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Ma R, Gu Y, Wang YE, Fei R, Xiong D, Mao J. One-Pot Synthesis of Indolin-3-ones Mediated by LiN(SiMe 3) 2/CsF. Org Lett 2024; 26:5082-5086. [PMID: 38848449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Indolin-3-ones are essential heterocycles with wide-ranging biological activities and medicinal values, and therefore, efficient approaches to their synthesis remain in demand. Herein, a novel and operationally simple method to generate indolin-3-ones is reported by using a tandem reaction of N-methylbenzylamines and methyl 2-fluorobenzoates mediated by the LiN(SiMe3)2 and CsF system (34 examples, 30-85% yields). The synthesis of C2-quaternary indolin-3-one further demonstrated the potential practicability of these tandem reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyuan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyun Gu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yan-En Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, P. R. China
| | - Rongbi Fei
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Mao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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Spivey JA, Collum DB. Potassium Hexamethyldisilazide (KHMDS): Solvent-Dependent Solution Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38901126 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Solution structures of potassium hexamethyldisilazide [KHMDS] and labeled [15N]KHMDS were examined using a number of analytical methods including 29Si NMR spectroscopy and density functional theory computations. A combination of 15N-29Si couplings, 29Si chemical shifts, and the method of continuous variations reveals dimers, monomers, and ion pairs. Weakly coordinating monofunctional ligands such as toluene, N,N-dimethylethylamine, and Et3N afford exclusively dimers. 1,3-Dioxolane, THF, dimethoxyethane, hexamethylphosphoramide, and diglyme provide dimers at low ligand concentrations and monomers at high ligand concentrations. N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylethylenediamine and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylcyclohexanediamine provide exclusively dimers at all ligand concentrations at ambient temperatures and significant monomer at -80 °C. Studies of 12-crown-4 ran into technical problems. Equimolar 15-crown-5 forms a dimer, whereas excess 15-crown-5 affords a putative ion pair. Whereas equimolar 18-crown-6 also affords a dimer, an excess provides a monomer rather than a solvent-separated ion pair. [2.2.2]cryptand affords what is believed to be a contact-ion-paired cryptate. Solvation was probed using largely density functional theory (DFT) computations. Thermally corrected energies are consistent with lower aggregates and higher solvates at low temperatures, but the magnitudes of the computed temperature dependencies were substantially larger than the experimentally derived data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse A Spivey
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - David B Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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Sreedharan R, Gandhi T. Masters of Mediation: MN(SiMe 3) 2 in Functionalization of C(sp 3)-H Latent Nucleophiles. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400435. [PMID: 38497321 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Organoalkali compounds have undergone a far-reaching transformation being a coupling partner to a mediator in unusual organic conversions which finds its spot in the field of sustainable synthesis. Transition-metal catalysis has always been the priority in C(sp3)-H bond functionalization, however alternatively, in recent times this has been seriously challenged by earth-abundant alkali metals and their complexes arriving at new sustainable organometallic reagents. In this line, the importance of MN(SiMe3)2 (M=Li, Na, K & Cs) reagent revived in C(sp3)-H bond functionalization over recent years in organic synthesis is showcased in this minireview. MN(SiMe3)2 reagent with higher reactivity, enhanced stability, and bespoke cation-π interaction have shown eye-opening mediated processes such as C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling, radical-radical cross-coupling, aminobenzylation, annulation, aroylation, and other transformations to utilize readily available petrochemical feedstocks. This article also emphasizes the unusual reactivity of MN(SiMe3)2 reagent in unreactive and robust C-X (X=O, N, F, C) bond cleavage reactions that occurred alongside the C(sp3)-H bond functionalization. Overall, this review encourages the community to exploit the untapped potential of MN(SiMe3)2 reagent and also inspires them to take up this subject to even greater heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramdas Sreedharan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirumanavelan Gandhi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Shuai S, Mao J, Zhou F, Yan Q, Chen L, Li J, Walsh PJ, Liang G. Base-Promoted Synthesis of Isoquinolines through a Tandem Reaction of 2-Methyl-arylaldehydes and Nitriles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6793-6797. [PMID: 38691096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
A convenient method for preparing 3-aryl isoquinolines via a base-promoted tandem reaction is presented. Simply combining commercially available 2-methyl-arylaldehydes, benzonitriles, NaN(SiMe3)2, and Cs2CO3 enabled the synthesis of a variety of isoquinolines (23 examples, ≤90% yield). Among the syntheses of isoquinolines, the transition metal-free method described here is straightforward, practical, and operationally simple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Shuai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, P. R. China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, P. R. China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qifeng Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, P. R. China
| | - Lingfeng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, P. R. China
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
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Sivaraj C, Gandhi T. Solvent-controlled amidation of acid chlorides at room temperature: new route to access aromatic primary amides and imides amenable for late-stage functionalization †. RSC Adv 2023; 13:9231-9236. [PMID: 36959886 PMCID: PMC10028618 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00403a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a solvent-controlled highly selective amidation and imidation of aroyl chlorides using an alkali-metal silyl-amide reagent (LiHMDS), which serves as a nitrogen source at room temperature. A unique feature of this method lies in the sequential silyl amidation of aryol chlorides and nitrogen–silicon bond cleavage of the corresponding N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)benzamide in a one-pot method in a very short reaction time. This effective strategy was extended to late-stage functionalization. Herein, we report a solvent-controlled highly selective amidation and imidation of aroyl chlorides using an alkali-metal silyl-amide reagent (LiHMDS), which serves as a nitrogen source at room temperature.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekaran Sivaraj
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014Tamil NaduIndia
| | - Thirumanavelan Gandhi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014Tamil NaduIndia
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Li J, Wang H, Jin H, Xiang Z, Chen L, Walsh PJ, Liang G. Base-Promoted Tandem Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydroisoquinolones. Org Lett 2022; 24:8125-8129. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, P.R. China
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, P.R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, P.R. China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, P.R. China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, P.R. China
| | - Lingfeng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, P.R. China
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, P.R. China
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