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Smorodina AA, Buev EM, Moshkin VS, Sosnovskikh VY. Tunable Approach to Diverse Phenethylamines via Reduction of 5-Aryloxazolidines with Triethylsilane. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2294-2305. [PMID: 38315159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
A rapid pathway for the synthesis of various β-phenethylamines from aromatic aldehydes has been developed. Initially, a wide range of 5-aryloxazolidines was prepared via the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of N-methylazomethine ylide derived from sarcosine and paraformaldehyde. The subsequent reduction of 5-aryloxazolidines with triethylsilane in trifluoroacetic acid yields three types of products: N,N-dimethylphenylethanolamines, N,N-dimethylphenethylamines, and tetrahydroisoquinolines, depending on the substituents in the aromatic ring and reaction conditions. Moreover, an additional step of oxazolidine hydrolysis or ring-opening with hydrogen cyanide allowed us to synthesize N-methyl- or N-methyl-N-(cyanomethyl)phenethylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A Smorodina
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny M Buev
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir S Moshkin
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav Y Sosnovskikh
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
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Singh B, Kashyap S, Singh S, Gupta S, Ghorai MK. Catalytic Aminium Radical-Cation Salt (Magic Blue)-Initiated S N2-Type Nucleophilic Ring-Opening Transformations of Aziridines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2247-2263. [PMID: 38323416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
A simple and atom economic protocol for the construction of C-X/C-C bonds via catalytic aminium radical-cation salt (Magic Blue)-initiated SN2-type nucleophilic ring-opening transformations of racemic and nonracemic aziridines with different hetero and carbon nucleophiles to afford various amino ethers, thioethers, and amines in up to 99% yield, and with perfect enantiospecificity for some substrates but reduced ee with others (for nonracemic aziridines), is developed. This aminium radical-cation salt-initiated, SN2-type nucleophilic ring-opening strategy, along with various cyclization protocols, is employed to synthesize various biologically significant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Suraj Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Shishir Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sikha Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Manas K Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
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Shennan BDA, Berheci D, Crompton JL, Davidson TA, Field JL, Williams BA, Dixon DJ. Branching out: redox strategies towards the synthesis of acyclic α-tertiary ethers. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5878-5929. [PMID: 35770619 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00669j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acyclic α-tertiary ethers represent a highly prevalent functionality, common to high-value bioactive molecules, such as pharmaceuticals and natural products, and feature as crucial synthetic handles in their construction. As such their synthesis has become an ever-more important goal in synthetic chemistry as the drawbacks of traditional strong base- and acid-mediated etherifications have become more limiting. In recent years, the generation of highly reactive intermediates via redox approaches has facilitated the synthesis of highly sterically-encumbered ethers and accordingly these strategies have been widely applied in α-tertiary ether synthesis. This review summarises and appraises the state-of-the-art in the application of redox strategies enabling acyclic α-tertiary ether synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D A Shennan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Diana Berheci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Jessica L Crompton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Timothy A Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Joshua L Field
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Benedict A Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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