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Yao H, Sun N, Shao H, Wang T, Tan T. Ex utero embryogenesis of non-human primate embryos and beyond. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 82:102093. [PMID: 37573834 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding cellular and molecular processes underlying the human early post-implantation development represents one of the most fundamental questions in development and stem cell biology. As embryos implant into the uterus a week after fertilization, human development beyond the blastocyst stage is extremely difficult to study due to the inaccessibility of embryos and ethical concerns. The advents in the human embryo in vitro culture system provide an easily accessible, tractable, and perturbable platform to dissect key developmental events of human early embryonic development. However, these studies stopped around gastrulation to technical and ethical limitations, and our understanding of human gastrulation and early organogenesis remains poor. As closely related species to humans, non-human primates (NHPs) are suitable surrogate species to interrogate mechanisms underpinning human embryonic development. Here, we review the most recent advances in embryo in vitro culture systems of NHP and discuss their potential optimization strategies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Nianqin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Honglian Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Tianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Tao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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Sun Q, Dong J, Yang W, Jin Y, Yang M, Wang Y, Wang PL, Hu Y, Tsien JZ. Efficient reproduction of cynomolgus monkey using pronuclear embryo transfer technique. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:12956-60. [PMID: 18725640 PMCID: PMC2529107 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805639105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the technical bottlenecks in producing nonhuman primate models is that current assisted reproductive techniques, such as in vitro culture and frozen conservation of multicell-stage embryos, often result in poor embryo quality and subsequently lead to low birth rates. We investigated whether pronuclear embryo transfer can be used as an effective means for improving pregnancy and live birth rates of nonhuman primates. We collected 174 metaphase II oocytes by laparoscopy from 22 superovulated mature females and then fertilized these eggs using either in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection, resulting in a 33.3% and a 50% fertilization rate, respectively. These 66 fertilized pronuclear-stage embryos were then tubally transferred to 30 recipients and led to 7 births and 1 abortion. Importantly, we observed that the highest live birth rate of approximately 64% was obtained when the transfer of pronuclear embryos was performed in the presence of new corpus luteum in the ovary of recipients between 24 h and 36 h after estradiol peak. Therefore, our experiments demonstrate that by matching the critical time window in the recipient's reproductive cycle for achieving optimal embryo-uterine synchrony, pronuclear embryo transfer technology can significantly improve the pregnancy rate and live birth of healthy baby monkeys. This efficient method should be valuable to the systematic efforts in construction of various transgenic primate disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- *Yunnan Banna Primate Disease Model Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Lab of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education and Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Juan Dong
- *Yunnan Banna Primate Disease Model Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Lab of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education and Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China; and
- Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Wenting Yang
- *Yunnan Banna Primate Disease Model Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Lab of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education and Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China; and
- Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Yujuan Jin
- *Yunnan Banna Primate Disease Model Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Lab of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education and Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Mingying Yang
- *Yunnan Banna Primate Disease Model Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Lab of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education and Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Yan Wang
- *Yunnan Banna Primate Disease Model Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Lab of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education and Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Philip L. Wang
- Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Yinghe Hu
- *Yunnan Banna Primate Disease Model Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Lab of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education and Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Joe Z. Tsien
- *Yunnan Banna Primate Disease Model Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Lab of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education and Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China; and
- Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
