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Nava A, Lugli F, Lemmers S, Cerrito P, Mahoney P, Bondioli L, Müller W. Reading children's teeth to reconstruct life history and the evolution of human cooperation and cognition: The role of dental enamel microstructure and chemistry. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 163:105745. [PMID: 38825260 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Studying infants in the past is crucial for understanding the evolution of human life history and the evolution of cooperation, cognition, and communication. An infant's growth, health, and mortality can provide information about the dynamics and structure of a population, their cultural practices, and the adaptive capacity of a community. Skeletal remains provide one way of accessing this information for humans recovered prior to the historical periods. Teeth in particular, are retrospective archives of information that can be accessed through morphological, micromorphological, and biogeochemical methods. This review discusses how the microanatomy and formation of teeth, and particularly enamel, serve as archives of somatic growth, stress, and the environment. Examining their role in the broader context of human evolution, we discuss dental biogeochemistry and emphasize how the incremental growth of tooth microstructure facilitates the reconstruction of temporal data related to health, diet, mobility, and stress in past societies. The review concludes by considering tooth microstructure as a biomarker and the potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Nava
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, via Caserta 6, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Federico Lugli
- Institut of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Isotope and Element Research Center (FIERCE), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Chemical and Geological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Giuseppe Campi, 103, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Simone Lemmers
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., AREA Science Park, s.s. 14 km 163,500, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola Cerrito
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Mahoney
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Giles Ln, Giles Ln, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, UK
| | - Luca Bondioli
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Padua, Piazza Capitaniato, 7, Padua 35139, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Müller
- Institut of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Isotope and Element Research Center (FIERCE), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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2
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Hu R, Du B, Zhao L. Retzius periodicity in the Late Miocene hominoid Lufengpithecus lufengensis from Southwest China: Implications for dental development and life history. J Hum Evol 2023; 181:103400. [PMID: 37307694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hu
- Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Baopu Du
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lingxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China.
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3
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Emken S, Witzel C, Kierdorf U, Frölich K, Kierdorf H. Wild boar versus domestic pig-Deciphering of crown growth in porcine second molars. J Anat 2023; 242:1078-1095. [PMID: 36774334 PMCID: PMC10184542 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the previously established periodicity of enamel growth marks, we reconstructed crown growth parameters of mandibular second molars from two wild boar and two domestic pigs of the Linderöd breed. Body weight gain and progression of dental development were markedly faster in the domestic pigs than the wild boar. While the final crown dimensions of the M2 did not differ between domestic pigs and wild boar, mean crown formation time (CFT) of this tooth was considerably shorter in the domestic pigs (162 days) than in the wild boar (205 days). The difference in CFT was mainly attributable to a higher enamel extension rate (EER) in the domestic pig. Generally, EER was highest in the cuspalmost deciles of the length of the enamel-dentine-junction and markedly dropped in cervical direction, with lowest values occurring in the cervicalmost decile. In consequence, the cuspal half of the M2 crown was formed about three times faster than the cervical half. In contrast to the EER, no marked difference in daily enamel secretion rate (DSR) was recorded between domestic pigs and wild boar. The duration of enamel matrix apposition as well as linear enamel thickness in corresponding crown portions was only slightly lower in the domestic pigs than the wild boar. Thus, the earlier completion of M2 crown growth in the domestic pig was mainly achieved by a higher EER and not by an increased DSR. The more rapid recruitment of secretory ameloblasts in the course of molar crown formation of domestic pigs compared to wild boar is considered a side-effect of the selection for rapid body growth during pig domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Emken
- Department of BiologyUniversity of HildesheimHildesheimGermany
| | - Carsten Witzel
- Department of BiologyUniversity of HildesheimHildesheimGermany
| | - Uwe Kierdorf
- Department of BiologyUniversity of HildesheimHildesheimGermany
| | - Kai Frölich
- Department of BiologyUniversity of HildesheimHildesheimGermany
- Tierpark Arche Warder e.VWarderGermany
| | - Horst Kierdorf
- Department of BiologyUniversity of HildesheimHildesheimGermany
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Rigby Dames BA, Kilili H, Charvet CJ, Díaz-Barba K, Proulx MJ, de Sousa AA, Urrutia AO. Evolutionary and genomic perspectives of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2023; 275:165-215. [PMID: 36841568 PMCID: PMC11191546 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This chapter utilizes genomic concepts and evolutionary perspectives to further understand the possible links between typical brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the two most prevalent of these: Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Aging is the major risk factor for these neurodegenerative diseases. Researching the evolutionary and molecular underpinnings of aging helps to reveal elements of the typical aging process that leave individuals more vulnerable to neurodegenerative pathologies. Very little is known about the prevalence and susceptibility of neurodegenerative diseases in nonhuman species, as only a few individuals have been observed with these neuropathologies. However, several studies have investigated the evolution of lifespan, which is closely connected with brain size in mammals, and insights can be drawn from these to enrich our understanding of neurodegeneration. This chapter explores the relationship between the typical aging process and the events in neurodegeneration. First, we examined how age-related processes can increase susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases. Second, we assessed to what extent neurodegeneration is an accelerated form of aging. We found that while at the phenotypic level both neurodegenerative diseases and the typical aging process share some characteristics, at the molecular level they show some distinctions in their profiles, such as variation in genes and gene expression. Furthermore, neurodegeneration of the brain is associated with an earlier onset of cellular, molecular, and structural age-related changes. In conclusion, a more integrative view of the aging process, both from a molecular and an evolutionary perspective, may increase our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brier A Rigby Dames
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
| | - Huseyin Kilili
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Christine J Charvet
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Karina Díaz-Barba
- Licenciatura en Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, CP62210, Cuernavaca, México; Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, CP04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Michael J Proulx
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Araxi O Urrutia
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom; Licenciatura en Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, CP62210, Cuernavaca, México; Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, CP04510, Ciudad de México, México.
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5
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Dental radiographic information of term newborn babies within the first month: Analyzing five radiographic cases along with physical attributes in Japan. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2023; 60:102171. [PMID: 36375422 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although dental radiography is a valuable tool for age estimation in forensic anthropology and odontology, very limited radiological data are available regarding tooth development in healthy newborn babies during the first month of life. AIM This study aimed to describe the radiological findings of tooth development in babies aged 0 days to 1 month. DESIGN We analyzed the postmortem findings of five newborn babies with no known natural cause of death who had undergone autopsy, computed tomography (CT), and dental radiography. We estimated the gestational age for the babies aged 0 days and analyzed the condition of mandibular symphysis, existence of tooth germs, and presence or absence of calcification of the first permanent molars of all the babies. RESULTS The calcified form of 20 deciduous teeth, tooth germs of the permanent upper and lower first molars, and non-calcified mandibular symphysis were observed in each case. However, calcification of the first permanent molar was observed in only two 1-month-old babies. CONCLUSION The dental radiographic findings and anthropometric measurements of non-skeletonized, non-mummified term babies confirmed calcification of all the deciduous teeth and the first permanent molar at the age of 0 days and 1 month, respectively.
