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Henrion J, Hublin JJ, Maureille B. New Neanderthal remains from the Châtelperronian-attributed layer X of the Grotte du Renne (Arcy-sur-Cure, France). J Hum Evol 2023; 181:103402. [PMID: 37379741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Henrion
- PACEA UMR 5199, Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Ministère de la Culture, 33600, Pessac, France.
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Paléoanthropologie, CIRB (UMR 7241-U1050), Collège de France, 75231, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Maureille
- PACEA UMR 5199, Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Ministère de la Culture, 33600, Pessac, France
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2
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Taylor BR, Oxenham M, McFadden C. Estimating fertility using adults: A method for under-enumerated pre-adult skeletal samples. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 181:262-270. [PMID: 36974969 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infant underrepresentation poses a great risk to accurate palaeodemographic findings when analyzing skeletal samples. Empirically derived palaeodemographic methods all require unbiased or minimally biased pre-adult representation for estimating demographic characteristics, including fertility. Currently, there are no reliable methods for estimating palaeodemographic parameters when pre-adults are underrepresented in skeletal samples, consequently such samples are often excluded from palaeodemographic analyses. The aim of this article is to develop a method for estimating total fertility rate (TFR) using reproductive aged adults, specifically for samples with suspected pre-adult under-enumeration. METHODOLOGY United Nations mortality data and TFR from the World Population Prospects was utilized. The correlation between known fertility and the proportion of individuals in key reproductive years (15-49 years) to total adult sample (15+ years) was assessed as an indirect means to estimate fertility. RESULTS It was determined that the proportion of reproductive aged adults is a reasonable proxy for fertility. A significant positive correlation was observed between the TFR and those who died aged 15-49 years of age as a proportion of those who died ≥15 years (D15-49/D15+). SE of the estimate revealed reasonable predictive accuracy. When applied to two modern non-agricultural populations, the method showed some variability in accuracy but good potential for an improved outcome over existing methods when pre-adults are underrepresented. CONCLUSION This research has provided a new method for estimating fertility in archeological skeletal samples with pre-adult under-enumeration. In combination with a contextually focused approach, this provides a significant step toward further use of biased samples in palaeodemography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie R Taylor
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Marc Oxenham
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Department of Archaeology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Clare McFadden
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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3
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Boldsen JL, Milner GR, Ousley SD. Paleodemography: From archaeology and skeletal age estimation to life in the past. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2022; 178 Suppl 74:115-150. [PMID: 36787786 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Much of paleodemography, an interdisciplinary field with strong ties to archaeology, among other disciplines, is oriented toward clarifying the life experiences of past people and why they changed over time. We focus on how human skeletons contribute to our understanding of preindustrial demographic regimes, including when changes took place that led to the world as we know it today. Problems with existing paleodemographic practices are highlighted, as are promising directions for future work. The latter requires both better age estimates and innovative methods to handle data appropriately. Age-at-death estimates for adult skeletons are a particular problem, especially for adults over 50 years that undoubtedly are mistakenly underrepresented in published studies of archaeological skeletons. Better age estimates for the entirety of the lifespan are essential to generate realistic distributions of age at death. There are currently encouraging signs that after about a half-century of intensive, and sometimes contentious, research, paleodemography is poised to contribute much to understandings of evolutionary processes, the structure of past populations, and human-disease interaction, among other topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper L Boldsen
- ADBOU, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M, Denmark
| | - George R Milner
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen D Ousley
- Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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4
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Ontogenetic Patterning of Human Subchondral Bone Microarchitecture in the Proximal Tibia. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071002. [PMID: 36101383 PMCID: PMC9312028 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution computed tomography images were acquired for 31 proximal human tibiae, age 8 to 37.5 years, from Norris Farms #36 cemetery site (A.D. 1300). Morphometric analysis of subchondral cortical and trabecular bone architecture was performed between and within the tibial condyles. Kruskal−Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to examine the association between region, age, body mass, and each morphometric parameter. The findings indicate that age-related changes in mechanical loading have varied effects on subchondral bone morphology. With age, trabecular microstructure increased in bone volume fraction (p = 0.033) and degree of anisotropy (p = 0.012), and decreased in connectivity density (p = 0.001). In the subchondral cortical plate, there was an increase in thickness (p < 0.001). When comparing condylar regions, only degree of anisotropy differed (p = 0.004) between the medial and lateral condyles. Trabeculae in the medial condyle were more anisotropic than in the lateral region. This research represents an innovative approach to quantifying both cortical and trabecular subchondral bone microarchitecture in archaeological remains.
