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Zhang Z, Lu L, Li G, Sheng X, Zhang Y, Yang L, Zhao J, Xie L, Li J, Sun K. Radical cascade silylation/cyclization of 1,7-dienes to access silyl-substituted benzo[ b]azepin-2-ones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4206-4209. [PMID: 38523529 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00499j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
A novel silyl radical-induced cascade silylation/cyclization of 1,7-dienes has been realized employing readily available hydrosilanes as a silicon source and Cu(I) salt as a catalyst. This protocol introduces diverse silicon fragments into a challenging 7-membered ring structure and provides an efficient approach to a wide array of biologically important silyl-substituted benzo[b]azepin-2-ones. Several control experiments suggest that the reaction undergoes a free radical process. The gram-scale synthesis and late-stage transformations further demonstrate the scalability and applicability of the reaction in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China.
| | - Lichao Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China.
| | - Guiling Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyu Sheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China.
| | - Yijia Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, P. R. China
| | - Jiazhu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China.
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2
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Bone KI, Puleo TR, Bandar JS. Direct C-H Hydroxylation of N-Heteroarenes and Benzenes via Base-Catalyzed Halogen Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9755-9767. [PMID: 38530788 PMCID: PMC11006572 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxylated (hetero)arenes are valued in many industries as both key constituents of end products and diversifiable synthetic building blocks. Accordingly, the development of reactions that complement and address the limitations of existing methods for the introduction of aromatic hydroxyl groups is an important goal. To this end, we apply base-catalyzed halogen transfer (X-transfer) to enable the direct C-H hydroxylation of mildly acidic N-heteroarenes and benzenes. This protocol employs an alkoxide base to catalyze X-transfer from sacrificial 2-halothiophene oxidants to aryl substrates, forming SNAr-active intermediates that undergo nucleophilic hydroxylation. Key to this process is the use of 2-phenylethanol as an inexpensive hydroxide surrogate that, after aromatic substitution and rapid elimination, provides the hydroxylated arene and styrene byproduct. Use of simple 2-halothiophenes allows for C-H hydroxylation of 6-membered N-heteroarenes and 1,3-azole derivatives, while a rationally designed 2-halobenzothiophene oxidant extends the scope to electron-deficient benzene substrates. Mechanistic studies indicate that aromatic X-transfer is reversible, suggesting that the deprotonation, halogenation, and substitution steps operate in synergy, manifesting in unique selectivity trends that are not necessarily dependent on the most acidic aryl position. The utility of this method is further demonstrated through streamlined target molecule syntheses, examples of regioselectivity that contrast alternative C-H hydroxylation methods, and the scalable recycling of the thiophene oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendelyn I. Bone
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Thomas R. Puleo
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Bandar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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3
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Mosiagin I, Fernandes AJ, Budinská A, Hayriyan L, Ylijoki KEO, Katayev D. Catalytic ipso-Nitration of Organosilanes Enabled by Electrophilic N-Nitrosaccharin Reagent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310851. [PMID: 37632357 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitroaromatic compounds represent one of the essential classes of molecules that are widely used as feedstock for the synthesis of intermediates, the preparation of nitro-derived pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials on both laboratory and industrial scales. We herein disclose the efficient, mild, and catalytic ipso-nitration of organotrimethylsilanes, enabled by an electrophilic N-nitrosaccharin reagent and allows chemoselective nitration under mild reaction conditions, while exhibiting remarkable substrate generality and functional group compatibility. Additionally, the reaction conditions proved to be orthogonal to other common functionalities, allowing programming of molecular complexity via successive transformations or late-stage nitration. Detailed mechanistic investigation by experimental and computational approaches strongly supported a classical electrophilic aromatic substitution (SE Ar) mechanism, which was found to proceed through a highly ordered transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mosiagin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anthony J Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alena Budinská
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Liana Hayriyan
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kai E O Ylijoki
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3 C3, Canada
| | - Dmitry Katayev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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4
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Le TA, Huynh TP. Current advances in the Chemical functionalization and Potential applications of Guar gum and its derivatives. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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5
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Kuciński K, Hreczycho G. Transition metal‐free catalytic C−H silylation of terminal alkynes with bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene initiated by KHMDS. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kuciński
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Faculty of Chemistry Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań POLAND
| | - Grzegorz Hreczycho
- Adam Mickiewicz University: Uniwersytet im Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu Faculty of Chemistry POLAND
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6
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Jeong E, Heo J, Jin S, Kim D, Chang S. KO tBu-Catalyzed 1,2-Silaboration of N-Heteroarenes to Access 2-Silylheterocycles: A Cooperative Model for the Regioselectivity. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunchan Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Joon Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seongho Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Neil B, Lucien F, Fensterbank L, Chauvier C. Transition-Metal-Free Silylation of Unactivated C(sp 2)–H Bonds with tert-Butyl-Substituted Silyldiazenes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Neil
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 CEDEX 05 Paris, France
| | - Franck Lucien
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 CEDEX 05 Paris, France
| | - Louis Fensterbank
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 CEDEX 05 Paris, France
| | - Clément Chauvier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 CEDEX 05 Paris, France
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Stachowiak H, Kuciński K, Kallmeier F, Kempe R, Hreczycho G. Cobalt-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative C-H Silylation of Alkynylsilanes. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103629. [PMID: 34634167 PMCID: PMC9299208 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report that a cobalt catalyst permits the general synthesis of substituted alkynylsilanes through dehydrogenative coupling of alkynylsilanes and hydrosilanes. Several silylated alkynes, including di‐ and trisubstituted ones, were prepared in a one‐step procedure. Thirty‐seven compounds were synthesized for the first time by applying our catalyst system. The alkynylsilanes bearing hydrosilyl moieties provide an opportunity for further functionalization (e. g., hydrosilylation). The use of primary silanes as substrates and precatalyst activators permits the use of inexpensive and easily accessible 3d metal precatalysts, and avoids the presence of additional activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Stachowiak
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Silicon Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kuciński
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Silicon Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Fabian Kallmeier
- Inorganic Chemistry II-Catalyst Design, Sustainable Chemistry Centre, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rhett Kempe
- Inorganic Chemistry II-Catalyst Design, Sustainable Chemistry Centre, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Hreczycho
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Silicon Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.,Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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9
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Yamagishi H, Saito H, Shimokawa J, Yorimitsu H. Design, Synthesis, and Implementation of Sodium Silylsilanolates as Silyl Transfer Reagents. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamagishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hayate Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jun Shimokawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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10
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Sarkar W, Mishra A, Bhowmik A, Deb I. Copper-Catalyzed Direct sp 2 C-H Silylation of Arylamides Using Disilanes. Org Lett 2021; 23:4521-4526. [PMID: 33984233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed method for direct intermolecular ortho-silylation of benzamides has been developed that affords organosilane products in moderate to high yields. The key features include: (i) use of commercially available disilanes as a silicon source with 8-aminoquinoline as a bidentate directing group, (ii) use of earth-abundant first-row transition metal, (iii) operationally simple conditions without the need of an inert atmosphere, and (iv) tolerance of a wide range of functional groups. The practicality and effectiveness of this method have been demonstrated by a gram-scale experiment. This strategy, therefore, constitutes a convenient way of constructing C-Si bonds useful for synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Writhabrata Sarkar
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Aniket Mishra
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arup Bhowmik
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Indubhusan Deb
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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