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Teeth, prenatal growth rates, and the evolution of human-like pregnancy in later Homo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200689119. [PMID: 36191229 PMCID: PMC9564099 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200689119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence of how gestational parameters evolved is essential to understanding this fundamental stage of human life. Until now, these data seemed elusive given the skeletal bias of the fossil record. We demonstrate that dentition provides a window into the life of neonates. Teeth begin to form in utero and are intimately associated with gestational development. We measured the molar dentition for 608 catarrhine primates and collected data on prenatal growth rate (PGR) and endocranial volume (ECV) for 19 primate genera from the literature. We found that PGR and ECV are highly correlated (R2 = 0.93, P < 0.001). Additionally, we demonstrated that molar proportions are significantly correlated with PGR (P = 0.004) and log-transformed ECV (P = 0.001). From these correlations, we developed two methods for reconstructing PGR in the fossil record, one using ECV and one using molar proportions. Dental proportions reconstruct hominid ECV (R2 = 0.81, P < 0.001), a result that can be extrapolated to PGR. As teeth dominate fossil assemblages, our findings greatly expand our ability to investigate life history in the fossil record. Fossil ECVs and dental measurements from 13 hominid species both support significantly increasing PGR throughout the terminal Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene, reflecting known evolutionary changes. Together with pelvic and endocranial morphology, reconstructed PGRs indicate the need for increasing maternal energetics during pregnancy over the last 6 million years, reaching a human-like PGR (i.e., more similar to humans than to other extant apes) and ECV in later Homo less than 1 million years ago.
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7
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Gellis JJ, Foley RA. Patterns of variation in canal and root number in human post-canine teeth. J Anat 2022; 241:896-918. [PMID: 36082500 PMCID: PMC9482695 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Descriptive morphology of tooth roots traditionally focuses on number of canals and roots. However, how or if canal and root number are related is poorly understood. While it is often assumed that canal number is concomitant with root number and morphology, in practice canal number and morphology do not always covary with external root features. To investigate the relationship between canal and root number, fully developed, adult post‐canine teeth were examined and quantified from computerized tomography scans from a global sample of 945 modern humans. We tested the hypotheses that root and canal number do not follow a 1:1 ratio, that canal to root ratios differ between teeth, and that canal to root ratios differ across major human geographical groups. Results indicate that not only is root number dependent on canal number, but that this relationship becomes more variable as canal number increases, varies between individual teeth and by major geographical group, and changes as these groups increase in geographical distance from Sub‐Saharan Africa. These results show that the ratio of canal number to root number is an important indicator of variation in dental phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Gellis
- University of Cambridge Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert A Foley
- University of Cambridge Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Cambridge, UK
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8
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Baughan K, Balolia KL, Oxenham MF, Mcfadden C. Comparisons of Age-at-Death Distributions among Extinct Hominins and Extant Nonhuman Primates Indicate Normal Mortality. JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1086/720701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Baughan
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, and School of Geosciences, Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, 44 Linnaeus Way, Acton ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Katharine L. Balolia
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, and School of Geosciences, Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, 44 Linnaeus Way, Acton ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Marc F. Oxenham
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, and School of Geosciences, Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, 44 Linnaeus Way, Acton ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Clare Mcfadden
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, and School of Geosciences, Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, 44 Linnaeus Way, Acton ACT 2601, Australia
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9
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Interpopulational variation in human brain size: implications for hominin cognitive phylogeny. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/anre-2021-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Throughout the hominin lineage brain size is believed to have increased threefold – increase which, it is argued by some researchers, results in the enhanced brain power that distinguishes humans from any other living being. However, as we demonstrate in this article this supposed increase is the result of comparing the species mean of contemporary humans with other great apes and fossil hominins. This method obscures both interpopulational variation among modern humans, and the fact that the putative increases in the mean are the result of an increase in the upper limit in some populations, which has the result of obscuring the relative stasis in the lower limit over the last 600k years. For example, populations such as Aboriginal Australians have a range that is more different from Danes than it is from that of Asian H. erectus over the last 600ka. Yet Aboriginal Australians, whose unique anatomy seems to be related to the climatic conditions of Australia, possess all of the socio-cognitive traits characteristic of all other modern-day populations – yet they seemed not to have undergone increase in brain size to the degree that many other populations have. In this instance brain size seems to be unrelated to cognition. In this article we present a statistical analysis of interpopulational variation in contemporary humans and why such an analysis is crucial for our understanding of hominin cognitive, social and technological evolution. We also suggest how such variation may add to our understanding of hominin ontogeny or life history. Additionally, we develop a model based on humanity’s unique form of embodied social cognition that results from our upright bipedal posture and hand morphology. This model is then used to explain the results of our statistical analysis and the possible factors underpinning the human emergence.
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10
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Romero A, Pérez-Pérez A, Atiénzar GG, Martínez LM, Macho GA. Do rates of dental wear in extant African great apes inform the time of weaning? J Hum Evol 2021; 163:103126. [PMID: 34954400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reconstructing the life histories of extinct hominins remains one of the main foci of paleoanthropological inquiry, as an extended juvenile period impacts the social and cognitive development of species. However, the paucity of hominin remains, the lack of comparative hominoid data, and the destructive nature of many life history approaches have limited our understanding of the relationship between dental development (eruption) and weaning in primates. Alternatively, the rate of dental wear in early-forming teeth has been suggested a good proxy for the timing of weaning. Here we test this hypothesis on an ontogenetic series of Gorilla gorilla gorilla and Pan troglodytes troglodytes, using geographic information systems-based shape descriptors of M1s in relation to the nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) isotope composition of their associated hair. Results show that Gorilla g. gorilla are fully weaned considerably later than Pan t. troglodytes, that is, after M1s had been in full functional occlusion for some time. Yet, throughout ontogeny, gorilla dental wear rates are greater than they are in chimpanzees. This refutes the hypothesis that the rates of wear of early-forming teeth inform the time of weaning (i.e., nutritional independence). Instead, dietary breadth and seasonal variation in resource availability are implicated. This finding has implications for interpreting the hominin fossil record and raises questions about the triggers for, and the mechanisms of, life history change in hominin evolution. As a case in point, commonalities in life history patterns between early hominins and Western lowland gorillas seem to be a means to mitigate the effects of recurrent (i.e., seasonal) resource limitations and-conceivably-to prevent high infant mortality rates. Taken further, difference between hominid life histories are likely to be of degree, not kind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Romero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico (INAPH), Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Pérez
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Arqueologia de la Universitat de Barcelona (IAUB), 08001 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gabriel García Atiénzar
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico (INAPH), Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Laura M Martínez
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Arqueologia de la Universitat de Barcelona (IAUB), 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriele A Macho
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, OX1 3TG Oxford, UK; Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Birkbeck University of London, WC1E 7HX, UK.
