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Delval I, Fernández-Bolaños M, Visalberghi E, Izar P, Valentova JV. Homosexual Courtship in Young Wild Capuchin Monkeys: A Case Study. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:2303-2315. [PMID: 37286765 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In primates, many species exhibit same-sex sexual behaviors (SSB), defined as "genital contact or genital manipulation between same-sex individuals." Several sociosexual functions have been proposed, including proceptivity enhancement, receptivity reduction, dominance assertion, practice for heterosexual copulation, tension regulation, reconciliation, and alliance formation. Capuchin monkeys are known for their rich and flexible sexual behavioral repertoire and elaborated courtships. At present, the few reports of SSB in capuchin monkeys (genera Sapajus and Cebus) focused on mounting. Here, we describe the case observed in a population of wild yellow-breasted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus xanthosternos) in which two young males, aged 5-6 years and 19 months, performed a 15-min uninterrupted sequence of courtship behaviors and mounting. Comparing with a previously established ethogram of 20 behaviors typical for heterosexual behavior of tufted capuchins, we show that these males performed 16 of them. Thus, SSBs are already present in the repertoire of young individuals and the practice may serve to create or strengthen bonds. Although same-sex mounting and genital inspection are common in capuchins' play and other social interactions, the almost entire array of courtship behaviors has never been observed in youngsters. Additionally, this example supports the notion that primate (homo)sexual behavior is not limited to genitalia and copulation, since the observed courtship included diverse behaviors different from genital contact. Thus, we propose a broader definition of sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Delval
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 1721, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Fernández-Bolaños
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 1721, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Elisabetta Visalberghi
- Unit of Cognitive Primatology and Primate Center, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrícia Izar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 1721, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Jaroslava Varella Valentova
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 1721, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
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Mucury Filho R, Camargo MR, Mendes FDC. Male-Directed Object Use by Proceptive Female Bearded Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) in Captivity. INT J PRIMATOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-020-00195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bernaldo de Quirós E, Wheeler BC, Hammerschmidt K, Heistermann M, Tiddi B. Do sexual calls in female black capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus) vary with fertility? An acoustic analysis. Am J Primatol 2018; 80:e22920. [PMID: 30296346 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Females across a range of animal taxa produce vocalizations and signals uniquely associated with periods of mating. While such signals may ultimately function to increase female attractivity to males, conflicting findings challenge the extent to which these signals co-vary in accordance with the probability of conception. Female black capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus) display an elaborate repertoire of both vocal and visual components as part of their socio-sexual behavior, and previous analyses have shown that the rates of production of visual, but not vocal, components provide graded information on female ovulation. It remains possible, however, that the acoustic parameters of these sexual calls, rather than their rate of productions, co-vary with female fertility. To test this, we analyzed structural and temporal call parameters from estrous calls and post-copulatory calls recorded over five consecutive mating seasons in 12 sexually mature females at Iguazú National Park, Argentina. Calls given during the fertile phase of the female ovarian cycle were compared with those given during the non-fertile phase, as determined by profiles of female reproductive hormones. Similarly, within the fertile phase, we tested whether temporal or spectral acoustic parameters of calls gradually change with the approach of ovulation. We did not find any significant relationship between call parameters and the two measures of female fertility in either female estrous calls or post-copulatory calls. However, some differences between pre- and post-copulatory calls were apparent. Overall, our results indicate that sexual calls in black capuchin females do not provide precise information about the timing of ovulation, but may allow listeners to make probabilistic inferences about whether copulations have taken place. This, combined with previous findings, suggests that females in our study may use signals in different modalities to convey information about their fertility and sexual behavior with varying degrees of precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Bernaldo de Quirós
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Brandon C Wheeler
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.,School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Kurt Hammerschmidt
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Tiddi
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Behavioral Ecology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Tiddi B, Heistermann M, Fahy MK, Wheeler BC. Male resource defense mating system in primates? An experimental test in wild capuchin monkeys. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197020. [PMID: 29787573 PMCID: PMC5963770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological models of mating systems provide a theoretical framework to predict the effect of the defendability of both breeding resources and mating partners on mating patterns. In resource-based mating systems, male control over breeding resources is tightly linked to female mating preference. To date, few field studies have experimentally investigated the relationship between male resource control and female mating preference in mammals due to difficulties in manipulating ecological factors (e.g., food contestability). We tested the within-group male resource defense hypothesis experimentally in a wild population of black capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus) in Iguazú National Park, Argentina. Sapajus spp. represent an ideal study model as, in contrast to most primates, they have been previously argued to be characterized by female mate choice and a resource-based mating system in which within-group resource monopolization by high-ranking males drives female mating preference for those males. Here, we examined whether females (N = 12) showed a weaker preference for alpha males during mating seasons in which food distribution was experimentally manipulated to be less defendable relative to those in which it was highly defendable. Results did not support the within-group male resource defense hypothesis, as female sexual preferences for alpha males did not vary based on food defendability. We discuss possible reasons for our results, including the possibility of other direct and indirect benefits females receive in exercising mate choice, the potential lack of tolerance over food directed towards females by alpha males, and phylogenetic constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tiddi
