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Godinho RM, Umbelino C, Valera AC, Carvalho AF, Bicho N, Cascalheira J, Gonçalves C, Smith P. Mandibular morphology and the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in Westernmost Iberia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16648. [PMID: 37789074 PMCID: PMC10547775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42846-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neolithic farming and animal husbandry were first developed in the Near East ~ 10,000 BCE and expanded westwards, reaching westernmost Iberia no later than 5500 BCE. It resulted in major social, cultural, economic and dietary changes. Yet, the impact of this change on human mandibular morphology in Iberia is yet to be assessed, which is regrettable because mandible form is impacted by population history and diet. In this study we used Mesolithic to Chalcolithic Iberian samples to examine the impact of this transition on mandibular morphology. We also compared these samples with a Southern Levantine Chalcolithic population to assess their relationship. Lastly, we assessed dental wear to determine if the morphological differences identified were related to the material properties of the diet. We found differences between samples in mandibular shape but not size, which we attribute to contrasting population histories between Mesolithic and later populations. Some differences in the severity of dental wear were also found between Mesolithic and later Iberian samples, and smaller between the Mesolithic Iberians and southern Levantines. Little relationship was found between wear magnitude and mandibular shape. Altogether, our results show that the Mesolithic-Neolithic Iberian transition resulted in a meaningful change in mandibular morphology, which was likely driven more by population history than by dietary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Miguel Godinho
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), Faculdade das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Umbelino
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), Faculdade das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Carlos Valera
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), Faculdade das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Era Arqueologia, S.A., Calçada de Santa Catarina, 9C, 1495-705, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - António Faustino Carvalho
- Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património (CEAACP), F.C.H.S., University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-117, Faro, Portugal
| | - Nuno Bicho
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), Faculdade das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - João Cascalheira
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), Faculdade das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Célia Gonçalves
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), Faculdade das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Patricia Smith
- Faculties of Medicine and Dental Medicine and National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Godinho RM, Umbelino C, Garcia S, Gonçalves C. Changes in dental wear magnitude in the last ∼8000 years in southwestern Iberia. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 147:105626. [PMID: 36701952 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines changes in dental wear magnitude in the past ∼8000 years, i.e., since Mesolithic until the 19th century, in southwestern Iberia. Thus, it encompasses the transition from hunting-gathering to agro-pastoralism, and then to the industrialization of food production and pre-processing. DESIGN Dental wear magnitude was scored in a total of 191 individuals and 1557 teeth from Mesolithic (individuals=56; teeth=643), Neolithic (individuals=35; teeth=169), Chalcolithic (individuals =35; teeth=221), Modern Age (individuals=17; teeth=209), and Late Modern Age (individuals=48; teeth=315) samples originating in southwestern Iberia (i.e., present central and southern Portugal) and according to the 8 levels ordinal scale of Smith (1984). RESULTS Results show a general trend for decreased wear magnitude in these two major transitions and during this timespan (although the hunting-gathering - agro-pastoralism transition had larger impact). The only meaningful differences in wear rate were found between the Late Modern Age and all remaining samples. CONCLUSION Dental wear generally decreased during this timespan (although wear magnitude was less impacted by the industrialization of food production and pre-processing). Our results are consistent with studies documenting skull morphological gracilization associated with reduced masticatory demands due to the adoption of softer diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Miguel Godinho
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), University of Algarve, Faculdade das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Umbelino
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), University of Algarve, Faculdade das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Garcia
- Centre for Public Administration and Public Policies, Institute of Social and Political Sciences, MUHNAC, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Almerindo Lessa, 1300-663 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Célia Gonçalves
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), University of Algarve, Faculdade das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Dental wear and oral pathology among sex determined Early Bronze-Age children from Franzhausen I, Lower Austria. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280769. [PMID: 36749757 PMCID: PMC9904482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The physical properties of diet and oral health throughout childhood play an important role in the development of human dentition, and differed greatly before the industrial revolution. In this study we examined dental wear and oral pathology in a sample of children from the Early Bronze-Age to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of childhood diet and related oral health. We explore cross-sectional age and sex-based variation of children in the sample. The analysis was carried out on the dentitions of 75 children, 978 teeth, excavated from the Early Bronze-Age cemetery Franzhausen I in Lower Austria. Presence of dental caries and calculus was recorded. Dental wear was measured using dentine exposure, occlusal topography, and dental microwear texture analysis. Sex determination was carried out using amelogenin peptide analysis. Caries were found in only 4 individuals (crude prevalence rate-5%, 95% CI 1% to 13%), affecting only 5 teeth (true prevalence rate-less than 1%). Dentine exposure was observed in over 70% of deciduous molars and dental wear measurements indicate a comparatively strong dental wear accumulation especially, among younger children, when compared to modern-day and later pre-industrial populations. Microwear textures presented a high complexity (Asfc > 2)/low anisotropy (epLsar < 1) profile, especially in older children. Differences between male and female children were not generally significant but increased dentine exposure was observed in the lower molars of younger female children. Our results suggest that the Early Bronze-Age children at Franzhausen I consumed a non-cariogenic diet, more abrasive and inclusive of harder/polyhedral foodstuffs than present-day children and some later Medieval children. Differences in dental wear accumulation were observed between children within the population, but with minimal variation between the sexes mostly occurring among younger children.