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11
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Le Cabec A, Colard T, Charabidze D, Chaussain C, Di Carlo G, Gaudzinski-Windheuser S, Hublin JJ, Melis RT, Pioli L, Ramirez-Rozzi F, Mussi M. Insights into the palaeobiology of an early Homo infant: multidisciplinary investigation of the GAR IVE hemi-mandible, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23087. [PMID: 34845260 PMCID: PMC8630034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood is an ontogenetic stage unique to the modern human life history pattern. It enables the still dependent infants to achieve an extended rapid brain growth, slow somatic maturation, while benefitting from provisioning, transitional feeding, and protection from other group members. This tipping point in the evolution of human ontogeny likely emerged from early Homo. The GAR IVE hemi-mandible (1.8 Ma, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia) represents one of the rarely preserved early Homo infants (~ 3 years at death), recovered in a richly documented Oldowan archaeological context. Yet, based on the sole external inspection of its teeth, GAR IVE was diagnosed with a rare genetic disease-amelogenesis imperfecta (AI)-altering enamel. Since it may have impacted the child's survival, this diagnosis deserves deeper examination. Here, we reassess and refute this diagnosis and all associated interpretations, using an unprecedented multidisciplinary approach combining an in-depth analysis of GAR IVE (synchrotron imaging) and associated fauna. Some of the traits previously considered as diagnostic of AI can be better explained by normal growth or taphonomy, which calls for caution when diagnosing pathologies on fossils. We compare GAR IVE's dental development to other fossil hominins, and discuss the implications for the emergence of childhood in early Homo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Le Cabec
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR 5199, 33600, Pessac, France.
| | - Thomas Colard
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Department of Orthodontics, University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Damien Charabidze
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780UMR 8025, Centre d’Histoire Judiciaire, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602UR 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies. Dental School Université de Paris, AP-HP- Hôpital Bretonneau - Service Odontologie CRMR Métabolisme du Phosphore et du Calcium (OSCAR, ERN Bond), Paris, France
| | - Gabriele Di Carlo
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Unit of Pediatric Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser
- grid.461784.80000 0001 2181 3201MONREPOS Archaeological Research Centre and Museum for Human Behavioural Evolution, Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut Für Archäologie and Institute of Ancient Studies, Johannes Gutenberg–University Mainz, Schloss Monrepos, 56567 Neuwied, Germany
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- grid.419518.00000 0001 2159 1813Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rita T. Melis
- Italian Archaeological Mission at Melka Kunture and Balchit, Rome, Italy ,grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Dipartimento Di Scienze Chimiche E Geologiche, Università Degli Studi Di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Laura Pioli
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Dipartimento Di Scienze Chimiche E Geologiche, Università Degli Studi Di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Fernando Ramirez-Rozzi
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602UR 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies. Dental School Université de Paris, AP-HP- Hôpital Bretonneau - Service Odontologie CRMR Métabolisme du Phosphore et du Calcium (OSCAR, ERN Bond), Paris, France ,grid.420021.50000 0001 2153 6793UMR 7206 CNRS MNHN UP Ecoanthropologie Musée de l’Homme, Paris, France
| | - Margherita Mussi
- Italian Archaeological Mission at Melka Kunture and Balchit, Rome, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Antichità, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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12
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Mahoney P, McFarlane G, Smith BH, Miszkiewicz JJ, Cerrito P, Liversidge H, Mancini L, Dreossi D, Veneziano A, Bernardini F, Cristiani E, Behie A, Coppa A, Bondioli L, Frayer DW, Radovčić D, Nava A. Growth of Neanderthal infants from Krapina (120-130 ka), Croatia. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20212079. [PMID: 34814754 PMCID: PMC8611323 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern humans have a slow and extended period of childhood growth, but to what extent this ontogenetic pathway was present in Neanderthals is debated. Dental development, linked to the duration of somatic growth across modern primates, is the main source for information about growth and development in a variety of fossil primates, including humans. Studies of Neanderthal permanent teeth report a pace of development either similar to recent humans or relatively accelerated. Neanderthal milk teeth, which form and emerge before permanent teeth, provide an opportunity to determine which pattern was present at birth. Here we present a comparative study of the prenatal and early postnatal growth of five milk teeth from three Neanderthals (120 000-130 000 years ago) using virtual histology. Results reveal regions of their milk teeth formed quickly before birth and over a relatively short period of time after birth. Tooth emergence commenced towards the earliest end of the eruption schedules displayed by extant human children. Advanced dental development is consistent with expectations for Neanderthal infant feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mahoney
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Gina McFarlane
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - B. Holly Smith
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Museum of Anthropological Archaeology. The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justyna J. Miszkiewicz
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Paola Cerrito
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen Liversidge
- Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Turner Street, London
| | - Lucia Mancini
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Diego Dreossi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Alessio Veneziano
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Federico Bernardini
- Department of Humanistic Studies, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italy
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuela Cristiani
- Diet and ANcient TEchnology Laboratory, Department of Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Alison Behie
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Alfredo Coppa
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, 00185, Italy
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Bondioli
- Servizio di Bioarcheologia, Museo delle Civiltà, Rome, 00144, Italy
- Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università di Padova, Padua, 35139, Italy
- Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università di Bologna, Ravenna, 48100, Italy
| | - David W. Frayer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas, 622 Fraser Hall, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Davorka Radovčić
- Department of Geology and Paleontology, Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alessia Nava
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- Diet and ANcient TEchnology Laboratory, Department of Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
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13
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Bergmann I, Hublin JJ, Gunz P, Freidline SE. How did modern morphology evolve in the human mandible? The relationship between static adult allometry and mandibular variability in Homo sapiens. J Hum Evol 2021; 157:103026. [PMID: 34214909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Key to understanding human origins are early Homo sapiens fossils from Jebel Irhoud, as well as from the early Late Pleistocene sites Tabun, Border Cave, Klasies River Mouth, Skhul, and Qafzeh. While their upper facial shape falls within the recent human range of variation, their mandibles display a mosaic morphology. Here we quantify how mandibular shape covaries with mandible size and how static allometry differs between Neanderthals, early H. sapiens, and modern humans from the Upper Paleolithic/Later Stone Age and Holocene (= later H. sapiens). We use 3D (semi)landmark geometric morphometric methods to visualize allometric trends and to explore how gracilization affects the expression of diagnostic shape features. Early H. sapiens were highly variable in mandible size, exhibiting a unique allometric trajectory that explains aspects of their 'archaic' appearance. At the same time, early H. sapiens share a suite of diagnostic features with later H. sapiens that are not related to mandibular sizes, such as an incipient chin and an anteroposteriorly decreasing corpus height. The mandibular morphology, often referred to as 'modern', can partly be explained by gracilization owing to size reduction. Despite distinct static allometric shape changes in each group studied, bicondylar and bigonial breadth represent important structural constraints for the expression of shape features in most Middle to Late Pleistocene hominin mandibles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Bergmann
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Gunz
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah E Freidline
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Hu R, Zhao L. Molar crown formation times of fossil orangutan molars from Guangxi, China. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 174:315-326. [PMID: 33253429 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate molar enamel development in fossil orangutans from Guangxi and shed light on the evolution of Asian great apes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected 32 fossil orangutan molars, most of which were from Guangxi apothecaries and the Guangxi Daxin Heidong cave, and prepared histological sections of each molar. We then characterized aspects of dental development, including long period line periodicity, number of Retzius lines and lateral enamel formation time, cuspal enamel thickness, and enamel formation time. RESULTS The long period line periodicity in fossil orangutans ranged from 9 to 10 days (mean, 9.09 days). The molar lateral enamel formation time ranged from 1.48 to 3.17 years (540-1,152 days). Cuspal enamel thickness in fossil orangutan molars ranged from 949 to 2,535 μm, and cuspal enamel formation time ranged from 0.64 to 1.87 years. Molar enamel formation time of fossil orangutans ranged from 2.47 to 4.67 years. DISCUSSION Long-period line periodicity of fossil orangutans from Guangxi was within the variation range of extant orangutans, and the average long period line periodicity (9.09 days) of fossil orangutans from Guangxi in this study was lower than the values for extant orangutans (9.5 days) and fossil orangutans (10.9 days) from Sumatra and Vietnam. Orangutan enamel thickness may have gradually decreased from the Middle Pleistocene to Holocene. Crown formation time of fossil orangutans was slightly longer than that of extant orangutans, and the M1 emergence age of fossil orangutans from Guangxi was about 4-6 years. These findings might indicate the regional difference or evolutionary changes in orangutans since Pleistocene. Dental development of the Guangxi fossil orangutans were more similar to that of Asian Miocene apes, suggesting the closer evolutionary relationship of orangutans to Miocene Asian fossil apes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hu