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Roksandic M, Radović P, Lindal J, Mihailović D. Early Neanderthals in contact: The Chibanian (Middle Pleistocene) hominin dentition from Velika Balanica Cave, Southern Serbia. J Hum Evol 2022; 166:103175. [PMID: 35339947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neanderthals are Eurasian fossil hominins whose distinctive morphology developed in the southwestern corner of Europe and later spread throughout the continent, reaching Southwest Asia before the Late Pleistocene and spreading into Central Asia by 59-49 ka. The timing, tempo, and route of the Neanderthal movements eastward are poorly documented. The earliest probable evidence of Neanderthals in Asia comes from Karain E Cave (Anatolia, Turkey), dated to 250-200 ka. We present four Chibanian (Middle Pleistocene) hominin specimens, representing at least two individuals, from Velika Balanica Cave (Serbia): a permanent upper third molar (BH-2), a deciduous upper fourth premolar (BH-3) refitted to a poorly preserved maxillary fragment with the permanent first molar in the alveolus (BH-4), and a permanent upper central incisor (BH-5). We provide descriptions of the teeth, as well as a comparative analysis of the well-preserved M1 (BH-4), including assessments of cusp angles, relative occlusal polygon area, relative cusp base areas, two- and three-dimensional enamel thickness, and taurodontism. Morphology of both the occlusal surface and the enamel dentine junction of the M1 indicates that the maxillary fragment and associated dP4 belonged to an early Neanderthal child. The heavily worn I1 and M3 are consistent with the Neanderthal morphology, although they are less distinct taxonomically. These Chibanian remains with provenance from layer 3a are constrained by two thermoluminescence dates: 285 ± 34 ka and 295 ± 74 ka. They represent the earliest current evidence of Neanderthal spread into the Eastern Mediterranean Area. We discuss these findings in light of recent direct evidence for cultural connections between Southwestern Asia and Southeast Europe in the Chibanian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Roksandic
- Department of Anthropology, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada; Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba, 432 Fletcher Argue Building, 15 Chancellor Circle, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada; Fellow, DFG Center for Advanced Studies 'Words, Bones, Genes, Tools', University of Tübingen, 23 Rümelinstrasse, Room 603a, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Predrag Radović
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, 18-20 Čika Ljubina Belgrade, 11000, Serbia; National Museum Kraljevo, 2 Trg Svetog Save, Kraljevo, 36000, Serbia
| | - Joshua Lindal
- Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba, 432 Fletcher Argue Building, 15 Chancellor Circle, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Dušan Mihailović
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, 18-20 Čika Ljubina Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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Blom DE, Knudson KJ. Paleopathology and children in the Andes: Local/situated biologies and future directions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2020; 29:65-75. [PMID: 31585823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the decades since Verano (1997) published his foundational piece on Andean paleopathology, scholars have recognized the importance of the bioarchaeology of childhood. Yet, scholarship on ancient childhood in the Andes deemphasizes paleopathology. Nonadult paleopathological data are often employed in large-scale, biocultural studies focused on environmental or political adaptations; however, they can also elucidate children's individual lived experiences and roles in society. To generate culturally-meaningful paleopathological data, we must take a contextualized approach to our analyses and interpretations. Disparate use of chronological age in published datasets makes synthesis across studies problematic, and ethnohistorical and ethnographic data on Andean children demonstrate that developmental age categories, rather than chronological age ranges, are most appropriate. Further, paleopathological data can best inform our investigations when they are combined with related datasets such as those on sex, diet, activity, and mobility. With that in mind, we use the theoretical framework of "local biologies" (and the related "situated biologies"), where biology is viewed as heavily contingent on culturally-specific beliefs and practices and local physical, sociocultural, and political environments (Lock, 1993, 2001; Niewöhner and Lock, 2018). Local biologies approaches can enrich social bioarchaeology and paleopathology to by specifically situating children and their experiences within the ancient Andean world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah E Blom
- University of Vermont, Department of Anthropology, United States.
| | - Kelly J Knudson
- Arizona State University, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, United States
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7
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Toyne JM, Murphy MS, Klaus HD. An introduction to advances in Andean South American paleopathology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2020; 29:1-15. [PMID: 32334998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the 20 years since the publication of John Verano's foundational paper "Advances in Paleopathology of Andean South America," paleopathological and bioarchaeological investigations of human skeletal remains in the region have increased dramatically. Today, primary foci have grown to span the identification of disease, detailed reconstructions of biocultural interactions, embodied social experiences, and ancient living worlds. In this special issue, more than a dozen scholars reflect on the state of developments in the scientific analyses of ancient disease, life, and society across the region. For this introductory article, we frame the current state of Andean paleopathology by reviewing key historical contributions beginning in the last century. More recent trends since 1997 are defined via a meta-analysis of the literature. We then highlight current innovations and consider future directions of study. We then close with an overview of the papers comprising this special issue. Each article explores major theoretical, topical, and methodological advances that have transpired since 1997 and charts the course for the next two decades of work - with implications and insights that transcend the Andes and speak to key paleopathological issues around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marla Toyne
- Department of Anthropology, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL, 32803-1631, United States.