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Godinho RM, Gonçalves C. Testing the reliability of CT scan-based dental wear magnitude scoring. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 176:521-527. [PMID: 34297351 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Digital models are now frequently used in biological anthropology (bioanthropology) research. Despite several studies validating this type of research, none has examined if the assessment of dental wear magnitude based on Computerized Tomography (CT) scans is reliable. Thus, this study aims to fill this gap and assess if dental wear magnitude scoring based on CT scans provides results consistent with scoring based on direct observation of the physical specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dental wear magnitude from 412 teeth of 35 mandibles originating from the Portuguese Muge and Sado Mesolithic shell-middens was scored. The mandibles were also CT scanned and visualized using 3D Slicer. CT scan-based scoring of dental wear magnitude was then undertaken. Two scoring rounds were undertaken for each observation method (totaling four scoring rounds) and an intra-observer error test was performed. The averaged results of the two observation methods were compared via boxplots with paired cases. RESULTS Intra-observer error was negligible and non-significant. Scoring results are comparable between the two observation methods. Notwithstanding, some differences were found, in which CT scan assessment generally overestimates dental wear when compared to direct observation. DISCUSSION Our results generally validate the use of CT scans in studies of dental wear magnitude. Notwithstanding several caveats relating to CT scanning and visualization limitations should be considered to avoid over or under-estimation of dental wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Miguel Godinho
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArHEB), Faculdade das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, Campus Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Célia Gonçalves
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArHEB), Faculdade das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, Campus Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
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Bas M, Waltenberger L, Kurzmann C, Heimel P, Rebay‐Salisbury K, Kanz F. Quantification of dental macrowear using 3D occlusal surface topographic measurements in deciduous and permanent molars of children. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 175:701-711. [PMID: 33942282 PMCID: PMC8360031 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Childhood paleodietary reconstruction via dental macrowear analysis is limited in part by available methods to measure dental macrowear. We describe a method to quantify dental macrowear progression (in both deciduous and permanent molars) using a handheld intraoral scanner and two 3D occlusal topographic measurements. We assess the agreement of our macrowear proxies with an established qualitative wear scoring system and their relationship to age. MATERIAL AND METHODS We scanned 92 well-preserved dentitions of immature individuals from the medieval cemetery of St. Pölten in Lower Austria using an intraoral scanner. Two measurements were made on the resulting mesh files-the relative flat surface area in % of the occlusal surface (RFSA%) and the mesial interior slope angle. We estimated the technical error of measurement (TEM). Comparisons were made with the macrowear scoring system-tooth wear index. RESULTS We found that TEM for both measurements was between 1 and 3%, except the interobserver TEM of RFSA% which was above 5%. Both quantitative measurements generally agree with the established qualitative scores and correlate with age; however, RFSA% does not reliably indicate the progression of macrowear for teeth after dentine exposure occurs. DISCUSSION The proposed 3D topographic measurements can be made reliably, and within a certain range of wear provide good quantitative proxies of the progression of dental macrowear. Such measurements constitute a promising approach for improving dental macrowear analysis in contexts such as childhood paleodietary reconstruction, which benefit from additional precision in wear rate estimation and present less dentine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Bas
- Unit of Forensic AnthropologyMedical University of Vienna, Centre for Forensic MedicineViennaAustria
- Austrian Archaeological InstituteAustrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Lukas Waltenberger
- Austrian Archaeological InstituteAustrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Christoph Kurzmann
- Spezialambulanz Digitale Zahnheilkunde (Special Clinic for Digital Dentistry)Medical University of Vienna, University Clinic of DentistryViennaAustria
| | - Patrick Heimel
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard tissue and Biomaterial ResearchMedical University of Vienna, University Clinic of DentistryViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical TraumatologyViennaAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | | | - Fabian Kanz
- Unit of Forensic AnthropologyMedical University of Vienna, Centre for Forensic MedicineViennaAustria
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Dediu D, Moisik SR, Baetsen WA, Bosman AM, Waters-Rist AL. The vocal tract as a time machine: inferences about past speech and language from the anatomy of the speech organs. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200192. [PMID: 33745306 PMCID: PMC8059537 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While speech and language do not fossilize, they still leave traces that can be extracted and interpreted. Here, we suggest that the shape of the hard structures of the vocal tract may also allow inferences about the speech of long-gone humans. These build on recent experimental and modelling studies, showing that there is extensive variation between individuals in the precise shape of the vocal tract, and that this variation affects speech and language. In particular, we show that detailed anatomical information concerning two components of the vocal tract (the lower jaw and the hard palate) can be extracted and digitized from the osteological remains of three historical populations from The Netherlands, and can be used to conduct three-dimensional biomechanical simulations of vowel production. We could recover the signatures of inter-individual variation between these vowels, in acoustics and articulation. While 'proof-of-concept', this study suggests that older and less well-preserved remains could be used to draw inferences about historic and prehistoric languages. Moreover, it forces us to clarify the meaning and use of the uniformitarian principle in linguistics, and to consider the wider context of language use, including the anatomy, physiology and cognition of the speakers. This article is part of the theme issue 'Reconstructing prehistoric languages'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dediu