- Institute of Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Ethology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingxia Zhao
- Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
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15
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Bolter DR, Cameron N. Utilizing auxology to understand ontogeny of extinct hominins: A case study on Homo naledi. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 173:368-380. [PMID: 32537780 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The methods used to study human growth and development (auxology) have not previously been applied within the setting of hominin maturation (ontogeny). Ontogeny is defined here as the pattern of biological change into an adult form, both at the individual and species level. The hominin fossil record has a lack of recovered immature materials, due to such factors as taphonomic processes that destroy pre-adults; the fragility of immature compared to adult bone; and the lower mortality rates of juveniles compared to adults. The recent discovery of pre-adult hominin skeletal material from a single, homogeneous Homo naledi species from the Rising Star cave system in South Africa provides the opportunity for a broader application of auxology methods and thus the need to understand their use in a modern context. Human auxology studies benefit from a robust database, across multiple populations, and with longitudinal studies in order to assess the patterns and variations in typical growth, development and life history stages. Here, we review the approach, vocabulary, and methods of these human studies, investigate commonalities in data with the fossil record, and then advance the reconstruction of ontogeny for the extinct hominin species H. naledi. To this end, we apply an auxology model into the paleontological context to broadly predict H. naledi birthweight of the offspring at 2.06 kg with a range (±1 SD) of 1.89 to 2.24 kg, with a length at birth 45.5 cm. We estimate a H. naledi juvenile partial skeleton DH7 to be a height of 111-125 cm at death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra R Bolter
- Department of Anthropology, Modesto Junior College, Modesto, California, USA
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Noel Cameron
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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16
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Chan S, Gomes A, Singh RS. Is menopause still evolving? Evidence from a longitudinal study of multiethnic populations and its relevance to women's health. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2020; 20:74. [PMID: 32307019 PMCID: PMC7168978 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-00932-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background To reflect on the impact of changing patterns of delayed marriage and reproduction and to seek evidence as to whether menopause is still evolving, characteristics of the menopause transition were investigated within and between ethnic populations in this study. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data on 747 middle-aged women obtained from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) from 1996 to 2008. The ethnic groups included: Afro-American, Chinese, Japanese, Caucasian, and Hispanic. Perimenopause age and duration, menopause age, and hormonal indicators of menopause were examined across five ethnicities. Results We found a similar window of menopause age within populations, but no significant difference in perimenopause and menopause age between populations. The rate of increase of follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone differed significantly in Hispanics and African-Americans during the menopause transition period. Conclusions The broad window of variation in age at menopause within the population and the absence of significant differences between populations, in combination with population variation in menopause symptoms, suggest that menopause is a relatively recently evolved and still evolving trait. Under the mate choice theory of menopause, menopause is the result of the accumulation of infertility mutations in older women due to men’s preference for younger mates. We propose a shifting mate choice-shifting menopause model which posits that, as the age of mate choice/marriage shifts to older ages, so will the age at menopause, and that menopause is a transient phase of female fertility; it can de-evolve, be delayed, if not disappear completely. Integrated longitudinal menopausal studies linked with genomics and hormonal studies on diverse ethnic populations can provide valuable information bearing on women’s health and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Chan
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alyssa Gomes
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Modesto-Mata M, Dean MC, Lacruz RS, Bromage TG, García-Campos C, Martínez de Pinillos M, Martín-Francés L, Martinón-Torres M, Carbonell E, Arsuaga JL, Bermúdez de Castro JM. Short and long period growth markers of enamel formation distinguish European Pleistocene hominins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4665. [PMID: 32170098 PMCID: PMC7069994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing dental development in fossil hominins is important for distinguishing between them and for establishing where and when the slow overall growth and development of modern humans appeared. Dental development of australopiths and early Homo was faster than modern humans. The Atapuerca fossils (Spain) fill a barely known gap in human evolution, spanning ~1.2 to ~0.4 million years (Ma), during which H. sapiens and Neandertal dental growth characteristics may have developed. We report here perikymata counts, perikymata distributions and periodicities of all teeth belonging to the TE9 level of Sima del Elefante, level TD6.2 of Gran Dolina (H. antecessor) and Sima de los Huesos. We found some components of dental growth in the Atapuerca fossils resembled more recent H. sapiens. Mosaic evolution of perikymata counts and distribution generate three distinct clusters: H. antecessor, Sima de los Huesos and H. sapiens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Modesto-Mata
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain. .,Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, WC1H 0BW, UK. .,Equipo Primeros Pobladores de Extremadura, Casa de Cultura Rodríguez Moñino, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - M Christopher Dean
- Centre for Human Evolution Research (CHER), Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Timothy G Bromage
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Cecilia García-Campos
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain.,Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, WC1H 0BW, UK
| | - Marina Martínez de Pinillos
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain
| | - Laura Martín-Francés
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain.,University of Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, PACE, UMR 5199 F_33615, Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - María Martinón-Torres
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain.,Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, WC1H 0BW, UK
| | - Eudald Carbonell
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades, Edifici W3, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Arsuaga
- Centro mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento humanos, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Bermúdez de Castro
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain.,Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, WC1H 0BW, UK
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18
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Betsinger TK, DeWitte SN, Justus HM, Agnew AM. Frailty, Survivorship, and Stress in Medieval Poland: A Comparison of Urban and Rural Populations. BIOARCHAEOLOGY AND SOCIAL THEORY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-53417-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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19
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Dittmar JM, Berger E, Zhan X, Mao R, Wang H, Yeh HY. Skeletal evidence for violent trauma from the bronze age Qijia culture (2,300-1,500 BCE), Gansu Province, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2019; 27:66-79. [PMID: 31606648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This research explores how social and environmental factors may have contributed to conflict during the early Bronze Age in Northwest China by analyzing violent trauma on human skeletal remains from a cemetery of the Qijia culture (2300-1500 BCE). The Qijia culture existed during a period of dramatic social, technological, and environmental change, though minimal research has been conducted on how these factors may have contributed to violence within the area of the Qijia and other contemporaneous material cultures. An osteological assessment was conducted on 361 individuals (n = 241 adults, n = 120 non-adults) that were excavated from the Mogou site, Lintan County, Gansu, China. Injuries indicative of violence, including sharp- and blunt-force trauma that was sustained ante- or peri-mortem, were identified, and the patterns of trauma were analysed. Violent injuries were found on 8.58% (n = 31/361) of individuals, primarily adult males. No evidence of trauma was found on infants or children. Cranial trauma was found on 11.8% (n = 23/195) of the adult individuals examined. Of these, 43.5% (n = 10/23) presented with severe peri-mortem craniofacial trauma. The high rate of perimortem injuries and their locations indicate lethal intent. This lethality, in addition to the fact that individuals with trauma were predominantly male, suggest intergroup violence such as raiding, warfare, or feuding. Both social and environmental factors may have contributed to this conflict in the TaoRiver Valley, though future systematic archaeological and paleoenvironmental data will be needed to disentangle the many potential causal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Dittmar
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3ER, UK
| | - Elizabeth Berger
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Riverside, 1334 Watkins Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521-0418
| | - Xiaoya Zhan
- School of Humanities, Nanyang Technological University, 48 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639818
| | - Ruilin Mao
- Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Yeh
- School of Humanities, Nanyang Technological University, 48 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639818.
