Arenes, a Chemoselective
sp
3
vs. sp
2
C−H functionalization. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Ni
- KTH, Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry/Division of Organic Chemistry Teknikringen 30 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mahmoud Abd El Aleem Ali Ali El Remaily
- KTH, Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry/Division of Organic Chemistry Teknikringen 30 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceSohag University 82524 Sohag Egypt
| | - Johan Franzén
- KTH, Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry/Division of Organic Chemistry Teknikringen 30 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
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6
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Ni S, Franzén J. Carbocation catalysed ring closing aldehyde–olefin metathesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12982-12985. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06734a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
4-Phenylphenyl-diphenylmethylium tetrafluoroborate catalyses a rare high yielding intramolecular aldehyde–olefin metathesis of enals under mild reaction conditions and low catalyst loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Ni
- Department of Chemistry
- Organic Chemistry
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Johan Franzén
- Department of Chemistry
- Organic Chemistry
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
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7
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Follet E, Mayer P, Stephenson DS, Ofial AR, Berionni G. Reactivity-Tuning in Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Nucleophilicity and Lewis Basicity of Sterically Hindered Phosphines. Chemistry 2017; 23:7422-7427. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Follet
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - David S. Stephenson
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Armin R. Ofial
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Guillaume Berionni
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
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8
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Follet E, Mayer P, Berionni G. Structures, Lewis Acidities, Electrophilicities, and Protecting Group Abilities of Phenylfluorenylium and Tritylium Ions. Chemistry 2017; 23:623-630. [PMID: 27723164 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The isolation, characterization, and the first X-ray structures of a fluorenylium ion and its Lewis adducts with nitrogen- and phosphorus-centered Lewis bases are reported. Kinetics of the reactions of a series of fluorenylium ions with reference π-, σ-, and n-nucleophiles of various sizes and nucleophilicities allowed the interplay between electronic and structural parameters on the electrophilicities of these planarized tertiary carbenium ions to be elucidated. Structure-reactivity correlations and extensive comparisons of their reactivities with those of di- and triarylcarbenium ions are described. Quantitative determination of the electrofugalities of fluorenylium ions revealed to which extent they are complementing tritylium ions as protecting groups and how their tuning is possible. Determination of the equilibrium constants of the Lewis adducts formation between pyridines of calibrated Lewis basicities and phenylfluorenylium and tritylium ions allowed the determination of their Lewis acidities and to showcase the potential of these carbon-centered Lewis acids in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Follet
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Guillaume Berionni
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
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