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Martin K Fahy
- CERCOPAN Nigeria, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Brandon C Wheeler
- School of Anthropology & Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
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Socio-genetic correlates of unbiased sex dispersal in a population of black capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus). Acta Ethol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10211-017-0277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lima JS, Leão DL, Oliveira KG, Brito AB, Sampaio WV, Santos RR, Queiroz HL, Domingues SF. Seminal coagulation and sperm quality in different social contexts in captive tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella
). Am J Primatol 2017; 79. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julianne S. Lima
- Laboratory of Amazon Animal Biotechnology and Medicine; Federal University of Pará; Castanhal Para Brazil
- Animal Sciences Post-Graduation Program; Federal University of Pará; Belém Para Brazil
| | - Danuza L. Leão
- Laboratory of Amazon Animal Biotechnology and Medicine; Federal University of Pará; Castanhal Para Brazil
- Animal Health and Production in Amazon Post-Graduation Program; Federal Rural University of the Amazon; Belém Para Brazil
| | - Karol G. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Amazon Animal Biotechnology and Medicine; Federal University of Pará; Castanhal Para Brazil
- Animal Sciences Post-Graduation Program; Federal University of Pará; Belém Para Brazil
- National Primate Center; Ananindeua Para Brazil
| | - Adriel B. Brito
- Laboratory of Amazon Animal Biotechnology and Medicine; Federal University of Pará; Castanhal Para Brazil
- Animal Sciences Post-Graduation Program; Federal University of Pará; Belém Para Brazil
| | - Wlaisa V. Sampaio
- Laboratory of Amazon Animal Biotechnology and Medicine; Federal University of Pará; Castanhal Para Brazil
- Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development; Tefé Amazonas Brazil
| | - Regiane R. Santos
- Laboratory of Amazon Animal Biotechnology and Medicine; Federal University of Pará; Castanhal Para Brazil
- Animal Sciences Post-Graduation Program; Federal University of Pará; Belém Para Brazil
| | - Helder L. Queiroz
- Animal Sciences Post-Graduation Program; Federal University of Pará; Belém Para Brazil
- Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development; Tefé Amazonas Brazil
| | - Sheyla F. Domingues
- Laboratory of Amazon Animal Biotechnology and Medicine; Federal University of Pará; Castanhal Para Brazil
- Animal Sciences Post-Graduation Program; Federal University of Pará; Belém Para Brazil
- Animal Health and Production in Amazon Post-Graduation Program; Federal Rural University of the Amazon; Belém Para Brazil
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Lynch Alfaro JW, Izar P, Ferreira RG. Capuchin monkey research priorities and urgent issues. Am J Primatol 2014; 76:705-20. [PMID: 24668460 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The "Capuchin research community roundtable: working together towards a comparative biology of Cebus and Sapajus" was held at the International Primatological Society Congress in Cancún, Mexico, August 2012. Goals of the roundtable were to strengthen interactions among the capuchin research community, and to prioritize and coordinate research and training in a more systematic and interactive way in light of increasing conservation urgency. New phylogenetic and biogeographic evidence highlights the distinct evolutionary histories of the two radiations of capuchin monkeys, Cebus (untufted or gracile capuchins) and Sapajus (tufted or robust capuchins), that were formerly lumped under Cebus, and points to a higher number of species, or Evolutionarily Significant Units, in each compared to past capuchin taxonomies. Many of the lesser-known species face increasing fragmentation and destruction of habitat, and most populations of still non-threatened species face encroachment from human settlements. Here, we present capuchin research priorities and urgent issues based on the discussion by capuchin researchers in the roundtable. These include a call for the immediate end to the use of the name Cebus apella and the employment of the term Sapajus spp. instead for captive robust capuchins of unknown origin; for the implementation of rapid assessments for previously unstudied capuchin species or populations in biomes of interest; for the development of standardized methods to allow for comparative analyses across capuchin field sites; and for the creation and maintenance of an open-access website for capuchin monkey data. Finally, we planned the creation of an international Capuchin Action Network, to help disseminate research information; to work as a research community in a more efficient, collaborative manner; to help prioritize research and conservation goals as a community of experts; and to strengthen our political voice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica W Lynch Alfaro
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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Matthews LJ. The recognition signal hypothesis for the adaptive evolution of religion : a phylogenetic test with Christian denominations. HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2012; 23:218-49. [PMID: 22623139 DOI: 10.1007/s12110-012-9138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent research on the evolution of religion has focused on whether religion is an unselected by-product of evolutionary processes or if it is instead an adaptation by natural selection. Adaptive hypotheses for religion include direct fitness benefits from improved health and indirect fitness benefits mediated by costly signals and/or cultural group selection. Herein, I propose that religious denominations achieve indirect fitness gains for members through the use of ecologically arbitrary beliefs, rituals, and moral rules that function as recognition markers of cultural inheritance analogous to kin and species recognition of genetic inheritance in biology. This recognition signal hypotheses could act in concert with either costly signaling or cultural group selection to produce evolutionarily altruistic behaviors within denominations. Using a cultural phylogenetic analysis, I show that a large set of religious behaviors among extant Christian denominations supports the prediction of the recognition signal hypothesis that characters change more frequently near historical schisms. By incorporating demographic data into the model, I show that more-distinctive denominations, as measured through dissimilar characteristics, appear to be protected from intrusion by nonmembers in mixed-denomination households, and that they may be experiencing greater biological growth of their populations even in the present day.
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ALFARO JESSICAWLYNCH, SILVA JOSÉDESOUSAE, RYLANDS ANTHONYB. How Different Are Robust and Gracile Capuchin Monkeys? An Argument for the Use of Sapajus and Cebus. Am J Primatol 2012; 74:273-86. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Garber PA. Introduction to special issue on capuchin evolution: comparing behavior, morphology, and genetics across species. Am J Primatol 2012; 74:271-2. [PMID: 22311746 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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