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Heymann EW. New sniffing at New World primates: recent advances in the study of platyrrhine olfactory communication. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2021.2015454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard W. Heymann
- Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany(E-mail: )
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Dietz JM, Hankerson SJ, Alexandre BR, Henry MD, Martins AF, Ferraz LP, Ruiz-Miranda CR. Yellow fever in Brazil threatens successful recovery of endangered golden lion tamarins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12926. [PMID: 31506447 PMCID: PMC6736970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The golden lion tamarin is an endangered primate endemic to Brazil's Atlantic Forest. Centuries of deforestation reduced numbers to a few hundred individuals in isolated forest fragments 80 km from Rio de Janeiro city. Intensive conservation action including reintroduction of zoo-born tamarins into forest fragments 1984-2000, increased numbers to about 3,700 in 2014. Beginning in November 2016, southeastern Brazil experienced the most severe yellow fever epidemic/epizootic in the country in 80 years. In May 2018, we documented the first death of a golden lion tamarin due to yellow fever. We re-evaluated population sizes and compared them to results of a census completed in 2014. Tamarin numbers declined 32%, with ca. 2,516 individuals remaining in situ. Tamarin losses were significantly greater in forest fragments that were larger, had less forest edge and had better forest connectivity, factors that may favor the mosquito vectors of yellow fever. The future of golden lion tamarins depends on the extent of additional mortality, whether some tamarins survive the disease and acquire immunity, and the potential development of a vaccine to protect the species against yellow fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Dietz
- Save the Golden Lion Tamarin, Silver Spring, Maryland, 22842, USA.
- Associação Mico-Leão-Dourado, Casimiro de Abreu, CP 109968, CEP 28860-970, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Sarah J Hankerson
- Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55403, USA
| | - Brenda Rocha Alexandre
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Praia Vermelha, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 24210-240, Brazil
| | - Malinda D Henry
- Associação Mico-Leão-Dourado, Casimiro de Abreu, CP 109968, CEP 28860-970, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM/UFRJ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida São José do Barreto 764, São José do Barreto, Macaé, CEP 27965-045, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréia F Martins
- Associação Mico-Leão-Dourado, Casimiro de Abreu, CP 109968, CEP 28860-970, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luís Paulo Ferraz
- Associação Mico-Leão-Dourado, Casimiro de Abreu, CP 109968, CEP 28860-970, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Ruiz-Miranda
- Associação Mico-Leão-Dourado, Casimiro de Abreu, CP 109968, CEP 28860-970, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, CEP 28013-602, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Dröscher I, Kappeler PM. Maintenance of familiarity and social bonding via communal latrine use in a solitary primate ( Lepilemur leucopus). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014; 68:2043-2058. [PMID: 25395720 PMCID: PMC4220112 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Latrine use (i.e., the repeated use of specific defecation/urination sites) has been described for several mammals, including carnivores, ungulates, and primates. However, the functional significance of latrine use in primates has not been studied systematically yet. We, therefore, followed 14 radio-collared individuals of the pair-living white-footed sportive lemur (Lepilemur leucopus) for 1097 hours of continuous focal observations to investigate latrine distribution, seasonality of latrine use, as well as age and sex of users to test various hypotheses related to possible functions of latrine use, including territory demarcation, resource defense, signaling of reproductive state, social bonding, and mate defense. All individuals of a social unit exhibited communal use of latrines located in the core area of their territory, supporting the social boding hypothesis. Latrine use seems to facilitate familiarity and social bonding within social units via olfactory communication in this primate that lives in family units but exhibits low levels of spatial cohesion and direct social interactions. In addition, frequency of latrine visitation was higher during nights of perceived intruder pressure, supporting the mate defense hypothesis. However, animals did not react to experimentally introduced feces from neighboring or strange social units, indicating that urine may be the more important component of latrines than feces in this arboreal species. Based on a survey of latrine use and function in other mammals, we conclude that latrines facilitate communication particularly in nocturnal species with limited habitat visibility and in species where individuals are not permanently cohesive because they constitute predictable areas for information exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Dröscher
- Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter M Kappeler
- Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany ; Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology & Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Hankerson S, Dietz J. Predation rate and future reproductive potential explain home range size in golden lion tamarins. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rasoloharijaona S, Randrianambinina B, Joly-Radko M. Does nonnutritive tree gouging in a rainforest-dwelling lemur convey resource ownership as does loud calling in a dry forest-dwelling lemur? Am J Primatol 2011; 72:1062-72. [PMID: 20623502 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates may defend crucial resources using acoustic or chemical signals. When essential resources are limited, ownership display for a resource may be enhanced. Defending resources may depend on population density and habitat characteristics. Using the Milne Edwards' sportive lemurs (Lepilemur edwardsi) and weasel sportive lemurs (L. mustelinus) as models, we tested whether two cryptic nocturnal lemur species differing in population density and habitat show differences in their vocal and chemical communication for signaling ownership of resources. L. edwardsi inhabits a western dry deciduous forest in a high-density population, whereas L. mustelinus is found in an eastern rainforest in low density. We followed ten L. edwardsi (six males and four females) and nine L. mustelinus (four males and five females) for 215 hr during the early evening (06:00-10:00 p.m.) and the early morning (02:00-05:00 a.m.) and recorded their behavior using focal animal sampling. We found that both species differed in their vocal and chemical communication. L. edwardsi was highly vocal and displayed loud calling in the mornings and evenings while feeding or in the vicinity of resting places. In contrast, L. mustelinus never vocalized during observations, but displayed tree-gouging behavior that was never observed in L. edwardsi. Tree gouging occurred more often during early evening sessions than early morning sessions. Subjects gouged trees after leaving their sleeping hole and before moving around. We suggest that, in weasel sportive lemurs, non-nutritive tree gouging is used as a scent-marking behavior in order to display ownership of sleeping sites. Altogether, our findings provide first empirical evidence on the evolution of different communication systems in two cryptic nocturnal primate species contrasting in habitat quality and population density. Further investigations are needed to provide more insight into the underlying mechanisms.
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Associations between primates and other mammals in a central Amazonian forest landscape. Primates 2008; 49:219-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10329-008-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hankerson SJ, Franklin SP, Dietz JM. Tree and forest characteristics influence sleeping site choice by golden lion tamarins. Am J Primatol 2007; 69:976-88. [PMID: 17358010 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Lion tamarin monkeys are among a small number of primates that repeatedly use a few tree holes for the majority of their sleeping sites. To better understand why lion tamarins rely on tree holes as sleeping sites, we compared the physical characteristics of frequently used sleeping sites, infrequently used sleeping sites, and randomly selected forest locations at multiple spatial scales. From 1990 to 2004, we recorded 5,235 occurrences of sleeping site use by 10 groups of golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia) in Poço das Antas Reserve, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Of those, 63.6% were tree holes. Bamboo accounted for an additional 17.5% of observations. Frequently used tree holes were more likely to be found in living trees and their entrances were at lower canopy heights than infrequently used tree holes. We also found that frequently used sleeping sites, in comparison to random sites, were more likely to be found on hillsides, be close to other large trees, have a lower percent of canopy cover, and have larger diameter at breast height. Topography and small-scale variables were more accurate than were habitat-level classifications in predicting frequently used sleeping sites. There are ample tree holes available to these lion tamarins but few preferred sites to which they return repeatedly. The lion tamarins find these preferred sites wherever they occur including in mature forest and in relics of older forest embedded in a matrix of secondary forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Hankerson
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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