| | - Melissa S Murphy
- Anthropology Department, 12th and Lewis Streets, Laramie, WY, 82071, United States.
| | - Haagen D Klaus
- Dept. of Sociology and Anthropology, Robinson Hall B Room 305, 4400 University Dr., Mailcode 3G5, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, United States.
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Djukić K, Milovanović P, Milenković P, Djurić M. A microarchitectural assessment of the gluteal tuberosity suggests two possible patterns in entheseal changes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 172:291-299. [PMID: 32154921 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Macroscopic entheseal forms show two main features: predominant signs of bony formation or resorption. To understand the development of these forms, we investigated microarchitectural differences between the macroscopic proliferative and resorptive forms of the gluteus maximus enthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The macromorphological analysis of entheseal changes (EC) was based on the Villotte, visual scoring system for fibrous entheses. Gluteal tuberosity specimens of different stages of Villote's system were harvested from 16 adult males derived from an archaeological context and scanned using microcomputed tomography. RESULTS The microarchitectural analyzes of cortical bone demonstrated a trend of higher porosity in the resorptive compared to the proliferative phase in Stage B, whereas a 30% porosity reduction was detected in the resorptive compared to proliferative phase of Stage C. In terms of the trabecular bone between the resorptive and proliferative entheseal phases, there was a trend of increased connectivity density, whereas the structural model index decreased in B and increased in C. The assessment of the entire specimen showed an increase in porosity from the proliferative to the resorptive phase in the Stage B, in contrast to a decrease in the Stage C. DISCUSSION The results suggest that from an initial flat entheses, two directions of EC development are possible: (a) a bony prominence may form and, subsequently, it is subjected to trabecularization of the cortical bone inside the prominence, such cortical trabecularization can lead to visible porosity on the cortical external surface; (b) the cortical bone defect may develop with the regular underlying cortical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Djukić
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Milovanović
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Milenković
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, National Cancer Research Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Djurić
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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Aronsen GP, Fehren-Schmitz L, Krigbaum J, Kamenov GD, Conlogue GJ, Warinner C, Ozga AT, Sankaranarayanan K, Griego A, DeLuca DW, Eckels HT, Byczkiewicz RK, Grgurich T, Pelletier NA, Brownlee SA, Marichal A, Williamson K, Tonoike Y, Bellantoni NF. "The dead shall be raised": Multidisciplinary analysis of human skeletons reveals complexity in 19th century immigrant socioeconomic history and identity in New Haven, Connecticut. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219279. [PMID: 31498793 PMCID: PMC6733446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In July 2011, renovations to Yale-New Haven Hospital inadvertently exposed the cemetery of Christ Church, New Haven, Connecticut's first Catholic cemetery. While this cemetery was active between 1833 and 1851, both the church and its cemetery disappeared from public records, making the discovery serendipitous. Four relatively well-preserved adult skeletons were recovered with few artifacts. All four individuals show indicators of manual labor, health and disease stressors, and dental health issues. Two show indicators of trauma, with the possibility of judicial hanging in one individual. Musculoskeletal markings are consistent with physical stress, and two individuals have arthritic indicators of repetitive movement/specialized activities. Radiographic analyses show osteopenia, healed trauma, and other pathologies in several individuals. Dental calculus analysis did not identify any tuberculosis indicators, despite osteological markers. Isotopic analyses of teeth indicate that all four were likely recent immigrants to the Northeastern United States. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA were recovered from three individuals, and these analyses identified ancestry, hair/eye color, and relatedness. Genetic and isotopic results upended our initial ancestry assessment based on burial context alone. These individuals provide biocultural evidence of New Haven's Industrial Revolution and the plasticity of ethnic and religious identity in the immigrant experience. Their recovery and the multifaceted analyses described here illuminate a previously undescribed part of the city's rich history. The collective expertise of biological, geochemical, archaeological, and historical researchers interprets socioeconomic and cultural identity better than any one could alone. Our combined efforts changed our initial assumptions of a poor urban Catholic cemetery's membership, and provide a template for future discoveries and analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P. Aronsen
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Lars Fehren-Schmitz
- Department of Historical Anthropology and Human Ecology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - John Krigbaum
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - George D. Kamenov
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gerald J. Conlogue
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, Connecticut, United States of America
- Bioanthropology Research Institute, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Christina Warinner
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Andrew T. Ozga
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Anthony Griego
- Independent Scholar, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Daniel W. DeLuca
- Independent Scholar, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Howard T. Eckels
- Independent Scholar, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Romuald K. Byczkiewicz
- Department of History, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Tania Grgurich
