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Hart EN, Palme R, Greenblatt N, Takeshita RSC. Hormonal changes in northern white-cheeked gibbons (Nomascus leucogenys) after the death of a group member. Primates 2024:10.1007/s10329-024-01145-5. [PMID: 39023722 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-024-01145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The small apes, gibbons and siamangs, are monogamous species with their social groups comprising of both parents and their offspring. Therefore, the loss of a member may elicit a stress response in the remaining members due to their strong bonds. Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been useful indicators of stress, but distinguishing between acute versus chronic stress may be limited when measuring these hormones alone. The adrenal hormone dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS), a GC antagonist, has been implicated in the regulation of the stress response. Thus, the concomitant measurement of these hormones can help examine whether an event, such as the loss of a group member, elicited a stress response. In this brief report, we discuss the hormonal response of two zoo-housed northern white-cheeked gibbons (Nomascus leucogenys) (1 adolescent male and his mother) after the death of the adult male of the group. Baseline fecal samples were collected opportunistically from these two individuals 5 months prior, and 3 months following the death of their group member. A total of 25 samples were quantified for fecal GC metabolites (FGCMs) and DHEAS by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to calculate the FGCMs:DHEAS ratio. Our results indicate an increase in FGCMs and FGCMs:DHEAS for the adolescent male, but not the adult female, following the death. Our findings suggest that the integration of FGCMs and DHEAS measurements can provide valuable information to interpret individual stress levels to the sudden change in the group's social structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilee N Hart
- Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, USA
| | - Rupert Palme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Craniodental Sexual Dimorphism Among Hylobatids. INT J PRIMATOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-021-00233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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Communication Network Reflects Social Instability in a Wild Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) Population. INT J PRIMATOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-021-00227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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Singletary B, Tecot S. Multimodal pair-bond maintenance: A review of signaling across modalities in pair-bonded nonhuman primates. Am J Primatol 2020; 82:e23105. [PMID: 32011759 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Only a handful of primate species exhibit the social relationship of pair-bonding. Efficient communication is critical for behavioral coordination within pair-bonds to maintain proximity and respond appropriately to extra-pair individuals, and possibly coordinate infant care. The use of complex signaling across modalities may help individuals improve communicative outcomes. We review many ways that pair-bonded species use signals to communicate and maintain bonds, though little previous research has taken a truly multimodal approach within a single species. We make a call for further investigation into pair-bonded communication using a multimodal approach to better understand how these species use all their senses to build, maintain, and advertise their bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stacey Tecot
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Laboratory for the Evolutionary Endocrinology of Primates, School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Hu N, Guan Z, Huang B, Ning W, He K, Fan P, Jiang X. Dispersal and female philopatry in a long-term, stable, polygynous gibbon population: Evidence from 16 years field observation and genetics. Am J Primatol 2018; 80:e22922. [PMID: 30281822 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gibbons are generally reported to live in small socially monogamous family groups in which both sexes disperse when they reach maturity. For the first time, we documented the dispersal pattern in a population of gibbons living in stable polygynous groups (Nomascus concolor) integrating 16 years' field observation and genetic information from fecal DNA. All subadult males except for one dispersed at 9.8 ± 1.4 years of age (range: 8-12, N = 10). The last male remained in his natal group and obtained the breeding position at age 11 by evicting the original dominant male. Females reached sexual maturity (as evidenced by the change in body color from black to yellow) at 8 years (N = 4). Three of them dispersed and one obtained a position as a breeding female and bred in her natal group. We also observed one female returning to her natal group with her infant after her presumed father was taken over by a neighboring male. We identified only three mtDNA haplotypes from 22 individuals at Dazhaizi. Individuals in one group shared the same haplotype, with only one exception. Genetic results showed that the two breeding females were mother-daughter pairs in all three study groups at the end of this study, implying some degree of female philopatry. We argue that in the case of black crested gibbons, dispersal decisions appear to represent highly opportunistic events in response to reproductive opportunities in their natal and neighboring groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiqing Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenhua Guan
- Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Bei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wenhe Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Kai He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Pengfei Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuelong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Lappan S, Andayani N, Kinnaird MF, Morino L, Nurcahyo A, O'Brien TG. Social polyandry among siamangs: the role of habitat quality. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Corley MK, Xia S, Fernandez-Duque E. The role of intragroup agonism in parent-offspring relationships and natal dispersal in monogamous owl monkeys (Aotus azarae) of Argentina. Am J Primatol 2017; 79. [PMID: 29034979 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Agonistic behaviors are common in many group-living taxa and may serve a variety of functions, ranging from regulating conflicts over reproduction to defending food resources. However, high rates of agonism are not expected to occur among close relatives or individuals in established mating relationships, which are characteristics of monogamous groups. To contribute to our understanding of agonism within socially monogamous groups, we collected behavioral and demographic data from Azara's owl monkeys (Aotus azarae) in the Gran Chaco of Argentina over 14 years. We examined factors related to age, sex, kinship, and behavioral context to evaluate predictions of the hypotheses that agonism functions to regulate dispersal and that it mediates competition for food and/or mates. Intragroup agonism was relatively rare: the group rate was approximately one event every three and a half hours. Rates of agonism were generally similar for both sexes, but there were marked differences among age categories. Agonism performed by adults was more frequently directed at subadults than at younger offspring. In contrast, agonistic interactions involving infants were very rare. Among interactions between adults and subadults, adults were much more frequently the actors than the recipients, suggesting that agonism from adults may influence natal dispersal of subadults. Agonistic events were most frequent during foraging, but also occurred more frequently than expected during bouts of social behavior. Overall, our results suggest that agonism in owl monkeys serves as a mechanism for regulating dispersal, and also likely plays a role in mediating mating and feeding competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret K Corley
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Siyang Xia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Eduardo Fernandez-Duque
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Formosa, Formosa, Argentina
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Lappan S, Sibarani M, Rustiati EL, Andayani N. Abrupt Decline in a Protected Population of Siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus) in Southern Sumatra. Folia Primatol (Basel) 2017; 88:255-266. [PMID: 28848177 DOI: 10.1159/000478776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Between 2011 and 2016, approximately 50% of siamangs in the Way Canguk Research Area disappeared, including members of 7 of 12 habituated groups. Demographic data from 1998 to 2015 confirm that the population decline in the habituated groups reflects a larger trend in the local population. There was no evidence of hunting of primates in the area, and ecological data do not suggest substantial changes in food availability or predation pressure during this period. From 2011 to 2014, we monitored the habituated groups only intermittently, and most deaths or disappearances were not observed. However, in 2014-2016, we monitored some groups more intensively, and observed 2 individuals with symptoms including whitened skin on the face, hands, and abdomen, hair loss, swelling of the face, frequent scratching, and lethargy. One affected individual disappeared days after this observation, while the other survived. The spatiotemporal pattern of disappearances in the habituated groups was consistent with that expected if the deaths resulted from disease transmission among neighbouring groups. Thus, the available evidence, while preliminary, suggests that a local disease epizootic may have been a factor driving the population decline. We recommend that researchers establish monitoring protocols to better understand primate disease epidemiology and to guide conservation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Lappan
- Department of Anthropology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
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Morino L, Borries C. Offspring loss after male change in wild siamangs: the importance of abrupt weaning and male care. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 162:180-185. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Morino
- Department of AnthropologyRutgers UniversityNew Brunswick NJ08901 USA
| | - Carola Borries
- Department of Anthropology and Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological SciencesStony Brook University, SUNYStony Brook NY11794 USA
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Díaz-Muñoz SL, Bales K. "Monogamy" in Primates: Variability, Trends, and Synthesis: Introduction to special issue on Primate Monogamy. Am J Primatol 2016; 78:283-7. [PMID: 26317875 PMCID: PMC5474116 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper is the introduction to a special issue on "'Monogamy' in Primates: Variability, Trends, and Synthesis." The term "monogamy" has undergone redefinition over the years, and is now generally understood to refer to certain social characteristics rather than to genetic monogamy. However, even the term "social monogamy" is used loosely to refer to species which exhibit a spectrum of social structures, mating patterns, and breeding systems. Papers in this volume address key issues including whether or not our definitions of monogamy should change in order to better represent the social and mating behaviors that characterize wild primates; whether or not primate groups traditionally considered monogamous are actually so (by any definition); ways in which captive studies can contribute to our understanding of monogamy; and what selective pressures might have driven the evolution of monogamous and non-monogamous single female breeding systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L. Díaz-Muñoz
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology and Department of Biology, 12 Waverly Place, New York University, New York, NY 10003 USA,
| | - Karen Bales
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology and Department of Biology, 12 Waverly Place, New York University, New York, NY 10003 USA,
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Díaz-Muñoz SL. Complex cooperative breeders: Using infant care costs to explain variability in callitrichine social and reproductive behavior. Am J Primatol 2015; 78:372-87. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L. Díaz-Muñoz
- Section of Ecology; Behavior and Evolution; University of California; San Diego California
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12
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Social correlates of androgen levels in a facultatively monogamous ape (Symphalangus syndactylus): a test of the challenge hypothesis. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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