- Laboratoire Dynamique De Langage (DDL) UMR 5596, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Scott R. Moisik
- Division of Linguistics and Multilingual Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - W. A. Baetsen
- RAAP Archeologisch Adviesbureau b.v., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Abel Marinus Bosman
- DFG Center for Advanced Studies ‘Words, Bones, Genes, Tools: Tracking Linguistic, Cultural, and Biological Trajectories of the Human Past’, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- IDDS Groep b.v., Noordwijk, The Netherlands
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Lagan EM, Ehrlich DE. An improved method for measuring molar wear. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 174:832-838. [PMID: 33522597 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Standard methods of recording occlusal dental wear are problematic in that they either do not allow for individual variation of wear or are not designed to allow for comparisons of wear patterns. In this article, we (a) present a novel method for recording and analyzing molar wear, and (b) evaluate this method in light of existing methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-two lower mandibular first molars from two regions (medieval Denmark, prehistoric Ohio Valley) were used to assess the method for replicability (intra and inter observer error) and accuracy (comparison to established methods of recording wear). Wear scores were recorded using the MolWear Android App (Beta) by both authors, and established methods of Smith and Scott by the first author. Intraobserver and interobserver error and comparison of the three methods were compared using Spearman's correlation coefficients. RESULTS The MolWear method presented high intraobserver (r = 0.985, p < 0.01) and interobserver (r = 0.978, p < 0.01) repeatability. Compared to other methods, the method was strongly correlated with Smith (r = 0.962, p < 0.01) and Smith (r = 0.891, p < 0.01). DISCUSSION The new MolWear method provides an improved way of measuring occlusal molar wear. This method bridges the gaps between established methods, performing comparatively while capturing more information about the distribution of wear in addition to the extent of wear. This method should be used for research comparing interpopulation or intrapopulation quantity of dental wear. While designed for a bioarchaeological population, this method could extend to any Y5 molar including nonhuman primates and hominins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Lagan
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel E Ehrlich
- Institute of Social Research and Data Innovation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
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8
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Chipping and wear patterns in extant primate and fossil hominin molars: 'Functional' cusps are associated with extensive wear but low levels of fracture. J Hum Evol 2020; 151:102923. [PMID: 33360110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Schuh A, Gunz P, Villa C, Kupczik K, Hublin JJ, Freidline SE. Intraspecific variability in human maxillary bone modeling patterns during ontogeny. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 173:655-670. [PMID: 33029815 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compares the ontogenetic bone modeling patterns of the maxilla to the related morphological changes in three human populations to better understand how morphological variability within a species is established during ontogeny at both micro- and macroscopic levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS The maxillary bones of an ontogenetic sample of 145 subadult and adult individuals from Greenland (Inuit), Western Europe (France, Germany, and Portugal), and South Africa (Khoekhoe and San) were analyzed. Bone formation and resorption were quantified using histological methods to visualize the bone modeling patterns. In parallel, semilandmark geometric morphometric techniques were used on 3D models of the same individuals to capture the morphological changes. Multivariate statistics were applied and shape differences between age groups were visualized through heat maps. RESULTS The three populations show differences in the degree of shape change acquired during ontogeny, leading to divergences in the developmental trajectories. Only subtle population differences in the bone modeling patterns were found, which were maintained throughout ontogeny. Bone resorption in adults mirrors the pattern found in subadults, but is expressed at lower intensities. DISCUSSION Our data demonstrate that maxillary morphological differences observed in three geographically distinct human populations are also reflected at the microscopic scale. However, we suggest that these differences are mostly driven by changes in rates and timings of the cellular activities, as only slight discrepancies in the location of bone resorption could be observed. The shared general bone modeling pattern is likely characteristic of all Homo sapiens, and can be observed throughout ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schuh
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Gunz
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chiara Villa
- Laboratory of Advanced Imaging and 3D modelling, Section of Forensic Pathology, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kornelius Kupczik
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah E Freidline