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20
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Thomas F, Giraudeau M, Renaud F, Ujvari B, Roche B, Pujol P, Raymond M, Lemaitre JF, Alvergne A. Can postfertile life stages evolve as an anticancer mechanism? PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000565. [PMID: 31805037 PMCID: PMC6917346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Why a postfertile stage has evolved in females of some species has puzzled evolutionary biologists for over 50 years. We propose that existing adaptive explanations have underestimated in their formulation an important parameter operating both at the specific and the individual levels: the balance between cancer risks and cancer defenses. During their life, most multicellular organisms naturally accumulate oncogenic processes in their body. In parallel, reproduction, notably the pregnancy process in mammals, exacerbates the progression of existing tumors in females. When, for various ecological or evolutionary reasons, anticancer defenses are too weak, given cancer risk, older females could not pursue their reproduction without triggering fatal metastatic cancers, nor even maintain a normal reproductive physiology if the latter also promotes the growth of existing oncogenic processes, e.g., hormone-dependent malignancies. At least until stronger anticancer defenses are selected for in these species, females could achieve higher inclusive fitness by ceasing their reproduction and/or going through menopause (assuming that these traits are easier to select than anticancer defenses), thereby limiting the risk of premature death due to metastatic cancers. Because relatively few species experience such an evolutionary mismatch between anticancer defenses and cancer risks, the evolution of prolonged life after reproduction could also be a rare, potentially transient, anticancer adaptation in the animal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Thomas
- Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer/Centre de Recherches en Ecologie et Evolution de la Santé, Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherches pour le Développement 224-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Giraudeau
- Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer/Centre de Recherches en Ecologie et Evolution de la Santé, Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherches pour le Développement 224-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - François Renaud
- Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer/Centre de Recherches en Ecologie et Evolution de la Santé, Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherches pour le Développement 224-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Benjamin Roche
- Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer/Centre de Recherches en Ecologie et Evolution de la Santé, Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherches pour le Développement 224-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Unité mixte internationale de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique des Systèmes Complexes, Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherches pour le développement/Sorbonne Université, France
- Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Pascal Pujol
- Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer/Centre de Recherches en Ecologie et Evolution de la Santé, Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherches pour le Développement 224-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Raymond
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Lemaitre
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité mixte de recherche 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université Lyon 1 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexandra Alvergne
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Maximum length of deciduous dentition as an indicator of age during the first year of life: Methodological validation in a contemporary osteological collection. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 303:109928. [PMID: 31493659 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Out of all the available methods for estimating age at death from immature human skeletal remains, those based on odontometric variables of deciduous dentition have proved to be one of the most accurate. The development of odontometric methods has been improved through the creation of documented human osteological collections, allowing their validation in different populations. The present study aims to test the regression equations for age estimation proposed by Liversidge et al. 1993, Irurita Olivares et al. 2014, and Cardoso et al. 2019, on the basis of the maximum length of deciduous teeth in an Argentinian sample of 35 infants of known age at death. The results showed that the absolute mean difference between estimated and chronological age was 5.76±6.33 weeks for Liversidge's method, 5.71±6.41 weeks for Irurita Olivares's method, and 6.79±5.80 for Cardoso's method. It was also found that, for Liversidge's method, the canines provided the most accurate and the least biased estimations. For Irurita Olivares's method, mandibular anterior teeth were the most accurate, while the first mandibular molars offered the least biased estimations. For Cardoso's method, the canines presented the most accurate estimations, while the lateral incisors the least biased ones. Finally, 95% confidence intervals of estimated ages were calculated for each method, finding that Irurita Olivares's method provided the most reliable age estimations when using mandibular central incisors and mandibular first molars.
