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Sikdar A, Mushrif-Tripathy V. A comparative study of robusticity indices of long bones among hunter-gatherers and early agro-pastoral groups of India. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 182:93-108. [PMID: 37283202 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diaphyseal robusticity and cross-sectional shapes of the bone tissues are influenced by mechanical loading history. It changes according to work demand on the body. It is the objective of this study to identify the shifts in the modes of subsistence, activities and mobility patterns through the comparison of the shape and strength of bone diaphyses among the Mesolithic, Chalcolithic and Harappan populations of India. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the analysis, 7 sites including 2 from Mesolithic (8000-4000 bc), 2 from Chalcolithic (2000-700 bc) and 3 from Harappan (3500-1800 bc) contexts are considered. The ratio obtained from the maximum length of the bones to their girth (at 50% or 35% from the distal end) and that from anterior-posterior and medio-lateral diameters were calculated (following Martin and Saller codes, 1957) to understand certain functional adaptations and stress markers on preserved long bones. Independent-sample T-tests and ANOVA were applied to detect mean differences of statistical significance within and between cultures. RESULTS The robusticity indices obtained from the humeri increase from the hunting-gathering phase (M/F; 19.39/18.45) to the Chalcolithic phase (M/F; 21.99/19.39) showing a slight drop in the Harappan phase (M/F; 18.58/18.37). The right humeri of Mesolithic females show a directional asymmetry of length (4.08%-5.13%) while that in males reach up to 26.09% indicating right-dominant lateralization. In the Harappan phase, females show a greater value for the right ranging from 0.31% to 3.07%. The femoral robusticity of females increases from 11.42 in hunting-gathering societies to 13.28 in Harappan times while mid-shaft of the Mesolithic population clearly shows greater loading along the anterior-posterior (A-P) plane as the index in most cases exceeds 100. There are significant differences among males and females within each group in terms of the indices but significant differences could be discerned between the Mesolithic, Chalcolithic and Harappan populations in case of tibiae, radii and ulnae only. CONCLUSION The occupation patterns certainly changed as humans became a food-producer from a hunter-gatherer. Occupations involving the extensive flexion and extension of upper limbs in the Chalcolithic period increase particularly in the Harappan phase. Sedentism gave rise to roundness of the femur and reduced the magnitude of lateralization. While equal level of mobility can be traced in case of both the sexes before the advent of agriculture, this distinction increases between the males and females in the agro-pastoral phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Sikdar
- Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Deccan College Post Graduate and Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Veena Mushrif-Tripathy
- Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Deccan College Post Graduate and Research Institute, Pune, India
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Hagihara Y. Dorso-palmar elongation of the diaphysis of the third metacarpal bone in prehistoric Jomon people. Anat Sci Int 2020; 96:119-131. [PMID: 32920735 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-020-00570-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated cross-sectional morphological differences in the diaphysis of the third metacarpal bone (MC3) between prehistoric Jomon hunter-gatherers and modern Japanese people. Overall, 179 skeletal remains of 119 individuals (73 men and 46 women) from the Middle-to-Final Jomon period (3500 BC-500 BC) and 60 modern Japanese people (35 men and 25 women) were included in the analysis. Analyses were performed at the mid-shaft of the MC3 using linear measurement, elliptic Fourier analysis, and cross-sectional geometric properties. The standardized polar section modulus (ZpSTD) indicated sexual differences in both populations. The right MC3 was generally stronger than the left side. There was no populational difference in the ZpSTD in both sexes. In both men and women, the cross-sectional shape of the MC3 was relatively larger in the dorso-palmar direction than in the radioulnar direction in the Jomon population compared to the modern Japanese population. Sexual differences in cross-sectional shape were recognized only in the Jomon population, with the dorso-palmar elongation being greater in Jomon men than in women (particularly when comparing the left MC3). There was a significant side difference in the diaphyseal shape among Jomon women, with the right MC3 being relatively larger in the dorso-palmar direction. These findings were consistent, although skeletal remains of the Jomon population were excavated from different regions. Differences in the diaphyseal cross-sectional shape between populations suggest differences in habitual loading on MC3 associated with differences in subsistence behavior. Furthermore, differences in diaphyseal shape and strength between Jomon men and women suggest sexual division of labor, with men performing bimanual tasks and women performing unimanual tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Hagihara
- Department of Medical Technology, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.