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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Gagnon CM. Exploring oral paleopathology in the Central Andes: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2020; 29:24-34. [PMID: 31711738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This targeted review of oral paleopathology in the Central Andes explores research that focuses on a set of interrelated, multifactorial processes: dental caries, macrowear, alveolar abscess, antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), periodontal disease, and the presence of dental calculus. These conditions help characterize oral health because they result from the culturally mediated interaction of individuals' oral cavity with their external environment. To better understand how osteologists working in the Central Andes have interpreted the frequencies of these conditions, I review the etiology of each, as well as discuss the important issues in their analyses. I then highlight studies that integrate of a number of oral paleopathological conditions, that examine associations between oral conditions and other skeletal indicators of health, or that use multivariate statistical techniques to analyze conditions. In the Central Andes, these proxies for oral health have generally focused on several key research themes including the introduction of domesticated foods may have occurred earlier than expected, but that populations may have maintained mixed subsistence strategies for a significant period. Researchers have also identified that changes accompanying Inca imperialism were likely not as detrimental to local populations as was Spanish colonialism. Finally, the long-practiced, culturally important, activity of chewing coca has been shown to create an identifiable pattern of oral paleopathological conditions.
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Blasi DE, Moran S, Moisik SR, Widmer P, Dediu D, Bickel B. Human sound systems are shaped by post-Neolithic changes in bite configuration. Science 2019; 363:363/6432/eaav3218. [PMID: 30872490 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav3218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Linguistic diversity, now and in the past, is widely regarded to be independent of biological changes that took place after the emergence of Homo sapiens We show converging evidence from paleoanthropology, speech biomechanics, ethnography, and historical linguistics that labiodental sounds (such as "f" and "v") were innovated after the Neolithic. Changes in diet attributable to food-processing technologies modified the human bite from an edge-to-edge configuration to one that preserves adolescent overbite and overjet into adulthood. This change favored the emergence and maintenance of labiodentals. Our findings suggest that language is shaped not only by the contingencies of its history, but also by culturally induced changes in human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Blasi
- Department of Comparative Linguistics, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland. .,Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Human Relations Area Files, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.,Laboratory of Quantitative Linguistics, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia
| | - S Moran
- Department of Comparative Linguistics, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S R Moisik
- Division of Linguistics and Multilingual Studies, Nanyang Technological University, 637332 Singapore
| | - P Widmer
- Department of Comparative Linguistics, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Dediu
- Laboratoire Dynamique Du Langage UMR 5596, Université Lumière Lyon 2, 69363 Lyon Cedex 07, France.,Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - B Bickel
- Department of Comparative Linguistics, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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Boren S, Slice D, Thomas G. Morphometric analysis of shape differences in Windover and Point Hope archaic human mandibles. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 168:119-130. [PMID: 30341944 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The mandible can provide valuable information on both the life history and genetic makeup of Archaic human populations. The following analysis tests two hypotheses: (a) that there are significant differences in morphology in mandibular shape between the genders amongst Archaic North American Homo sapiens and (b) that there is a significant difference in variance in mandibular shape between Archaic Windover and Point Hope. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample made from mandible specimens taken from both populations is subjected to Principal Component Analyses (PCA). The component scores from the PCAs are subjected to both a Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (mancova) and a general Multivariate Analysis of Variance (manova) to determine whether significant differences in variance exist between the sexes and the populations. RESULTS The mancova found that there are no significant interactions between the PC scores in population, sex, or size. Significant differences in variance were found between males and females and between the Windover and Point Hope populations. CONCLUSIONS Differences in variance observed between the populations are suspected to be due to differences in subsistence strategies and possibly non-masticatory utilizations of teeth. Differences in variance between the genders are suspected to be genetic in origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Boren
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Dennis Slice
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Geoffrey Thomas
- Department of Anthropology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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13
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Lozano M, Estalrrich A, Bondioli L, Fiore I, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Arsuaga JL, Carbonell E, Rosas A, Frayer DW. Right-handed fossil humans. Evol Anthropol 2017; 26:313-324. [DOI: 10.1002/evan.21554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lozano
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES) and University Rovira i Virgili (URV); Tarragona Spain
| | - Almudena Estalrrich
- Paleoanthropology Group at the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Luca Bondioli
- Sezione di Bioarchaeologia at the Museo delle Civiltà, Servizio di Bioarcheologia; Rome Italy
| | - Ivana Fiore
- Museo delle Civiltà, Servizio di Bioarcheologia; Rome Italy
| | - José-Maria Bermúdez de Castro