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, Connecticut, United States of America
- Bioanthropology Research Institute, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Natalie A. Pelletier
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Brownlee
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ana Marichal
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Kylie Williamson
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yukiko Tonoike
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Nicholas F. Bellantoni
- Connecticut State Museum of Natural History, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
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Radović P, Lindal J, Mihailović D, Roksandic M. The first Neanderthal specimen from Serbia: Maxillary first molar from the Late Pleistocene of Pešturina Cave. J Hum Evol 2019; 131:139-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Chinique de Armas Y, Roksandic M, Nikitović D, Rodríguez Suárez R, Smith D, Kanik N, García Jordá D, Buhay WM. Isotopic reconstruction of the weaning process in the archaeological population of Canímar Abajo, Cuba: A Bayesian probability mixing model approach. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176065. [PMID: 28459816 PMCID: PMC5411105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirjana Roksandic
- Department of Anthropology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Dejana Nikitović
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - David Smith
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadine Kanik
- Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - William M. Buhay
- Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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12
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Roksandic M, Alarie K, Rodríguez Suárez R, Huebner E, Roksandic I. Not of African Descent: Dental Modification among Indigenous Caribbean People from Canímar Abajo, Cuba. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153536. [PMID: 27071012 PMCID: PMC4829177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental modifications in the Caribbean are considered to be an African practice introduced to the Caribbean archipelago by the influx of enslaved Africans during colonial times. Skeletal remains which exhibited dental modifications are by default considered to be Africans, African descendants, or post-contact indigenous people influenced by an African practice. Individual E-105 from the site of Canímar Abajo (Cuba), with a direct 14C AMS date of 990–800 cal BC, provides the first unequivocal evidence of dental modifications in the Antilles prior to contact with Europeans in AD 1492. Central incisors showing evidence of significant crown reduction (loss of crown volume regardless of its etiology) were examined macroscopically and with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine if the observed alterations were due to deliberate modification or other (unintentional) factors considered: postmortem breakage, violent accidental breakage, non-dietary use of teeth, and wear caused by habitual or repeated actions. The pattern of crown reduction is consistent with deliberate dental modification of the type commonly encountered among African and African descendent communities in post-contact Caribbean archaeological assemblages. Six additional individuals show similar pattern of crown reduction of maxillary incisors with no analogous wear in corresponding mandibular dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Roksandic
- Department of Anthropology, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2E9, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Kaitlynn Alarie
- Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Roberto Rodríguez Suárez
- Museo Antropológico Montane, Universidad de la Habana, Calle 25 No. 455 Vedado, Havana, 10400, Cuba
| | - Erwin Huebner
- Department of Biology, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ivan Roksandic
- Department of Anthropology, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2E9, Canada
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13
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Konigsberg LW, Frankenberg SR, Liversidge HM. Optimal trait scoring for age estimation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 159:557-76. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lyle W. Konigsberg
- Department of Anthropology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801
| | - Susan R. Frankenberg
- Department of Anthropology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801
| | - Helen M. Liversidge
- Centre for Oral Growth and Development; Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; E1 2AD London UK
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14
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Modeling Metabolism and Disease in Bioarcheology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:548704. [PMID: 26347356 PMCID: PMC4545410 DOI: 10.1155/2015/548704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We examine two important measures that can be made in bioarcheology on the remains of human and vertebrate animals. These remains consist of bone, teeth, or hair; each shows growth increments and each can be assayed for isotope ratios and other chemicals in equal intervals along the direction of growth. In each case, the central data is a time series of measurements. The first important measures are spectral estimates in spectral analyses and linear system analyses; we emphasize calculation of periodicities and growth rates as well as the comparison of power in bands. A low frequency band relates to the autonomic nervous system (ANS) control of metabolism and thus provides information about the life history of the individual of archeological interest. Turning to nonlinear system analysis, we discuss the calculation of SM Pinus' approximate entropy (ApEn) for short or moderate length time series. Like the concept that regular heart R-R interval data may indicate lack of health, low values of ApEn may indicate disrupted metabolism in individuals of archeological interest and even that a tipping point in deteriorating metabolism may have been reached just before death. This adds to the list of causes of death that can be determined from minimal data.