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22
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Mandibular ramus shape variation and ontogeny in Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis. J Hum Evol 2018; 121:55-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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23
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Guatelli-Steinberg D. Dental anthropology in the AJPA: Its roots and heights. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 165:879-892. [PMID: 29574842 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bogin B, Varea C, Hermanussen M, Scheffler C. Human life course biology: A centennial perspective of scholarship on the human pattern of physical growth and its place in human biocultural evolution. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 165:834-854. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry Bogin
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences; Loughborough University, LE11 3TU; UK
| | - Carlos Varea
- Department of Biology, Physical Anthropology Group; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | | | - Christiane Scheffler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology; University of Potsdam; Potsdam 14469 Germany
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25
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Ellison PT. The evolution of physical anthropology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 165:615-625. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. Ellison
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology; Peabody Museum, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue; Cambridge Massachusetts
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26
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Nacarino-Meneses C, Jordana X, Orlandi-Oliveras G, Köhler M. Reconstructing molar growth from enamel histology in extant and extinct Equus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15965. [PMID: 29162890 PMCID: PMC5698294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The way teeth grow is recorded in dental enamel as incremental marks. Detailed analysis of tooth growth is known to provide valuable insights into the growth and the pace of life of vertebrates. Here, we study the growth pattern of the first lower molar in several extant and extinct species of Equus and explore its relationship with life history events. Our histological analysis shows that enamel extends beyond the molar’s cervix in these mammals. We identified three different crown developmental stages (CDS) in the first lower molars of equids characterised by different growth rates and likely to be related to structural and ontogenetic modifications of the tooth. Enamel extension rate, which ranges from ≈400 μm/d at the beginning of crown development to rates of ≈30 μm/d near the root, and daily secretion rate (≈17 μm/d) have been shown to be very conservative within the genus. From our results, we also inferred data of molar wear rate for these equids that suggest higher wear rates at early ontogenetic stages (13 mm/y) than commonly assumed. The results obtained here provide a basis for future studies of equid dentition in different scientific areas, involving isotope, demographic and dietary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Nacarino-Meneses
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Jordana
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, BABVE department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Orlandi-Oliveras
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meike Köhler
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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Šešelj M. An analysis of dental development in Pleistocene Homo using skeletal growth and chronological age. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 163:531-541. [PMID: 28432824 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study takes a new approach to interpreting dental development in Pleistocene Homo in comparison with recent modern humans. As rates of dental development and skeletal growth are correlated given age in modern humans, using age and skeletal growth in tandem yields more accurate dental development estimates. Here, I apply these models to fossil Homo to obtain more individualized predictions and interpretations of their dental development relative to recent modern humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Proportional odds logistic regression models based on three recent modern human samples (N = 181) were used to predict permanent mandibular tooth development scores in five Pleistocene subadults: Homo erectus/ergaster, Neanderthals, and anatomically modern humans (AMHs). Explanatory variables include a skeletal growth indicator (i.e., diaphyseal femoral length), and chronological age. RESULTS AMHs Lagar Velho 1 and Qafzeh 10 share delayed incisor development, but exhibit considerable idiosyncratic variation within and across tooth types, relative to each other and to the reference samples. Neanderthals Dederiyeh 1 and Le Moustier 1 exhibit delayed incisor coupled with advanced molar development, but differences are reduced when femoral diaphysis length is considered. Dental development in KNM-WT 15,000 Homo erectus/ergaster, while advanced for his age, almost exactly matches the predictions once femoral length is included in the models. DISCUSSION This study provides a new interpretation of dental development in KNM-WT 15000 as primarily reflecting his faster rates of skeletal growth. While the two AMH specimens exhibit considerable individual variation, the Neanderthals exhibit delayed incisor development early and advanced molar development later in ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šešelj
- Department of Anthropology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 N Merion Ave, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
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Beaudet A, Dumoncel J, de Beer F, Duployer B, Durrleman S, Gilissen E, Hoffman J, Tenailleau C, Thackeray JF, Braga J. Morphoarchitectural variation in South African fossil cercopithecoid endocasts. J Hum Evol 2016; 101:65-78. [PMID: 27886811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the abundance of well-preserved crania and natural endocasts in the South African Plio-Pleistocene cercopithecoid record, which provide direct information relevant to the evolution of their endocranial characteristics, few studies have attempted to characterize patterns of external brain morphology in this highly successful primate Superfamily. The availability of non-destructive penetrating radiation imaging systems, together with recently developed computer-based analytical tools, allow for high resolution virtual imaging and modeling of the endocranial casts and thus disclose new perspectives in comparative paleoneurology. Here, we use X-ray microtomographic-based 3D virtual imaging and quantitative analyses to investigate the endocranial organization of 14 cercopithecoid specimens from the South African sites of Makapansgat, Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, and Taung. We present the first detailed comparative description of the external neuroanatomies that characterize these Plio-Pleistocene primates. Along with reconstruction of endocranial volumes, we combine a semi-automatic technique for extracting the neocortical sulcal pattern together with a landmark-free surface deformation method to investigate topographic differences in morphostructural organization. Besides providing and comparing for the first time endocranial volume estimates of extinct Plio-Pleistocene South African cercopithecoid taxa, we report additional information regarding the variation in the sulcal pattern of Theropithecus oswaldi subspecies, and notably of the central sulcus, and the neuroanatomical condition of the colobine taxon Cercopithecoides williamsi, suggested to be similar for some aspects to the papionin pattern, and discuss potential phylogenetic and taxonomic implications. Further research in virtual paleoneurology, applied to specimens from a wider geographic area, is needed to clarify the polarity, intensity, and timing of cortical surface evolution in cercopithecoid lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Beaudet
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, UMR 5288 CNRS-Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France.
| | - Jean Dumoncel
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, UMR 5288 CNRS-Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France; Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, UMR 5505 CNRS-Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Frikkie de Beer
- Radiation Science Department, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Pelindaba, North West Province, South Africa
| | - Benjamin Duployer
- Centre Inter-universitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux, UMR 5085 CNRS-Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Stanley Durrleman
- Aramis Team, INRIA Paris, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Gilissen
- Department of African Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium; Laboratory of Histology and Neuropathology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jakobus Hoffman
- Radiation Science Department, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Pelindaba, North West Province, South Africa
| | - Christophe Tenailleau
- Centre Inter-universitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux, UMR 5085 CNRS-Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - John Francis Thackeray
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - José Braga
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, UMR 5288 CNRS-Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France; Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
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Tallman M. Shape Ontogeny of the Distal Femur in the Hominidae with Implications for the Evolution of Bipedality. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148371. [PMID: 26886416 PMCID: PMC4757424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterochrony has been invoked to explain differences in the morphology of modern humans as compared to other great apes. The distal femur is one area where heterochrony has been hypothesized to explain morphological differentiation among Plio-Pleistocene hominins. This hypothesis is evaluated here using geometric morphometric data to describe the ontogenetic shape trajectories of extant hominine distal femora and place Plio-Pleistocene hominins within that context. Results of multivariate statistical analyses showed that in both Homo and Gorilla, the shape of the distal femur changes significantly over the course of development, whereas that of Pan changes very little. Development of the distal femur of Homo is characterized by an elongation of the condyles, and a greater degree of enlargement of the medial condyle relative to the lateral condyle, whereas Gorilla are characterized by a greater degree of enlargement of the lateral condyle, relative to the medial. Early Homo and Australopithecus africanus fossils fell on the modern human ontogenetic shape trajectory and were most similar to either adult or adolescent modern humans while specimens of Australopithecus afarensis were more similar to Gorilla/Pan. These results indicate that shape differences among the distal femora of Plio-Pleistocene hominins and humans cannot be accounted for by heterochrony alone; heterochrony could explain a transition from the distal femoral shape of early Homo/A. africanus to modern Homo, but not a transition from A. afarensis to Homo. That change could be the result of genetic or epigenetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Tallman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, United States of America
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An ontogenetic framework linking locomotion and trabecular bone architecture with applications for reconstructing hominin life history. J Hum Evol 2015; 81:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Quam R, Sanz M, Daura J, Robson Brown K, García-González R, Rodríguez L, Dawson H, Rodríguez RF, Gómez S, Villaescusa L, Rubio Á, Yagüe A, Ortega Martínez MC, Fullola JM, Zilhão J, Arsuaga JL. The Neandertals of northeastern Iberia: New remains from the Cova del Gegant (Sitges, Barcelona). J Hum Evol 2015; 81:13-28. [PMID: 25766902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Quam
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA; Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre la Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY 10024-5192, USA.