- Paleobiology of Hominins Program at the Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH); Burgos Spain
| | - Juan Luis Arsuaga
- University Complutense de Madrid and Centro UCM-ISCIII of Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos; Madrid Spain
| | - Eudald Carbonell
- University Rovira i Virgili (URV) and Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES); Tarragona Spain
| | - Antonio Rosas
- Department of Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Group at the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - David W. Frayer
- Department of Anthropology; University of Kansas; Lawrence KS
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Ibrová A, Dupej J, Stránská P, Velemínský P, Poláček L, Velemínská J. Facial skeleton asymmetry and its relationship to mastication in the Early Medieval period (Great Moravian Empire, Mikulčice, 9th–10th century). Arch Oral Biol 2017; 84:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Coupal I, Sołtysiak A. Dental erosion in archaeological human remains: A critical review of literature and proposal of a differential diagnosis protocol. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 84:50-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Watson JT, Haas R. Dental evidence for wild tuber processing among Titicaca Basin foragers 7000 ybp. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 164:117-130. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James T. Watson
- Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona 85721
- School of Anthropology; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona 85721
| | - Randall Haas
- Department of Anthropology; University of California; Davis California 95616
- Collasuyo Archaeological Research Institute; Puno Peru
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17
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Littleton J. Dental wear and age grading at Roonka, South Australia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 163:519-530. [PMID: 28374451 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In many hunter-gatherer populations, the teeth are used as a third hand or a tool. Much attention has been paid to wear and its relationship to gendered division of labor, but age is also a significant organizing factor in many societies. In this article, I analyze whether the pattern of wear at Roonka, Australia, reflects the age-graded acquisition of tasks. MATERIALS AND METHODS The remains analyzed come from Roonka and date from c6000 BP to 150 BP. In total 126 adults and juveniles were analyzed. Wear gradients were calculated for each tooth relative to wear on the first molar. Data were compared using nonparametric statistics and cluster analysis to assess the degree of patterning within the sample. RESULTS Dental wear proceeded rapidly. There is no evidence of sex differences in the pattern of wear. Age differences do occur. While disproportionate anterior wear occurs among juveniles and young adults, by middle adulthood the pattern is less variable and involves the premolars. Old adults have a much flatter pattern of wear. DISCUSSION The pattern of wear is consistent with ethnographic observations, which suggest a degree of latitude in the activities of juveniles and young adults. By middle age variability between individuals declines reflecting shared tasks and more intensive use of the teeth. The pattern of wear amongst old adults, however, is much flatter presumably due to changes in occlusion. While dental wear is informative about the organization of labor there is a need to take into account both patterns of activity and occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Littleton
- Department of Anthropology, University of Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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18
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Oxilia G, Fiorillo F, Boschin F, Boaretto E, Apicella SA, Matteucci C, Panetta D, Pistocchi R, Guerrini F, Margherita C, Andretta M, Sorrentino R, Boschian G, Arrighi S, Dori I, Mancuso G, Crezzini J, Riga A, Serrangeli MC, Vazzana A, Salvadori PA, Vandini M, Tozzi C, Moroni A, Feeney RNM, Willman JC, Moggi-Cecchi J, Benazzi S. The dawn of dentistry in the late upper Paleolithic: An early case of pathological intervention at Riparo Fredian. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 163:446-461. [PMID: 28345756 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early evidence for the treatment of dental pathology is found primarily among food-producing societies associated with high levels of oral pathology. However, some Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers show extensive oral pathology, suggesting that experimentation with therapeutic dental interventions may have greater antiquity. Here, we report the second earliest probable evidence for dentistry in a Late Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherer recovered from Riparo Fredian (Tuscany, Italy). MATERIALS AND METHODS The Fredian 5 human consists of an associated maxillary anterior dentition with antemortem exposure of both upper first incisor (I1 ) pulp chambers. The pulp chambers present probable antemortem modifications that warrant in-depth analyses and direct dating. Scanning electron microscopy, microCT and residue analyses were used to investigate the purported modifications of external and internal surfaces of each I1 . RESULTS The direct date places Fredian 5 between 13,000 and 12,740 calendar years ago. Both pulp chambers were circumferentially enlarged prior to the death of this individual. Occlusal dentine flaking on the margin of the cavities and striations on their internal aspects suggest anthropic manipulation. Residue analyses revealed a conglomerate of bitumen, vegetal fibers, and probable hairs adherent to the internal walls of the cavities. DISCUSSION The results are consistent with tool-assisted manipulation to remove necrotic or infected pulp in vivo and the subsequent use of a composite, organic filling. Fredian 5 confirms the practice of dentistry-specifically, a pathology-induced intervention-among Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers. As such, it appears that fundamental perceptions of biomedical knowledge and practice were in place long before the socioeconomic changes associated with the transition to food production in the Neolithic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Oxilia