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Hill EC, Pearson OM, Durband AC, Walshe K, Carlson KJ, Grine FE. An examination of the cross‐sectional geometrical properties of the long bone diaphyses of Holocene foragers from Roonka, South Australia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 172:682-697. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan C. Hill
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico
| | - Osbjorn M. Pearson
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico
| | - Arthur C. Durband
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social WorkTexas Tech University Lubbock Texas
| | - Keryn Walshe
- College of Humanities, Flinders University Bedford Park Australia
| | - Kristian J. Carlson
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles California
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Frederick E. Grine
- Departmentof Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook New York
- Departmentof Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook New York
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Asymmetry patterns are associated with body size and somatic robustness among adult !Kung San and Kavango people. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/anre-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetry of bilateral anatomical structures is widely found in nature. Fluctuating asymmetry, i.e. mostly tiny random deviations from perfect symmetry in bilateral structures, is mainly interpreted within the framework of developmental instability. This interpretation is mainly due to the fact, that higher fluctuating asymmetry is often found in association with various pathological conditions but also from increased stress during somatic development. Directional asymmetry, in contrast, describes a distinct pattern of bilateral variation in a group of individuals, characterized by the tendency to find the larger side mainly at the same side for all individuals. This kind of asymmetry is mostly caused by behavioral lateralization. Somatic stress during development affect not only asymmetry patterns, it is has also an adverse effect on somatic growth. Therefore, the present study tested the hypothesis, that increased asymmetry is associated with decreased body height as well as postcranial length and robustness dimensions. The association patterns between fluctuating as well as directional asymmetry and parameters of somatic growth and robustness are analyzed among 236 !Kung San and 248 Kavango people of Namibia between the ages of 18 and 65 years. Fluctuating asymmetry was determined by ear length and ear breadth. Directional asymmetry was determined by hand length and hand breadth dimensions. Fluctuating as well as directional asymmetry correlated significantly negatively with body height and length dimensions, the correlations however, were weak. The results are interpreted as a corroboration of the theory that developmental stress may increase fluctuating asymmetry but on the other hand may decrease body size.
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Hoover KC, Berbesque JC. Early Holocene morphological variation in hunter-gatherer hands and feet. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5564. [PMID: 30202658 PMCID: PMC6129140 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Windover mortuary pond dates to the Early Archaic period (6,800–5,200 years ago) and constitutes one of the earliest archaeological sites with intact and well-preserved human remains in North America. Unlike many prehistoric egalitarian hunter-gatherers, the Windover people may not have practiced a sex-based division of labor; rather, they may have shared the load. We explore how mobility and subsistence, as reconstructed from archaeological data, influenced hand and foot bone morphology at Windover. Methods We took length and width measurements on four carpal bones, four tarsal bones, and load-bearing tarsal areas (calcaneus load arm, trochlea of the talus). We analyzed lateralization using side differences in raw length and width measurements. For other hypothesis testing, we used log transformed length-width ratios to mitigate the confounding effects of sexual dimorphism and trait size variation; we tested between-sex differences in weight-bearing (rear foot) and shock-absorbing (mid foot) tarsal bones and between-sex differences in carpal bones. Results We identified no significant between-sex differences in rear and midfoot areas, suggesting similar biomechanical stresses. We identified no significant between-sex differences in carpal bones but the test was under-powered due to small sample sizes. Finally, despite widespread behavioral evidence on contemporary populations for human hand and foot lateralization, we found no evidence of either handedness or footedness. Discussion The lack evidence for footedness was expected due its minimal impact on walking gait but the lack of evidence for handedness was surprising given that ethnographic studies have shown strong handedness in hunter-gatherers during tool and goods manufacture. The reconstructed activity patterns suggested both sexes engaged in heavy load carrying and a shared division of labor. Our results support previous findings—both sexes had stronger weight-bearing bones. Male shock-absorbing bones exhibited a trend towards greater relative width (suggesting greater comparative biomechanical stress) than females which may reflect the typical pattern of male hunter-gatherers engaging in walking greater distances at higher speeds than females. While there were no significant between-sex differences in carpal bones (supporting a shared work load model), females exhibited greater variation in index values, which may reflect a greater variety of and specialization in tasks compared to males. Because carpals and tarsals are so well-preserved at archaeological sites, we had surmised they might be useful proxies for activity in the absence of well-preserved long bones. Tarsals provide a stronger signal of past activity and may be useful in the absence of, or in addition to, preferred bones. Carpals, however, may not be useful as the effect size of biomechanical stress (in this study at least) is low and would require larger samples than may be possible at archaeological sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara C Hoover