| | - Montserrat Sanz
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Daura
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kate Robson Brown
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, UK
| | - Rebeca García-González
- Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación, 09001 Burgos, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca s/n, 09002 Burgos, Spain
| | - Heidi Dawson
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, UK
| | - Rosa Flor Rodríguez
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Gómez
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Villaescusa
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Rubio
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain; Laboratorio de Antropología, Depto de Medicina Legal, Toxicología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Av de Madrid, 11, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Almudena Yagüe
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Cruz Ortega Martínez
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre la Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Fullola
- Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - João Zilhão
- Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Arsuaga
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre la Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Dental ontogeny in pliocene and early pleistocene hominins. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118118. [PMID: 25692765 PMCID: PMC4334485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, our understanding of the evolution of human growth and development derived from studies of fossil juveniles that employed extant populations for both age determination and comparison. This circular approach has led to considerable debate about the human-like and ape-like affinities of fossil hominins. Teeth are invaluable for understanding maturation as age at death can be directly assessed from dental microstructure, and dental development has been shown to correlate with life history across primates broadly. We employ non-destructive synchrotron imaging to characterize incremental development, molar emergence, and age at death in more than 20 Australopithecus anamensis, Australopithecus africanus, Paranthropus robustus and South African early Homo juveniles. Long-period line periodicities range from at least 6–12 days (possibly 5–13 days), and do not support the hypothesis that australopiths have lower mean values than extant or fossil Homo. Crown formation times of australopith and early Homo postcanine teeth fall below or at the low end of extant human values; Paranthropus robustus dentitions have the shortest formation times. Pliocene and early Pleistocene hominins show remarkable variation, and previous reports of age at death that employ a narrow range of estimated long-period line periodicities, cuspal enamel thicknesses, or initiation ages are likely to be in error. New chronological ages for SK 62 and StW 151 are several months younger than previous histological estimates, while Sts 24 is more than one year older. Extant human standards overestimate age at death in hominins predating Homo sapiens, and should not be applied to other fossil taxa. We urge caution when inferring life history as aspects of dental development in Pliocene and early Pleistocene fossils are distinct from modern humans and African apes, and recent work has challenged the predictive power of primate-wide associations between hominoid first molar emergence and certain life history variables.
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Jordana X, Marín-Moratalla N, Moncunill-Solé B, Köhler M. Ecological and life-history correlates of enamel growth in ruminants (Artiodactyla). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Jordana
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Nekane Marín-Moratalla
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Blanca Moncunill-Solé
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Meike Köhler
- ICREA at Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
- Departament d'Ecologia; Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 645 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
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Horvath JE, Ramachandran GL, Fedrigo O, Nielsen WJ, Babbitt CC, St Clair EM, Pfefferle LW, Jernvall J, Wray GA, Wall CE. Genetic comparisons yield insight into the evolution of enamel thickness during human evolution. J Hum Evol 2014; 73:75-87. [PMID: 24810709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Enamel thickness varies substantially among extant hominoids and is a key trait with significance for interpreting dietary adaptation, life history trajectory, and phylogenetic relationships. There is a strong link in humans between enamel formation and mutations in the exons of the four genes that code for the enamel matrix proteins and the associated protease. The evolution of thick enamel in humans may have included changes in the regulation of these genes during tooth development. The cis-regulatory region in the 5' flank (upstream non-coding region) of MMP20, which codes for enamelysin, the predominant protease active during enamel secretion, has previously been shown to be under strong positive selection in the lineages leading to both humans and chimpanzees. Here we examine evidence for positive selection in the 5' flank and 3' flank of AMELX, AMBN, ENAM, and MMP20. We contrast the human sequence changes with other hominoids (chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, gibbons) and rhesus macaques (outgroup), a sample comprising a range of enamel thickness. We find no evidence for positive selection in the protein-coding regions of any of these genes. In contrast, we find strong evidence for positive selection in the 5' flank region of MMP20 and ENAM along the lineage leading to humans, and in both the 5' flank and 3' flank regions of MMP20 along the lineage leading to chimpanzees. We also identify putative transcription factor binding sites overlapping some of the species-specific nucleotide sites and we refine which sections of the up- and downstream putative regulatory regions are most likely to harbor important changes. These non-coding changes and their potential for differential regulation by transcription factors known to regulate tooth development may offer insight into the mechanisms that allow for rapid evolutionary changes in enamel thickness across closely-related species, and contribute to our understanding of the enamel phenotype in hominoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Horvath
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Nature Research Center, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA; Department of Biology, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Olivier Fedrigo
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Courtney C Babbitt
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | | | - Jukka Jernvall
- Institute for Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gregory A Wray
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Christine E Wall
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Raichlen DA, Alexander GE. Exercise, APOE genotype, and the evolution of the human lifespan. Trends Neurosci 2014; 37:247-55. [PMID: 24690272 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Humans have exceptionally long lifespans compared with other mammals. However, our longevity evolved when our ancestors had two copies of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele, a genotype that leads to a high risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), cardiovascular disease, and increased mortality. How did human aging evolve within this genetic constraint? Drawing from neuroscience, anthropology, and brain-imaging research, we propose the hypothesis that the evolution of increased physical activity approximately 2 million years ago served to reduce the amyloid plaque and vascular burden of APOE ɛ4, relaxing genetic constraints on aging. This multidisciplinary approach links human evolution with health and provides a complementary perspective on aging and neurodegenerative disease that may help identify key mechanisms and targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Raichlen
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix AZ 85006, USA; Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721, USA
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Terhune CE, Robinson CA, Ritzman TB. Ontogenetic variation in the mandibular ramus of great apes and humans. J Morphol 2014; 275:661-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Terhune
- Department of Anthropology; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville Arkansas
| | - Chris A. Robinson
- Department of Biology; Bronx Community College, City University of New York; Bronx New York
| | - Terrence B. Ritzman
- Institute of Human Origins and School of Human Evolution and Social Change; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona
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Continuous dental eruption identifies Sts 5 as the developmentally oldest fossil hominin and informs the taxonomy of Australopithecus africanus. J Hum Evol 2013; 65:798-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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The evolution of premature reproductive senescence and menopause in human females : An evaluation of the "grandmother hypothesis". HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2013; 2:313-50. [PMID: 24222339 DOI: 10.1007/bf02692196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/1991] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive senescence in human females takes place long before other body functions senesce. This fact presents an evolutionary dilemma since continued reproduction should generally be favored by natural selection. Two commonly proposed hypotheses to account for human menopause are (a) a recent increase in the human lifespan and (b) a switch to investment in close kin rather than direct reproduction. No support is found for the proposition that human lifespans have only recently increased. Data from Ache hunter-gatherers are used to test the kin selection hypothesis. Ache data do not support the proposition that females can gain greater fitness benefits in old age by helping kin rather than continuing to reproduce. Nevertheless, one crucial parameter in the model, when adjusted to the highest value within the measured 95% confidence interval, would lead to the evolution of reproductive senescence at about 53 years of age. Further investigation is necessary to determine whether the kin selection hypothesis of menopause can account for its current maintenance in most populations.