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via del Proconsolo, 12, Firenze, 50122, Italy.,Department of Cultural Heritage, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Flavia Fiorillo
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Conservation Science Laboratory for Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Francesco Boschin
- Study Centre for the Quaternary Period (CeSQ), Via Nuova dell'Ammazzatoio 7, Sansepolcro, Arezzo, I-52037, Italy.,Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Research Unit in Prehistory and Anthropology, Via Laterina 8, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Salvatore A Apicella
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Conservation Science Laboratory for Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Chiara Matteucci
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Conservation Science Laboratory for Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Daniele Panetta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, Ravenna, 48123, Italy
| | - Franca Guerrini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, Ravenna, 48123, Italy
| | - Cristiana Margherita
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Massimo Andretta
- School of Science, University of Bologna, Via dell'Agricoltura 5, Ravenna, 48123, Italy
| | - Rita Sorrentino
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy.,Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences - BiGeA University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Boschian
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via Derna 1, Pisa, 56125, Italy
| | - Simona Arrighi
- Study Centre for the Quaternary Period (CeSQ), Via Nuova dell'Ammazzatoio 7, Sansepolcro, Arezzo, I-52037, Italy.,Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Research Unit in Prehistory and Anthropology, Via Laterina 8, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Irene Dori
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via del Proconsolo, 12, Firenze, 50122, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancuso
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Jacopo Crezzini
- Study Centre for the Quaternary Period (CeSQ), Via Nuova dell'Ammazzatoio 7, Sansepolcro, Arezzo, I-52037, Italy.,Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Research Unit in Prehistory and Anthropology, Via Laterina 8, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Riga
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via del Proconsolo, 12, Firenze, 50122, Italy
| | - Maria C Serrangeli
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Antonino Vazzana
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Piero A Salvadori
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Mariangela Vandini
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Conservation Science Laboratory for Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Carlo Tozzi
- Department of Civilisations and Forms of Knowledge, University of Pisa, Via Pasquale Paoli, 15, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Adriana Moroni
- Study Centre for the Quaternary Period (CeSQ), Via Nuova dell'Ammazzatoio 7, Sansepolcro, Arezzo, I-52037, Italy.,Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Research Unit in Prehistory and Anthropology, Via Laterina 8, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Robin N M Feeney
- UCD School of Medicine, Health Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John C Willman
- Department of Anthropology, Campus Box 1114, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63130
| | - Jacopo Moggi-Cecchi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via del Proconsolo, 12, Firenze, 50122, Italy
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy.,Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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19
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Crittenden AN, Sorrentino J, Moonie SA, Peterson M, Mabulla A, Ungar PS. Oral health in transition: The Hadza foragers of Tanzania. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172197. [PMID: 28296885 PMCID: PMC5351833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional wisdom holds that a decline in oral health accompanies the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture, given increased consumption of carbohydrates. This widely touted example of the mismatch between our biology and modern lifestyle has been intuited largely from the bioarchaeological record of the Neolithic Revolution in the New World. Recent studies of other populations have, however, challenged the universality of this assertion. Here, we present the first comprehensive study of oral health among a living population in transition from the bush to village life, the Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania, to test the hypothesis that the shift from foraging to farming, or agricultural intensification, inevitably leads to increased periodontal disease, caries, and orthodontic disorders. Our results showed that women living in villages consuming a mostly agricultural diet exhibited more caries and periodontal disease than those living in the bush consuming a mostly wild-food diet. Furthermore, men living in the bush consuming mostly a wild-food diet had more than those living in the village consuming a mostly agricultural diet. These findings are explained by the high incidence of maize consumption in village settings, along with previously recognized variation in rate of caries between men and women. The unexpected discovery of high caries incidences for men in the bush is likely explained by heavy reliance on honey, and perhaps differential access to tobacco and marijuana. These data support the notions that mechanisms of cariogenesis are multifactorial and that the relationships between oral health and the shift from a predominantly wild-food diet to one dominated by cultigens are nuanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa N. Crittenden
- Metabolism, Anthropometry, and Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America
| | - John Sorrentino
- D.M.D. Family and Cosmetic Dentistry, New York, United States of America
| | - Sheniz A. Moonie
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America
| | | | - Audax Mabulla
- Department of Archaeology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Peter S. Ungar