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15
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Modeling Clinical States and Metabolic Rhythms in Bioarcheology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:818724. [PMID: 26346040 PMCID: PMC4544883 DOI: 10.1155/2015/818724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bioarcheology is cross disciplinary research encompassing the study of human remains. However, life's activities have, up till now, eluded bioarcheological investigation. We hypothesized that growth lines in hair might archive the biologic rhythms, growth rate, and metabolism during life. Computational modeling predicted the physical appearance, derived from hair growth rate, biologic rhythms, and mental state for human remains from the Roman period. The width of repeat growth intervals (RI's) on the hair, shown by confocal microscopy, allowed computation of time series of periodicities of the RI's to model growth rates of the hairs. Our results are based on four hairs from controls yielding 212 data points and the RI's of six cropped hairs from Zweeloo woman's scalp yielding 504 data points. Hair growth was, ten times faster than normal consistent with hypertrichosis. Cantú syndrome consists of hypertrichosis, dyschondrosteosis, short stature, and cardiomegaly. Sympathetic activation and enhanced metabolic state suggesting arousal was also present. Two-photon microscopy visualized preserved portions of autonomic nerve fibers surrounding the hair bulb. Scanning electron microscopy found evidence that a knife was used to cut the hair three to five days before death. Thus computational modeling enabled the elucidation of life's activities 2000 years after death in this individual with Cantu syndrome. This may have implications for archeology and forensic sciences.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Multivariate ordinal categorical data have figured prominently in the age estimation literature. Unfortunately, the osteological and dental age estimation literature is often disconnected from the statistical literature that provides the underpinnings for rationale analyses. AIM The aim of the study is to provide an analytical basis for age estimation using multiple ordinal categorical traits. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Data on ectocranial suture closure from 1152 individuals are analysed in a multivariate cumulative probit model fit using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. RESULTS Twenty-six parameters in a five variable analysis are estimated, including the 10 unique elements of the five × five correlation matrix. The correlation matrix differs substantially from the identity matrix one would assume under conditional independence among the sutures. CONCLUSION While the assumption of conditional independence between traits greatly simplifies the use of parametric models in age estimation, this assumption is not a necessary step. Further, in the analysis discussed here there are considerable residual correlations between ectocranial suture closure scores even after 'regressing out' the effect of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyle W Konigsberg
- a Department of Anthropology , University of Illinois , Urbana , IL , USA
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Djukic K, Milovanovic P, Hahn M, Busse B, Amling M, Djuric M. Bone microarchitecture at muscle attachment sites: The relationship between macroscopic scores of entheses and their cortical and trabecular microstructural design. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 157:81-93. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Djukic
- Laboratory for Anthropology; Institute of Anatomy; Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Petar Milovanovic
- Laboratory for Anthropology; Institute of Anatomy; Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Michael Hahn
- Department of Osteology & Biomechanics; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology & Biomechanics; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology & Biomechanics; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Marija Djuric
- Laboratory for Anthropology; Institute of Anatomy; Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
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Merritt CE. The influence of body size on adult skeletal age estimation methods. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 156:35-57. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Merritt CE. A Test of Hartnett's Revisions to the Pubic Symphysis and Fourth Rib Methods on a Modern Sample. J Forensic Sci 2014; 59:703-11. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Merritt
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S2, Canada
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White AA. Mortality, fertility, and the OY ratio in a model hunter-gatherer system. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 154:222-31. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Subsistence strategy changes: the evidence of entheseal changes. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2013; 64:491-508. [PMID: 24028816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Changes in subsistence strategy have caused some of the profoundest changes to the structure and health of humans. This study aims to test whether these changes have reduced work-load as assessed by entheseal changes. Entheseal changes, formerly called musculoskeletal stress markers, are thought to reflect muscle usage throughout life, although it is widely agreed that they have a multifactorial origin. This paper uses a meta-analysis of comparable published data to plot trends in time by muscle, enthesis type and sex. The results show that agriculturalists have the lowest scores for entheseal changes, with hunte-gatherers next highest and those working in industry the highest. These findings are the same for males and females, for most muscles and muscle groups. However, entheseal changes are highly correlated with increased age and the age distributions of the samples analysed could not be compared. It is, therefore, possible that differences in age distribution of the samples are one of the reasons for this finding. Recommendations are provided to reduce this and other limitations for future meta-analyses.
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