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Terhune CE, Kimbel WH, Lockwood CA. Postnatal temporal bone ontogeny inPan,Gorilla, andHomo, and the implications for temporal bone ontogeny inAustralopithecus afarensis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 151:630-42. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Terhune
- Department of Community and Family Medicine; Duke University Medical Center; Durham; NC; 27710
| | - William H. Kimbel
- Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change; Arizona State University; Tempe; AZ; 85287-4101
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Morse PE, Daegling DJ, McGraw WS, Pampush JD. Dental wear among cercopithecid monkeys of the Taï forest, Côte d'Ivoire. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 150:655-65. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Morse
- Department of Anthropology; University of Florida; Gainesville; FL
| | | | - W. Scott McGraw
- Department of Anthropology; The Ohio State University; Columbus; OH
| | - James D. Pampush
- Department of Anthropology; University of Florida; Gainesville; FL
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Sakai T, Matsui M, Mikami A, Malkova L, Hamada Y, Tomonaga M, Suzuki J, Tanaka M, Miyabe-Nishiwaki T, Makishima H, Nakatsukasa M, Matsuzawa T. Developmental patterns of chimpanzee cerebral tissues provide important clues for understanding the remarkable enlargement of the human brain. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 280:20122398. [PMID: 23256194 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental prolongation is thought to contribute to the remarkable brain enlargement observed in modern humans (Homo sapiens). However, the developmental trajectories of cerebral tissues have not been explored in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), even though they are our closest living relatives. To address this lack of information, the development of cerebral tissues was tracked in growing chimpanzees during infancy and the juvenile stage, using three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging and compared with that of humans and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Overall, cerebral development in chimpanzees demonstrated less maturity and a more protracted course during prepuberty, as observed in humans but not in macaques. However, the rapid increase in cerebral total volume and proportional dynamic change in the cerebral tissue in humans during early infancy, when white matter volume increases dramatically, did not occur in chimpanzees. A dynamic reorganization of cerebral tissues of the brain during early infancy, driven mainly by enhancement of neuronal connectivity, is likely to have emerged in the human lineage after the split between humans and chimpanzees and to have promoted the increase in brain volume in humans. Our findings may lead to powerful insights into the ontogenetic mechanism underlying human brain enlargement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Sakai
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan.
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Middle childhood and modern human origins. HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2012; 22:249-80. [PMID: 22388876 DOI: 10.1007/s12110-011-9119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of modern human life history has involved substantial changes in the overall length of the subadult period, the introduction of a novel early childhood stage, and many changes in the initiation, termination, and character of the other stages. The fossil record is explored for evidence of this evolutionary process, with a special emphasis on middle childhood, which many argue is equivalent to the juvenile stage of African apes. Although the "juvenile" and "middle childhood" stages appear to be the same from a broad comparative perspective, in that they begin with the eruption of the first molar and the achievement of the majority of adult brain size and end with sexual maturity, the detailed differences in the expression of these two stages, and how they relate to the preceding and following stages, suggest that a distinction should be maintained between them to avoid blurring subtle, but important, differences.
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Lacruz RS, Ramirez Rozzi FV, Wood BA, Bromage TG. Brief Communication: Molar development and crown areas in earlyAustralopithecus. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 148:632-40. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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47
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Comparison of the endocranial ontogenies between chimpanzees and bonobos via temporal regression and spatiotemporal registration. J Hum Evol 2012; 62:74-88. [PMID: 22137587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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48
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Shackelford LL, Stinespring Harris AE, Konigsberg LW. Estimating the distribution of probable age-at-death from dental remains of immature human fossils. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 147:227-53. [PMID: 22190291 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In two historic longitudinal growth studies, Moorrees et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol 21 (1963) 99-108; J Dent Res 42 (1963) 1490-1502) presented the "mean attainment age" for stages of tooth development for 10 permanent tooth types and three deciduous tooth types. These findings were presented graphically to assess the rate of tooth formation in living children and to age immature skeletal remains. Despite being widely cited, these graphical data are difficult to implement because there are no accompanying numerical values for the parameters underlying the growth data. This analysis generates numerical parameters from the data reported by Moorrees et al. by digitizing 358 points from these tooth formation graphs using DataThief III, version 1.5. Following the original methods, the digitized points for each age transition were conception-corrected and converted to the logarithmic scale to determine a median attainment age for each dental formation stage. These values are subsequently used to estimate age-at-death distributions for immature individuals using a single tooth or multiple teeth, including estimates for 41 immature early modern humans and 25 immature Neandertals. Within-tooth variance is calculated for each age estimate based on a single tooth, and a between-tooth component of variance is calculated for age estimates based on two or more teeth to account for the increase in precision that comes from using additional teeth. Finally, we calculate the relative probability of observing a particular dental formation sequence given known-age reference information and demonstrate its value in estimating age for immature fossil specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Shackelford
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Hammond AS, Dumont ER, McCarthy RC. The effect of unerupted permanent tooth crowns on the distribution of masticatory stress in children. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29121. [PMID: 22195003 PMCID: PMC3237591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mothers wean their children from breast milk at an earlier developmental stage than do ape mothers, resulting in human children chewing solid and semi-solid foods using the deciduous dentition. Mechanical forces generated by chewing solid foods during the post-weaning period travel through not only the deciduous teeth, but also the enamel caps of the developing permanent teeth within the maxilla and mandible, which are not present in the adult face. The effects of mechanical stress propagating through these very stiff structures have yet to be examined. Based on a heuristic model, we predicted that the enamel of the embedded developing teeth would act to reduce stresses in the surrounding bony elements of the juvenile face. We tested this hypothesis by simulating occlusal loading in a finite element (FE) model of a child's cranium with a complete set of deciduous teeth and the first permanent molars embedded in the bony crypt in the maxilla. We modeled bone and enamel with appropriate material properties and assessed the effect of embedding high-stiffness enamel structures on stress distribution in the juvenile face. Against expectation, the presence of unerupted enamel caps does not affect the magnitude or location of stresses in the juvenile face. Our results do not support the hypothesis that the unerupted secondary teeth act to moderate stresses in the juvenile face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S Hammond
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.
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Gonzalez RA. Determination of sex from juvenile crania by means of discriminant function analysis. J Forensic Sci 2011; 57:24-34. [PMID: 21939443 DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study provides evidence of craniofacial growth variation between the sexes in juveniles of European descent. Data were collected from lateral cephalometric radiographs belonging to the Michigan Craniofacial Growth Study. The collection consists of longitudinal lateral radiographs that represent individuals 5-16 years of age. Each radiograph was manually traced on hyprint vellum from which eight craniometric points were identified. From these points, 20 craniofacial measurements were recorded and then analyzed by means of a canonical discriminant function analysis. Sex classification equations were then created by applying a backward stepwise procedure to the discriminant functions. The analysis demonstrates the presence of sexually dimorphic differences in craniofacial growth. The neurocranium is the most sexually dimorphic region of the juvenile craniofacial skeleton, until the onset of puberty. Size is the main source of variation with males having taller and longer heads than females. Overall, sex classification in the sample ranges from 78 to 89% accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Gonzalez
- Department of Anthropology, St. Lawrence University, Canton, NY 13617, USA.
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