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Kermagoret A, Bardelang D. The Diversity of Cucurbituril Molecular Switches and Shuttles. Chemistry 2023:e202302114. [PMID: 37725407 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Ring translocation switches and shuttles featuring a macrocycle (or a ring molecule) navigating between two or more stations continue to attract attention. While the vast majority of these systems are developed in organic solvents, the cucurbituril (CB) macrocycles are ideally suited to prepare such systems in water. Indeed, their stability and their relatively high affinity for relevant guest molecules are key attributes toward translating the progresses made in organic solvents, into water. This concept article summarizes the findings, key advances and multiple possibilities offered by CBs toward advanced molecular switches and shuttles in water.
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Liu JX, Chen K, Redshaw C. Stimuli-responsive mechanically interlocked molecules constructed from cucurbit[ n]uril homologues and derivatives. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1428-1455. [PMID: 36728265 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00785a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbit[n]uril supramolecular chemistry has developed rapidly since 2001 when different cucurbit[n]uril homologues (Q[n]) were successfully separated in pure form. The combination of Q[n] cavity size and various types of external stimuli has given birth to numerous types of Q[n]-based mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), including (pseudo)rotaxanes, catenanes, dendrimers and poly(pseudo)rotaxanes. In this review article, the important advances in the field of Q[n]-based MIMs over the past two decades are highlighted. This review also describes examples of heterowheel (pseudo)rotaxanes and poly(pseudo)rotaxanes involving Q[n]s, and reflects on the opportunities and challenges of constructing Q[n]-based stimuli-responsive MIMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, P. R. China.
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
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Wang Q, Zhang K, Lin RL, Sun WQ, Ye MF, Xiao X, Liu JX. A light-responsive molecular switch based on cucurbit[7]uril and 1,1'-bis(benzyl)-4-[2-(4-pyridyl)-vinyl]-pyridinium dibromide displaying white light emission. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1253-1259. [PMID: 35060585 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02420e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
By using 1H NMR, ESI-MS and UV spectra, a novel light-responsive molecular switch constructed using 1,1'-bis(benzyl)-4-[2-(4-pyridyl)-vinyl]-pyridinium (12+) and cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7]) is demonstrated. The E- to Z-isomerization of the double bond in 12+ results in the transition of the switching states from the 1 : 2 complex E-12+@Q[7]2 to the stable 1 : 1 complex Z-12+@Q[7]. In particular, both the 1 : 2 complex and the 1 : 1 complex can emit cold white fluorescence under UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China.
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China.
| | - Rui-Lian Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China.
| | - Wen-Qi Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China.
| | - Ming-Fu Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China.
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Jing-Xin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China.
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Wang Q, Lü LB, Tao Z, Sun T, Tang Q, Huang Y. The pH and mercury ion stimuli-responsive supramolecular assemblies of cucurbit[7]uril and Hoechst 33342. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 254:119656. [PMID: 33744695 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we have investigated the effect of pH and mercury ions on the host-guest complex formed between cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7]) and Hoechst 33342 (H33342). 1H NMR, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that acid/base stimulation could change the binding stoichiometry between Q[7] and H33342. The results suggest that two complexation equilibria (1:1 and 2:1) may exist between H33342 and Q[7] at pH 2.0 and 4.5, respectively. However, a 1:1 host-guest complex was formed between H33342 and Q[7] at pH 7.0 and 10.0. Q[7] shows differential affinities for the protonated and neutral forms of H33342 dye. Moreover, the switching between H33342∙2H+@2Q[7](1:2) at pH 4.5 and H33342∙H+@Q[7](1:1) at pH 7.0 was reversible. Furthermore, as a metal stimulus, Hg2+ ions could push (i) Q[7] from the piperazine ring to the benzimidazole position with a 1:1 guest-host ratio and (ii) a second Q[7] onto the ethyl position with a 1:2 guest-host stoichiometry. This stimulus response system will have potential applications in the field of molecular switch design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Li-Bing Lü
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Zhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Guizhou High Performance Computational Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Qing Tang
- Department College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Luo D, Guang L, Lin R, Zhang N, Liu M, Lin R, Sun W, Liu J. Chromic Properties of Carboxyphenyl Viologen Induced by Complexation in Cucurbit[7]uril. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 China
| | - Long‐Yu Guang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 China
| | - Rong‐Guang Lin
- College of Life Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Ning‐Ning Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 China
| | - Mei‐Chen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 China
| | - Rui‐Lian Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 China
| | - Wen‐Qi Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 China
| | - Jing‐Xin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 China
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Yang X, Cheng Q, Monnier V, Charles L, Karoui H, Ouari O, Gigmes D, Wang R, Kermagoret A, Bardelang D. Guest Exchange by a Partial Energy Ratchet in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS ICR Marseille France
| | - Qian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Avenida da Universidade Taipa Macau China
| | - Valerie Monnier
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Centrale Marseille, FSCM Spectropole Marseille France
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Avenida da Universidade Taipa Macau China
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Yang X, Cheng Q, Monnier V, Charles L, Karoui H, Ouari O, Gigmes D, Wang R, Kermagoret A, Bardelang D. Guest Exchange by a Partial Energy Ratchet in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6617-6623. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS ICR Marseille France
| | - Qian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Avenida da Universidade Taipa Macau China
| | - Valerie Monnier
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Centrale Marseille, FSCM Spectropole Marseille France
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Avenida da Universidade Taipa Macau China
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Zheng Y, Kaifer AE. Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Binding between Zwitterionic Viologen Guests and the Cucurbit[7]uril Host. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10240-10244. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeting Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124, United States
| | - Angel E. Kaifer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124, United States
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