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Valeri MP, Dias GB, Moreira CN, Yonenaga-Yassuda Y, Stanyon R, Kuhn GCES, Svartman M. Characterization of Satellite DNAs in Squirrel Monkeys genus Saimiri (Cebidae, Platyrrhini). Sci Rep 2020; 10:7783. [PMID: 32385398 PMCID: PMC7210261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Saimiri is a decades-long taxonomic and phylogenetic puzzle to which cytogenetics has contributed crucial data. All Saimiri species apparently have a diploid number of 2n = 44 but vary in the number of chromosome arms. Repetitive sequences such as satellite DNAs are potentially informative cytogenetic markers because they display high evolutionary rates. Our goal is to increase the pertinent karyological data by more fully characterizing satellite DNA sequences in the Saimiri genus. We were able to identify two abundant satellite DNAs, alpha (~340 bp) and CapA (~1,500 bp), from short-read clustering of sequencing datasets from S. boliviensis. The alpha sequences comprise about 1% and the CapA 2.2% of the S. boliviensis genome. We also mapped both satellite DNAs in S. boliviensis, S. sciureus, S. vanzolinii, and S. ustus. The alpha has high interspecific repeat homogeneity and was mapped to the centromeres of all analyzed species. CapA is associated with non-pericentromeric heterochromatin and its distribution varies among Saimiri species. We conclude that CapA genomic distribution and its pervasiveness across Platyrrhini makes it an attractive cytogenetic marker for Saimiri and other New World monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Pelizaro Valeri
- Laboratório de Citogenômica Evolutiva, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Borges Dias
- Department of Genetics and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Camila Nascimento Moreira
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yatiyo Yonenaga-Yassuda
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roscoe Stanyon
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gustavo Campos E Silva Kuhn
- Laboratório de Citogenômica Evolutiva, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marta Svartman
- Laboratório de Citogenômica Evolutiva, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Carneiro J, Rodrigues-Filho LFDS, Schneider H, Sampaio I. Molecular data highlight hybridization in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri, Cebidae). Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:539-546. [PMID: 27801483 PMCID: PMC5127161 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization has been reported increasingly frequently in recent years, fueling the debate on its role in the evolutionary history of species. Some studies have shown that hybridization is very common in captive New World primates, and hybrid offspring have phenotypes and physiological responses distinct from those of the "pure" parents, due to gene introgression. Here we used the TA15 Alu insertion to investigate hybridization in the genus Saimiri. Our results indicate the hybridization of Saimiri boliviensis peruviensis with S. sciureus macrodon, and S. b. boliviensis with S. ustus. Unexpectedly, some hybrids of both S. boliviensis peruviensis and S. b. boliviensis were homozygous for the absence of the insertion, which indicates that the hybrids were fertile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson Carneiro
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário de Bragança, PA,
Brazil
| | | | - Horacio Schneider
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário de Bragança, PA,
Brazil
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário de Bragança, PA,
Brazil
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Chiou KL, Pozzi L, Lynch Alfaro JW, Di Fiore A. Pleistocene diversification of living squirrel monkeys (Saimiri spp.) inferred from complete mitochondrial genome sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 59:736-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zimbler-DeLorenzo HS, Stone AI. Integration of field and captive studies for understanding the behavioral ecology of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sp.). Am J Primatol 2011; 73:607-22. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lavergne A, Ruiz-García M, Catzeflis F, Lacote S, Contamin H, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Lacoste V, de Thoisy B. Phylogeny and phylogeography of squirrel monkeys (genus Saimiri) based on cytochrome b genetic analysis. Am J Primatol 2010; 72:242-53. [PMID: 19937739 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Squirrel monkeys (genus Saimiri) are distributed over a wide area encompassing the Amazon Basin: French Guiana, Suriname, and Guyana, together with Western Panama and Western Costa Rica. The genus Saimiri includes a complex of species and subspecies displaying considerable morphological variation. Taxonomic and systematic studies have identified, in this genus, one to seven species comprising up to 16 subspecies. The phylogenetic relationships between these taxa are poorly understood. Molecular markers have yielded a consistent framework for the systematics of Central and South American Saimiri, identifying four distinct clades: S. oerstedii, S. sciureus, S. boliviensis, and S. ustus. Here, we reconsider the phylogenetic and biogeographic history of Saimiri on the basis of mitochondrial (mtDNA) sequence data, focusing mostly on individuals originating from the Amazon Basin. We studied 32 monkeys with well-defined geographic origins and inferred the phylogenetic relationships between them on the basis of full-length cytochrome b gene nucleotide sequences. The high level of gene diversity observed (0.966) is consistent with the high level of behavioral and morphological variation observed across the geographic range of the genus: 20 mtDNA haplotypes were identified with a maximum divergence of 4.81% between S. b. boliviensis and S. ustus. In addition to confirming the existence of the four clades previously identified on the basis of molecular characters, we suggest several new lineages, including S. s. macrodon, S. s. albigena, S. s. cassiquiarensis, and S. s. collinsi. We also propose new patterns of dispersion and diversification for the genus Saimiri, and discuss the contribution of certain rivers and forest refuges to its structuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lavergne
- Centre de Primatologie de l'Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
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Osterholz M, Vermeer J, Walter L, Roos C. A PCR-based marker to simply identify Saimiri sciureus and S. boliviensis boliviensis. Am J Primatol 2009; 70:1177-80. [PMID: 18831057 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Squirrel monkeys, mainly Saimiri sciureus and S. boliviensis, are common in zoos and widely used in biomedical research. However, an exact species identification based on morphological characteristics is difficult. Hence, several molecular methods were proposed, but all of them are expensive and require extensive laboratory work. In contrast, we describe an Alu integration, which is present in S. boliviensis boliviensis and absent in S. sciureus. Among analyzed S. b. peruviensis specimens various presence/absence patterns of the integration were detected indicating that this study population might have originated from a natural hybrid zone. Based on the size of the Alu element ( approximately 300 bp), the presence/absence pattern of the integration can easily be traced by PCR and followed by agarose gel electrophoresis.