- Department of Anthropology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, United States of America
| | - J Colette Berbesque
- Centre for Research in Evolutionary, Social and Inter-Disciplinary Anthropology, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
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Miller MJ, Agarwal SC, Aristizabal L, Langebaek C. The daily grind: Sex- and age-related activity patterns inferred from cross-sectional geometry of long bones in a pre-Columbian muisca population from Tibanica, Colombia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 167:311-326. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J. Miller
- Department of Anatomy; University of Otago; Dunedin Otago 9016 New Zealand
- Department of Anthropology; University of California; Berkeley California
| | - Sabrina C. Agarwal
- Department of Anthropology; University of California; Berkeley California
| | | | - Carl Langebaek
- Department of Antropología; Universidad de los Andes; Bogotá Colombia
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Perchalski B, Placke A, Sukhdeo SM, Shaw CN, Gosman JH, Raichlen DA, Ryan TM. Asymmetry in the Cortical and Trabecular Bone of the Human Humerus During Development. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1012-1025. [PMID: 29055969 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have noted that the bones of the human upper limb display bilateral asymmetry, commonly linking this asymmetry in external and internal morphology to handedness and lateralization. Few studies, however, have attempted to track asymmetry throughout ontogeny. This study assesses the ontogenetic development of cortical and trabecular bone asymmetry in the humerus. We predict that directional asymmetry in structural properties will emerge in concert with hand preference and increased activity levels during the juvenile period. Paired humeri from 57 individuals from the Norris Farms #36 archaeological skeletal collection ranging in age from neonate to adult were used in the current study. Cortical bone cross-sectional properties and three-dimensional trabecular bone structure were quantified from microcomputed tomography data. The results indicate significant absolute asymmetry in all measured cortical and trabecular bone variables across all ages. Trabecular bone displays significantly higher absolute asymmetry than cortical bone. Contrary to expectations, however, this study found very little evidence for significant directional asymmetry in humeral length and cortical or trabecular bone variables, except in adults. The presence of significant absolute asymmetry in all age groups, and the lack of significant directional asymmetry in almost all variables at all ages, suggests that structural differences due to higher levels of habitual loading in the dominant arm are overlain on a template of potentially significant existing asymmetry. Anat Rec, 301:1012-1025, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Perchalski
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Arielle Placke
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Simone M Sukhdeo
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Colin N Shaw
- Phenotypic Adaptability, Variation and Evolution Research Group, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James H Gosman
- Department of Anthropology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Timothy M Ryan
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,Center for Quantitative Imaging, EMS Energy Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Weiss E. Biological distance at the Ryan Mound site. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 165:554-564. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hagihara Y, Nara T. The characteristic mid-shaft cross-sectional shape of the ulna in Jomon hunter-gatherers. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 164:598-608. [PMID: 28832931 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Jomon people were hunter-gatherers who inhabited the Japanese archipelago between 10,000 BC and 300 BC. Here, we focus on the mid-shaft cross-sectional shape of the ulna in the Jomon population and compare it with modern Japanese people. MATERIALS AND METHODS Jomon specimens, including 32 males and 22 females, were excavated from shell mound sites in the Pacific and Seto inland coastal area of Honshu island in the Japanese archipelago dated to the Late-to-Final Jomon phase (between 2,000 BC and 300 BC). Mid-shaft ulna cross-sectional shapes were compared with modern Japanese specimens (25 males, 21 females) using standard linear measurements and elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA). Differences from both sides of this element were compared using predicted handedness. RESULTS Linear measurements and EFA results show that ulna shape of both sexes within the Jomon population are relatively larger in the antero-posterior direction and have more developed posterior borders than modern Japanese males and females. No significant differences were observed between Jomon sexes based on the predicted dominant side, but differences were evident in the predicted nondominant side. At the same time, bilateral differences were recognized in Jomon females, because of a lower level of posterior border development in the predicted nondominant side compared to the dominant side. DISCUSSION Shape differences between Jomon people and modern Japanese can be explained by variation in the habitual loading of the ulna. Sexual dimorphism in ulna shape within the Jomon population suggests division of labor differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Hagihara