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Radini A, Nikita E, Buckley S, Copeland L, Hardy K. Beyond food: The multiple pathways for inclusion of materials into ancient dental calculus. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 162 Suppl 63:71-83. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Efthymia Nikita
- Science and Technology in Archaeology Research Centre, The Cyprus InstituteNicosia Cyprus
| | | | - Les Copeland
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SydneyNSW 2006 Australia
| | - Karen Hardy
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23. 08010 Barcelona
- Departament de Prehistòria, UAB, Campus UAB. 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès
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21
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Grimoud AM, Gibbon VE. Dental wear quantity and direction in Chalcolithic and Medieval populations from southwest France. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2017; 68:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Oliveira RE, Neves WA. Oral health in prehistoric San Pedro de Atacama oases, Northern Chile. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2015; 66:492-507. [PMID: 26253130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
After almost 2000 years of local development, including limited trading with neighboring ethnic groups, the societies that occupied the oases of San Pedro de Atacama, Northern Chile, became part of the trade web of the Tiwanaku empire, between 500 and 1000 CE. Archaeological evidence tends to support the idea that the period under the influence of the altiplano (high plane) empire was very affluent. Here we investigate the possibility that this affluence had a positive impact on the health status of the Atacameneans, using the oral health as an indirect indicator of quality of life. Dental decay, dental abscess, dental wear, linear enamel hypoplasia, periodontal disease and dental calculus were analyzed on 371 skeletons from 12 sites from San Pedro de Atacama oases. We believe that if, indeed, there were better biological conditions during the altiplano influence, this could have been caused by the access to a more diversified food intake promoted by the intensification of the trading network established by Tiwanaku in the central-south Andes, of which San Pedro de Atacama became an important node.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Oliveira
- Laboratório de Estudos Evolutivos Humanos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, sala 218, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - W A Neves
- Laboratório de Estudos Evolutivos Humanos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, sala 218, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Sarig R, Hershkovitz I, Shpack N, May H, Vardimon AD. Rate and pattern of interproximal dental attrition. Eur J Oral Sci 2015; 123:276-81. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sarig
- Department of Orthodontics; The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
- Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory; The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History and National Research Center; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Israel Hershkovitz
- Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory; The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History and National Research Center; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel-Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Nir Shpack
- Department of Orthodontics; The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Hila May
- Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory; The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History and National Research Center; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel-Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Alexander D. Vardimon
- Department of Orthodontics; The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
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24
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Górka K, Romero A, Pérez-Pérez A. First molar size and wear within and among modern hunter-gatherers and agricultural populations. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2015; 66:299-315. [PMID: 26032341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Apart from reflecting modern human dental variation, differences in dental size among populations provide a means for studying continuous evolutionary processes and their mechanisms. Dental wear, on the other hand, has been widely used to infer dietary adaptations and variability among or within diverse ancient human populations. Few such studies have focused on modern foragers and farmers, however, and diverse methods have been used. This research aimed to apply a single, standardized, and systematic quantitative procedure to measure dental size and dentin exposure in order to analyze differences among several hunter-gatherer and agricultural populations from various environments and geographic origins. In particular, we focused on sexual dimorphism and intergroup differences in the upper and lower first molars. Results indicated no sexual dimorphism in molar size and wear within the studied populations. Despite the great ethnographic variation in subsistence strategies among these populations, our findings suggest that differences in sexual division of labor do not affect dietary wear patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Górka
- Secció Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Departament de Biotecnología, Facultat de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03690, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Pérez
- Secció Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
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25
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Le Luyer M, Rottier S, Bayle P. Brief communication: Comparative patterns of enamel thickness topography and oblique molar wear in two early neolithic and medieval population samples. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 155:162-72. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Le Luyer
- Université de Bordeaux; CNRS, MCC, UMR 5199 PACEA, Équipe A3P, Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire; CS 50023 33615 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Stéphane Rottier
- Université de Bordeaux; CNRS, MCC, UMR 5199 PACEA, Équipe A3P, Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire; CS 50023 33615 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Priscilla Bayle