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Curnow EC, Pawitri D, Hayes ES. Sequential culture medium promotes the in vitro development of Macaca fascicularis embryos to blastocysts. Am J Primatol 2002; 57:203-12. [PMID: 12210672 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.10043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In vitro production of blastocyst stage embryos from Macaca fascicularis (Mf) has not previously been demonstrated without cell support. Historical data indicates that a large proportion of Mf embryos arrest at the morula stage in nonsequential culture medium (NSM) lacking serum supplementation and/or cell support. Here we report the application of a sequential culture system supporting in vitro production of Mf blastocysts. Mf embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF; n = 69) were subjected to in vitro culture without cell support in either a commercial sequential embryo culture medium (SM) or an NSM. At 24 hr post-insemination (PI) embryos generated from in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes and cultured in the NSM cleaved to two or more cells in significantly greater proportions (15/23; 65%) compared to embryos cultured in SM (14/46; 30%). However, by day 3 PI embryo development beyond eight cells was not different in NSM (9/23; 39%) compared to SM (25/46; 54%). At day 5 PI embryo development to the morula stage was slightly lower in NSM (8/23, 35%) compared to SM (21/46, 45%), and embryo degeneration was slightly higher in NSM (9/23, 39%) compared to SM (9/46, 20%). After 7-9 days of in vitro culture, embryo development to the blastocyst stage and embryo degeneration were significantly lower and higher, respectively, in NSM (0/23, 0%; and 23/23, 100%) compared to SM (9/46, 20%; and 26/46, 56%). In this study the sequential culture system was better able to support in vitro development of Mf embryos compared to nonsequential culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Curnow
- Monash Institute of Reproduction and Development, Clayton, Australia
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Sankai T, Cho F, Yoshikawa Y. In vitro fertilization and preimplantation embryo development of African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). Am J Primatol 2000; 43:43-50. [PMID: 9294640 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1997)43:1<43::aid-ajp3>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ovaries of five adult female African green monkeys were stimulated by repeated administrations of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG), followed by a single administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). Oocytes were collected from enlarged follicles 28 h after hCG administration and incubated in vitro for 288 h. Oocytes that had extruded the first polar body were inseminated with spermatozoa that had been incubated for 4 to 6 h in medium with caffeine and dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Of these oocytes, 66% were fertilized and the incidence of polyspermy was 37%. Eighty-two percent of the fertilized eggs cleaved, with some developing into expanded blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sankai
- Tsukuba Primate Center for Medical Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Sankai T. In vitro manipulation of nonhuman primate gametes for embryo production and embryo transfer. Exp Anim 2000; 49:69-81. [PMID: 10889945 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.49.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Since nonhuman primates are closely related to humans and share many physical similarities, they are important for use in research areas such as human infectious diseases, reproduction, physiology, endocrinology, metabolism, neurology and longevity. To develop and maintain these animals, we must establish techniques for in vitro manipulation of spermatozoa and eggs. For a decade my research group has been conducting basic research to establish embryo manipulation techniques and to clarify the reproductive phenomena in nonhuman primates. This article summarizes the past research on in vitro manipulation of nonhuman primate gametes, from collection of reproductive cells and in vitro fertilization to the birth of offspring after embryo transfer, as well as the current status of these research areas. The studies summarized here will directly lead to the development of standard techniques for practical and comprehensive use in nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sankai
- Tsukuba Primate Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ibaraki, Japan
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Oerke AK, Einspanier A, Hodges JK. Noninvasive monitoring of follicle development, ovulation, and corpus luteum formation in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) by ultrasonography. Am J Primatol 1996; 39:99-113. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1996)39:2<99::aid-ajp2>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/1995] [Accepted: 11/21/1995] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zelinski-Wooten MB, Alexander M, Christensen CL, Wolf DP, Hess DL, Stouffer RL. Individualized gonadotropin regimens for follicular stimulation in macaques during in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. J Med Primatol 1994; 23:367-74. [PMID: 7731026 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.1994.tb00122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Follicular stimulation was compared in macaques receiving sequential gonadotropin treatment which was terminated after seven, eight, or nine days depending on the time required to attain preselected criteria of follicular maturation. Although estradiol levels and follicle sizes varied, the number of follicles and oocytes/animal, oocyte nuclear maturity, IVF rates and progesterone levels during the luteal phase were similar among groups. Reducing the duration of gonadotropin treatment to individualize follicular stimulation regimens does not compromise follicle or gamete quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Zelinski-Wooten
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beaverton 97006, USA
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