- Department of Medical Technology, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Kita-ku, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Nara
- Department of Medical Technology, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Kita-ku, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
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Androgen Levels and Body Size Are Associated with Directional as Well as Fluctuating Asymmetry Patterns in Adult !Kung San and Kavango Males from Northern Namibia. Symmetry (Basel) 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/sym9050072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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PÉREZ-CRIADO LAURA, ROSAS ANTONIO, BASTIR MARKUS, PASTOR JUANFRANCISCO. Humeral laterality in modern humans and Neanderthals: a 3D geometric morphometric analysis. ANTHROPOL SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.170610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LAURA PÉREZ-CRIADO
- Group of Paleoanthropology, Department of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales–CSIC, Madrid
| | - ANTONIO ROSAS
- Group of Paleoanthropology, Department of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales–CSIC, Madrid
| | - MARKUS BASTIR
- Group of Paleoanthropology, Department of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales–CSIC, Madrid
| | - JUAN FRANCISCO PASTOR
- Museo Anatómico, Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid
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Kirchengast S. Directional and fluctuating asymmetry among !Kung San and Kavango people of Northern Namibia: The impact of sex and subsistence patterns. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 29. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kubicka AM, Lubiatowski P, Długosz JD, Romanowski L, Piontek J. Directional asymmetry of upper limbs in a medieval population from Poland: A combination of linear and geometric morphometrics. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 28:817-824. [PMID: 27238388 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Degrees of upper-limb bilateral asymmetry reflect habitual behavior and activity levels throughout life in human populations. The shoulder joint facilitates a wide range of combined motions due to the simultaneous motion of all three bones: clavicle, scapula, and humerus. Accordingly, we used three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to analyze shape differences in the glenoid cavity and linear morphometrics to obtain the degree of directional asymmetry in a medieval population. METHODS To calculate directional asymmetry, clavicles, humeri, and scapulae from 100 individuals (50 females, 50 males) were measured. Landmarks and semilandmarks were placed within a three-dimensional reconstruction of the glenoid cavity for analysis of shape differences between sides of the body within sexes. RESULTS Linear morphometrics showed significant directional asymmetry in both sexes in all bones. Geometric morphometrics revealed significant shape differences of the glenoid cavity between sides of the body in females but not in males. Both indicators of directional asymmetry (%DA and %AA) did not show significant differences between sexes. PLS analysis revealed a significant correlation between glenoid shape and two humeral head diameters only in females on the left side of the body. CONCLUSIONS The studied population, perhaps due to a high level of activity, exhibited slightly greater upper-limb bone bilateral asymmetry than other agricultural populations. Results suggest that the upper limbs were involved in similar activity patterns in both sexes but were characterized by different habitual behaviors. To obtain comprehensive results, studies should be based on sophisticated methods such as geometric morphometrics as well as standard measurements. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:817-824, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Kubicka
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Anthropology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland
| | - Przemysław Lubiatowski
- Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Hand Surgery, University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, Poland.,Rehasport Clinic, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Leszek Romanowski
- Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Hand Surgery, University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, Poland
| | - Janusz Piontek
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Anthropology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland
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Hill EC, Durband AC, Walshe K. Risk Minimization and a Late Holocene Increase in Mobility at Roonka Flat, South Australia: An Analysis of Lower Limb Bone Diaphyseal Shape. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 161:94-103. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan C. Hill
- Department of Anthropology; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque NM 87131
| | - Arthur C. Durband
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work; Kansas State University; Manhattan KS 66506
- Department of Archaeology; Flinders University; Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
- Department of Anthropology, Science Centre; South Australian Museum; Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
| | - Keryn Walshe
- Department of Archaeology; Flinders University; Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
- Department of Anthropology, Science Centre; South Australian Museum; Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