- Université de Bordeaux; CNRS, MCC, UMR 5199 PACEA, Équipe A3P, Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire; CS 50023 33615 Pessac Cedex France
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26
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Griffin MC. Biocultural implications of oral pathology in an ancient Central California population. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 154:171-88. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Griffin
- Department of Anthropology; San Francisco State University; 1600 Holloway Avenue San Francisco CA 94132
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27
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LUNA LEANDROH, ARANDA CLAUDIAM. Trends in oral pathology of hunter-gatherers from Western Pampas, Argentina. ANTHROPOL SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.140511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LEANDRO H. LUNA
- CONICET, Museo Etnográfico J.B. Ambrosetti, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires
| | - CLAUDIA M. ARANDA
- Museo Etnográfico J.B. Ambrosetti, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires
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28
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Clement AF, Hillson SW. Intrapopulation variation in macro tooth wear patterns-a case study from Igloolik, Canada. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 149:517-24. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Sex Differences in Hadza Dental Wear Patterns. HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2012; 23:270-82. [PMID: 22752874 DOI: 10.1007/s12110-012-9145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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30
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Hubbe M, Torres-Rouff C, Neves WA, King LM, Da-Gloria P, Costa MA. Dental health in Northern Chile's Atacama oases: evaluating the Middle Horizon (AD 500-1000) impact on local diet. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 148:62-72. [PMID: 22411074 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As one of the few areas apt for horticulture in Northern Chile's arid landscape, the prehistory of the Atacama oases is deeply enmeshed with that of the inter-regional networks that promoted societal development in the south central Andes. During the Middle Horizon (AD 500-1000), local populations experienced a cultural apex associated with a substantial increase in inter-regional interaction, population density, and quantity and quality of mortuary assemblages. Here, we test if this cultural peak affected dietary practices equally among the distinct local groups of this period. We examine caries prevalence and the degree of occlusal wear in four series recovered from three cemeteries. Our results show a reduction in the prevalence of caries for males among an elite subsample from Solcor 3 and the later Coyo 3 cemeteries. Dental wear tends to increase over time with the Late Middle Horizon/Late Intermediate Period cemetery of Quitor 6 showing a higher average degree of wear. When considered in concert with archaeological information, we concluded that the Middle Horizon was marked by dietary variability wherein some populations were able to obtain better access to protein sources (e.g., camelid meat). Not all members of Atacameño society benefited from this, as we note that this dietary change only affected men. Our results suggest that the benefits brought to the San Pedro oases during the Middle Horizon were not equally distributed among local groups and that social status, relationship to the Tiwanaku polity, and interment in particular cemeteries affected dietary composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hubbe
- Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo, Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile.
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31
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d’Incau E, Couture C, Maureille B. Human tooth wear in the past and the present: Tribological mechanisms, scoring systems, dental and skeletal compensations. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:214-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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32
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Ungar PS. Dental evidence for the diets of Plio-Pleistocene hominins. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 146 Suppl 53:47-62. [PMID: 22101687 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Diet is fundamental to the interaction between an organism and its environment, and is therefore an important key to understanding ecology and evolution. It should come as no surprise then that paleoanthropologists have put a great deal of effort into reconstructing the diets of Plio-Pleistocene hominins. Most of this effort has focused on teeth; these durable parts of the digestive system are usually the most commonly preserved elements in vertebrate fossil assemblages. In this article, I review much of this work. Tooth size, occlusal morphology, enamel thickness, and microstructure provide evidence for the physical properties of the foods to which a species was adapted. Dental microwear can offer insights into the properties of foods that an individual ate on a day-to-day basis. Taken together, these lines of evidence can offer important insights into early hominin food choices and adaptations. New methods of analysis and theoretical perspectives are improving our understanding of the diets of Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and early Homo, and promise further progress long into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Ungar
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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Jungers WL, Kaifu Y. On dental wear, dental work, and oral health in the type specimen (LB1) of Homo floresiensis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 145:282-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Fujita H, Ogura M. Degree of Dental Attrition with Sex and Aging among Jomon and Edo People in Japan. J Oral Biosci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1349-0079(09)80025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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