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Silva JMCD, Oren DC. Application of parsimony analysis of endemicity in Amazonian biogeography: an example with primates. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1996.tb01475.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cortés-Ortiz L, Duda TF, Canales-Espinosa D, García-Orduña F, Rodríguez-Luna E, Bermingham E. Hybridization in large-bodied New World primates. Genetics 2007; 176:2421-5. [PMID: 17603105 PMCID: PMC1950642 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.107.074278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-documented cases of natural hybridization among primates are not common. In New World primates, natural hybridization has been reported only for small-bodied species, but no genotypic data have ever been gathered that confirm these reports. Here we present genetic evidence of hybridization of two large-bodied species of neotropical primates that diverged approximately 3 MYA. We used species-diagnostic mitochondrial and microsatellite loci and the Y chromosome Sry gene to determine the hybrid status of 36 individuals collected from an area of sympatry in Tabasco, Mexico. Thirteen individuals were hybrids. We show that hybridization and subsequent backcrosses are directionally biased and that the only likely cross between parental species produces fertile hybrid females, but fails to produce viable or fertile males. This system can be used as a model to study gene interchange between primate species that have not achieved complete reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Cortés-Ortiz
- Museum of Zoology, and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Rylands AB. Primate Genetics — Is Taxonomy a Trivial Pursuit? Review ofPrimate Cytogenetics, edited by Stefan Müller, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany. S. Karger, Basel, Switzerland. 268pp. ISSN: 1424–8581. 111 Figures, 56 Tables. Hardcover: 122.00 Swiss francs, Eur87.00, US$ 111.00. 2005. A reprint ofCytogenetic and Genome Research, Volume 108(1–3). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1896/052.022.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cropp S, Boinski S. The Central American squirrel monkey (Saimiri oerstedii): introduced hybrid or endemic species? Mol Phylogenet Evol 2000; 16:350-65. [PMID: 10991789 DOI: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although squirrel monkeys (Saimiri spp., Primates: Cebidae) are abundant and widespread in South America, the disjunct Central American species, Saimiri oerstedii, has been restricted to the Pacific wet lowlands of Costa Rica and Panama since the earliest historical records. This taxon is now endangered in Costa Rica and nearly extinct in Panama because of habitat loss, development, and the pet trade. Conservation efforts have been hampered because of the influential, but untested, speculation that S. oerstedii represents a hybrid species introduced by prehispanic Amerind traders from multiple localities in South America. Using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships among Saimiri from Central and South America, we reexamine the taxonomic status of squirrel monkeys from different geographic regions. The sequence data support P. Hershkovitz's (1984, Am. J. Primatol. 6: 257-281) taxonomy advocating four distinct species. Combining this information with evidence from the fossil record to date the divergence times among sister taxa, we test and reject the hypothesis that Central American squirrel monkeys are the result of human introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cropp
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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Su B, Wang W, Zhang YP. Protein polymorphism and genetic divergence in slow loris (genusNycticebus). Primates 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02557745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Schreiber A, Wang M, Kaumanns W. Captive breeding of squirrel monkeys,Saimiri sciureus andSaimiri boliviensis: The problem of hybrid groups. Zoo Biol 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2361(1998)17:2<95::aid-zoo5>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Clarke AS, Boinski S. Temperament in nonhuman primates. Am J Primatol 1995; 37:103-125. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350370205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/1993] [Accepted: 02/02/1994] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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