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Francis G, Wang Q. Coming to the Caribbean-acclimation of Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) at Cayo Santiago. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 181:271-295. [PMID: 37083128 PMCID: PMC10443431 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether the Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico (Latitude: 18.1564°N; temperature range 19°C to 32°C) rhesus macaque population has acclimated to their tropical island conditions since arriving from Lucknow, India (Latitude: 26.8470°N; temperature range 8°C to 41°C) in 1938. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the derived skeletal collection, measurements were taken of long bone lengths, diaphyseal circumference, and body weight using 635 (237 males and 398 females) skeletally mature individuals. Measurements sampled colony members born over a 51-year time span at Cayo Santiago, from 1951 to 2002. RESULTS Results demonstrated that body weights and diaphyseal circumferences significantly declined in both males and females. Long bone lengths relative to body weight and diaphyseal circumference also increased in females. Whereas body weight, long bone length and diaphyseal circumference declined at near parallel rates in males. DISCUSSION The population has acclimated to homogenous, tropical, conditions of the Caribbean island since their arrival over 80 years ago. Trends in both sexes aligned with Bergmann's rule, though females displayed a greater decline in body weight, as well as greater affinity with Allen's rule, than did males. Buffering effects related to male competition may be responsible for this discrepancy. Overall, the Cayo Santiago populations, as shown over a significant period (1951-2002) of their history, have acclimated to their island conditions by decreasing in size and altering body proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Francis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Beeching SC, Elsey R, Rehorek SJ. Ontogeny of the American Alligator (
Alligator mississippiensis
) prenatal head: a morphometric approach. J Morphol 2022; 283:805-814. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. C. Beeching
- Department of Biology Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA 16057
| | - R. Elsey
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Louisiana
| | - S. J. Rehorek
- Department of Biology Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA 16057
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Panagiotopoulou O, Iriarte-Diaz J, Wilshin S, Dechow PC, Taylor AB, Mehari Abraha H, Aljunid SF, Ross CF. In vivo bone strain and finite element modeling of a rhesus macaque mandible during mastication. ZOOLOGY 2017; 124:13-29. [PMID: 29037463 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Finite element analysis (FEA) is a commonly used tool in musculoskeletal biomechanics and vertebrate paleontology. The accuracy and precision of finite element models (FEMs) are reliant on accurate data on bone geometry, muscle forces, boundary conditions and tissue material properties. Simplified modeling assumptions, due to lack of in vivo experimental data on material properties and muscle activation patterns, may introduce analytical errors in analyses where quantitative accuracy is critical for obtaining rigorous results. A subject-specific FEM of a rhesus macaque mandible was constructed, loaded and validated using in vivo data from the same animal. In developing the model, we assessed the impact on model behavior of variation in (i) material properties of the mandibular trabecular bone tissue and teeth; (ii) constraints at the temporomandibular joint and bite point; and (iii) the timing of the muscle activity used to estimate the external forces acting on the model. The best match between the FEA simulation and the in vivo experimental data resulted from modeling the trabecular tissue with an isotropic and homogeneous Young's modulus and Poisson's value of 10GPa and 0.3, respectively; constraining translations along X,Y, Z axes in the chewing (left) side temporomandibular joint, the premolars and the m1; constraining the balancing (right) side temporomandibular joint in the anterior-posterior and superior-inferior axes, and using the muscle force estimated at time of maximum strain magnitude in the lower lateral gauge. The relative strain magnitudes in this model were similar to those recorded in vivo for all strain locations. More detailed analyses of mandibular strain patterns during the power stroke at different times in the chewing cycle are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Panagiotopoulou
- Moving Morphology & Functional Mechanics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - José Iriarte-Diaz
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois, 801 S. Paulina St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Simon Wilshin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Paul C Dechow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Andrea B Taylor
- Department of Basic Science, Touro University, 1310 Club Drive, Mare Island, Vellejo, CA 94592, USA
| | - Hyab Mehari Abraha
- Moving Morphology & Functional Mechanics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sharifah F Aljunid
- Materialise Unit 5-01, Menara OBYU, No. 4, Jalan PJU 8/8A, Damansara Perdana, 47820 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Callum F Ross
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, 1027 E. 57th St., Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Ross CF, Iriarte-Diaz J, Reed DA, Stewart TA, Taylor AB. In vivo bone strain in the mandibular corpus of Sapajus during a range of oral food processing behaviors. J Hum Evol 2016; 98:36-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Svensson MS, Friant SC. Threats from trading and hunting of pottos and angwantibos in Africa resemble those faced by slow lorises in Asia. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2014. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Yom-Tov Y, Yom-Tov S, Zachos FE. Temporal and geographical variation in skull size of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the Eurasian badger (Meles meles) in Austria. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.02028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Yom-Tov
- Department of Zoology; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Shlomith Yom-Tov
- Department of Zoology; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Frank E. Zachos
- Mammal Collection; Natural History Museum Vienna; Burgring 7 1010 Vienna Austria
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Flores D, Casinos A. Cranial ontogeny and sexual dimorphism in two new world monkeys: Alouatta caraya (Atelidae) and Cebus apella (Cebidae). J Morphol 2011; 272:744-57. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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