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Maguire S, Strachan G, Norvaiša K, Donohoe C, Gomes-da-Silva LC, Senge MO. Porphyrin Atropisomerism as a Molecular Engineering Tool in Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Recognition, Supramolecular Assembly, and Catalysis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401559. [PMID: 38787350 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Porphyrin atropisomerism, which arises from restricted σ-bond rotation between the macrocycle and a sufficiently bulky substituent, was identified in 1969 by Gottwald and Ullman in 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(o-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrins. Henceforth, an entirely new field has emerged utilizing this transformative tool. This review strives to explain the consequences of atropisomerism in porphyrins, the methods which have been developed for their separation and analysis and present the diverse array of applications. Porphyrins alone possess intriguing properties and a structure which can be easily decorated and molded for a specific function. Therefore, atropisomerism serves as a transformative tool, making it possible to obtain even a specific molecular shape. Atropisomerism has been thoroughly exploited in catalysis and molecular recognition yet presents both challenges and opportunities in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Maguire
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
| | - Grant Strachan
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
| | - Karolis Norvaiša
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
| | - Claire Donohoe
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-535, Portugal
| | | | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Focus Group-Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nanosystems, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenberg Str. 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
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Tang L, Li M, Bai C, Feng X, Hu H, Yao Y, Li B, Li H, Qin G, Xi N, Lv G, Zhang L. Discovery of benzoheterocyclic-substituted amide derivatives as apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:856-873. [PMID: 38516590 PMCID: PMC10953477 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00663h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Three series of benzoheterocyclic-substituted amide derivatives were designed and synthesized as potent ASK1 inhibitors in this work. After undergoing continuous structural optimization, compound 17a was discovered to be a novel inhibitor of ASK1 with good potency (kinase, IC50 = 26 nM), noteworthy liver microsomal stability (human, T1/2 = 340.4 min), good pharmacokinetic parameters (rat, T1/2 p.o. = 2.11 h, AUClast p.o. = 10 900 h ng mL-1) and high oral bioavailability (rat, F = 97.9%), while also being inactive towards hERG (IC50 > 10 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
- Sunshine Lake Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Dongguan 523871 P.R. China
- Shaoguan HEC Technology R & D Co., Ltd Shaoguan 512000 P.R. China
| | - Minxiong Li
- Sunshine Lake Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Dongguan 523871 P.R. China
| | - Changlin Bai
- Sunshine Lake Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Dongguan 523871 P.R. China
| | - Xuejin Feng
- Sunshine Lake Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Dongguan 523871 P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- Sunshine Lake Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Dongguan 523871 P.R. China
| | - Yufen Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University 510006 Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Baiqing Li
- Guangzhou National Laboratory Guangzhou 510005 P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Guangdong Yuchuang Electronics Co., Ltd. Shaoguan 512721 P.R. China
| | - Guohong Qin
- Guangdong Yuchuang Electronics Co., Ltd. Shaoguan 512721 P.R. China
| | - Ning Xi
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 P.R. China
| | - Genpin Lv
- Shaoguan HEC Technology R & D Co., Ltd Shaoguan 512000 P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
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Ueda M, Kimura M, Miyagawa S, Naito M, Takaya H, Tokunaga Y. Four- and two-armed hetero porphyrin dimers: their specific recognition and self-sorting behaviours. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:387-395. [PMID: 34908079 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01694f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study we self-assembled the four-armed porphyrin hetero dimer capsule Cap4, stabilized through amidinium-carboxylate salt bridges, in CH2Cl2 and CHCl3. The dimer capsule Cap4 was kinetically and thermodynamically more stable than the corresponding two-armed dimer Cap2. The number of arms strongly influenced their recognition behaviour; guests possessing small aromatic faces (e.g., 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene) preferred residing in the cavity of the two-armed capsule Cap2, rather than in Cap4, both thermodynamically and kinetically; in contrast, large aromatic guests (e.g., 9,10-dibromoanthracene) were encapsulated predominantly by Cap4 because of favourable entropic effects. The number of arms enabled self-sorting behaviour of the dimer formation; complexation studies using an equimolar mixture of the four porphyrin constituents of the two capsules revealed the quantitative formation of the corresponding dimers Cap2 and Cap4. Furthermore, we examined the specific molecular recognition of Cap2 and Cap4; NMR experiments of mixtures of Cap2 and Cap4 in the presence of favourable guests for Cap2 and Cap4 revealed that these guest molecules were encapsulated selectively by their preferred hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ueda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.
| | - Masaki Kimura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.
| | - Shinobu Miyagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.
| | - Masaya Naito
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.
| | - Hikaru Takaya
- International Research Centre for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, National Institute of Natural Science, Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.
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Ueda M, Kimura M, Miyagawa S, Takaya H, Naito M, Tokunaga Y. A Five-layer π-Aromatic Structure Formed through Self-assembly of a Porphyrin Trimer and Two Aromatic Guests. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2212-2217. [PMID: 32483880 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study we synthesized two- and four-armed porphyrins - bearing two carboxyl and four 2-aminoquinolino functionalities, respectively, at their meso positions - as a complementary hydrogen bonding pair for the self-assembly of a D2 -symmetric porphyrin trimer host. Two units of the two-armed porphyrin and one unit of the four-armed porphyrin self-assembled quantitatively into the D2 -symmetric porphyrin trimer, stabilized through ammidinium-carboxylate salt bridge formation, in CH2 Cl2 and CHCl3 . The porphyrin trimer host gradually bound two units of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene between the pair of porphyrin units, forming a five-layer aromatic structure. At temperatures below -40 °C, the rates of association and dissociation of the complexes were slow on the NMR spectroscopic time scale, allowing the 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes of the trimer host and trinitrobenzene guest(s) to be detected independently when using less than 2 eq of trinitrobenzene. Vis titration experiments revealed the values of K1 (2.1±0.4×105 M-1 ) and K2 (2.2±0.06×104 M-1 ) in CHCl3 at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ueda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Kimura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Shinobu Miyagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Hikaru Takaya
- International Research Center for Elements Science Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masaya Naito
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
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Yamashita K, Kuramochi N, Pham Qui Van H, Furutani K, Ogawa T, Sugiura K. Efficient Synthesis of Arylenedioxy‐Bridged Porphyrin Dimers through Catalyst‐Free Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. Chempluschem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken‐ichi Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University Minami-Osawa, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Narumi Kuramochi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University Minami-Osawa, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Hang Pham Qui Van
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University Minami-Osawa, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Furutani
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Takuji Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Ken‐ichi Sugiura
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University Minami-Osawa, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
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