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Lower Levels of Vestibular Developmental Stability in Slow-Moving than Fast-Moving Primates. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13122305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vestibular system of the mammalian inner ear senses angular and linear velocity of the head and enables animals to maintain their balance. Vestibular anatomy has been studied extensively in order to link its structure to particular kinds of locomotion. Available evidence indicates that, in primates, slow-moving species show higher levels of vestibular variation than fast-moving taxa. We analysed intraspecific morphological variation and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) levels in the semicircular canal systems of six species of lorisiform primates: three slow-moving lorisids and three fast-moving galagids. Our results showed clear differences in levels of intraspecific variation between slow-moving and fast-moving taxa. Higher levels of variation were responsible for deviations from coplanarity for synergistic pairs of canals in slower taxa. Lorisids also presented higher levels of FA than galagids. FA is a better indicator of agility than intraspecific variation. These results suggest that in order to function efficiently in fast taxa, semicircular canal systems must develop as symmetrically as possible, and should minimise the deviation from coplanarity for synergistic pairs. Higher levels of variation and asymmetry in slow-moving taxa may be related to lower levels of stabilising selection on the vestibular system, linked to a lower demand for rapid postural changes.
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Burgess ML, Schmitt D, Zeininger A, McFarlin SC, Zihlman AL, Polk JD, Ruff CB. Ontogenetic scaling of fore limb and hind limb joint posture and limb bone cross-sectional geometry in vervets and baboons. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 161:72-83. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Loring Burgess
- Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD
| | - Daniel Schmitt
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology; Duke University; Durham NC
| | - Angel Zeininger
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology; Duke University; Durham NC
| | - Shannon C. McFarlin
- Department of Anthropology; Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, the George Washington University; Washington DC
| | | | - John D. Polk
- Department of Anthropology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL
| | - Christopher B. Ruff
- Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD
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Youlatos D, Karantanis NE, Byron CD, Panyutina A. Pedal grasping in an arboreal rodent relates to above-branch behavior on slender substrates. J Zool (1987) 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Youlatos
- Department of Zoology; School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - N. E. Karantanis
- Department of Zoology; School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - C. D. Byron
- Department of Biology; College of Liberal Arts; Mercer University; Macon GA USA
| | - A. Panyutina
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
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Muchlinski MN, Durham EL, Smith TD, Burrows AM. Comparative histomorphology of intrinsic vibrissa musculature among primates: implications for the evolution of sensory ecology and “face touch”. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 150:301-12. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Jayne BC, Herrmann MP. Perch size and structure have species-dependent effects on the arboreal locomotion of rat snakes and boa constrictors. J Exp Biol 2011; 214:2189-201. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.055293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Arboreal habitats create diverse challenges for animal locomotion, but the numerical and phylogenetic diversity of snakes that climb trees suggest that their overall body plan is well suited for this task. Snakes have considerable diversity of axial anatomy, but the functional consequences of this diversity for arboreal locomotion are poorly understood because of the lack of comparative data. We simulated diverse arboreal surfaces to test whether environmental structure had different effects on the locomotion of snakes belonging to two distantly related species with differences in axial musculature and stoutness. On most cylindrical surfaces lacking pegs, both species used concertina locomotion, which always involved periodic stopping and gripping but was kinematically distinct in the two species. On horizontal cylinders that were a small fraction of body diameter, the boa constrictors used a balancing form of lateral undulation that was not observed for rat snakes. For all snakes the presence of pegs elicited lateral undulation and enhanced speed. For both species maximal speeds decreased with increased incline and were greatest on cylinders with intermediate diameters that approximated the diameter of the snakes. The frictional resistances that we studied had small effects compared with those of cylinder diameter, incline and the presence of pegs. The stouter and more muscular boa constrictors were usually faster than the rat snakes when using the gripping gait, whereas rat snakes were faster when using lateral undulation on the surfaces with pegs. Thus, variation in environmental structure had several highly significant effects on locomotor mode, performance and kinematics that were species dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce C. Jayne
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 210006, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0006, USA
| | - Michael P. Herrmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 210006, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0006, USA
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Scaling of chew cycle duration in primates. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2009; 138:30-44. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Stevens NJ. The effect of branch diameter on primate gait sequence pattern. Am J Primatol 2008; 70:356-62. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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