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Waxenbaum EB, Sirak KA. Developmental patterns of bilateral asymmetry in ancestral puebloans. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 28:421-30. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erin B. Waxenbaum
- Department of Anthropology; Northwestern University; Evanston Illinois 60208
| | - Kendra A. Sirak
- Department of Anthropology; Emory University; Atlanta Georgia 30322
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Tur S. Bilateral Asymmetry of Long Bones in Bronze and Early Iron Age Pastoralists of the Altai*. ARCHAEOLOGY, ETHNOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY OF EURASIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aeae.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Barros A, Soligo C. Bilateral Asymmetry of Humeral Torsion and Length in African Apes and Humans. Folia Primatol (Basel) 2013; 84:220-38. [DOI: 10.1159/000353177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ubelaker DH, Zarenko KM. Can Handedness be Determined from Skeletal Remains? A Chronological Review of the Literature. J Forensic Sci 2012; 57:1421-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ozener B. Extreme behavioral lateralization and the remodeling of the distal humerus. Am J Hum Biol 2012; 24:436-40. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Krishan K. Marked limb bilateral asymmetry in an agricultural endogamous population of North India. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 23:674-85. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.21196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Garrido Varas C, Thompson T. Metric dimensions of the proximal phalanges of the human hand and their relationship to side, position, and asymmetry. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2011; 62:126-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ozener B. Fluctuating and directional asymmetry in young human males: effect of heavy working condition and socioeconomic status. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2010; 143:112-20. [PMID: 20734438 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many adverse environmental and genetic factors can affect stability of development during human growth. Although the level of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) may be influenced by environmental and genetic stress encountered during this period, directional asymmetry (DA) is largely attributable to differential mechanical loading during bone growth, for example, handedness. I assessed the effects of heavy working conditions and socioeconomic conditions on asymmetry levels in three groups of young human males: 1) individuals employed in the heavy industry sector (n = 104, mean age = 18.48 +/- 0.61 years), 2) individuals who had the same socioeconomic status as the laborers (n = 102, mean age = 18.39 +/- 0.58 years) but were not laborers, and 3) nonlaborers from the higher socioeconomic levels of society (n = 103, mean age = 18.43 +/- 0.67). For all subjects, hand length, hand width, elbow width, wrist width, knee width, ankle width, foot length, foot width, ear length, and ear width were measured. All measurements of the upper extremities in the labor group appeared to exhibit DA; in the other two groups only hand measurements exhibited DA. According to analysis of FA, subjects living in poor conditions exhibited more FA than their nonlaborer peers living in better conditions. In addition, biomechanical pressures due to heavy working conditions of the labor group appeared to cause increased DA in the upper extremities: DA increased with an increase in the number of years working.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bariş Ozener
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Literature, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
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Sparacello VS, Pearson OM, Coppa A, Marchi D. Changes in skeletal robusticity in an iron age agropastoral group: the Samnites from the Alfedena necropolis (Abruzzo, Central Italy). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2010; 144:119-30. [PMID: 20718040 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cross-sectional geometrical (CSG) properties of an Iron Age Samnite group from the Alfedena necropolis (Abruzzo, Italy, 2600-2400 B.P.) are compared with a Ligurian Neolithic sample (6000-5500 B.P.). In the period under examination, Samnites were organized in a tribal confederation led by patrilinear aristocracies, indicating incipient social stratification. In comparison, Neolithic society lacked clear signs of social hierarchy. The subsistence of both groups was mainly based on pastoralism and agriculture, but changes in habitual behavior are expected due to the socio-economic transformations that characterized the Iron Age. The Samnites' warlike ideology suggests that unimanual weapon-use and training would have become frequent for males. The intensification of agriculture and the adoption of transhumant pastoralism, performed by a smaller subset of the population, likely led to a lower average level of logistic mobility. The strongly genderized ideology of the period suggests a strict sexual division of labor, with women primarily performing sedentary tasks. CSG properties based on periosteal contours were calculated for humeri, femora, and tibiae (N = 61). Results corroborated the expectations: Alfedena males show substantial humeral bilateral asymmetry, indicating prevalent use of one arm, likely due to weapon training. In both sexes lower limb results indicate reduced mobility with respect to the Neolithic group. Sexual dimorphism is significant in both humeral asymmetry and lower limb indicators of mobility. Although both groups could be broadly defined as agropastoral based on archeological and historical evidence, CSG analysis confirmed important differences in habitual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Sparacello
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
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