1
|
Morphometric affinities and direct radiocarbon dating of the Toca dos Coqueiros' skull (Serra da Capivara, Brazil). Sci Rep 2022; 12:7807. [PMID: 35550576 PMCID: PMC9098637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological variation of the earliest skeletons of South America has been intensely debated for the last two centuries. One of the major research constraints has been the limited number of available samples dating to the early Holocene. We here present the first direct radiocarbon-date for the early Holocene human skeleton from Toca dos Coqueiros (Serra da Capivara, Brazil), also known as “Zuzu” (8640 ± 30 BP; 9526–9681 cal years BP). We performed craniometric analyses using exclusively samples from Brazil, to revisit the sex of the skeleton, and to discuss the evolutionary processes involved in the occupation of the continent. The sex of the individual was estimated as a female when compared to late and early Holocene individuals, but as a male when compared only to the early Holocene series. We also found that Zuzu presents the strongest differences with the late Holocene Guajajara individuals, located nearby, and the strongest similarities with the early Holocene series from Lagoa Santa, attesting for solid biological affinities among early Holocene individuals from Brazil, as well as a moderate level of morphological variation among them. This suggests that the early individuals were part of the same heterogeneous lineage, possibly a different one from which late Holocene populations diverged.
Collapse
|
2
|
Hubbe M, Terrazas Mata A, Herrera B, Benavente Sanvicente ME, González González A, Rojas Sandoval C, Avilés Olguín J, Acevez Núñez E, Von Cramon-Taubadel N. Morphological variation of the early human remains from Quintana Roo, Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico: Contributions to the discussions about the settlement of the Americas. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227444. [PMID: 31995578 PMCID: PMC6988924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human settlement of the Americas has been a topic of intense debate for centuries, and there is still no consensus on the tempo and mode of early human dispersion across the continent. When trying to explain the biological diversity of early groups across North, Central and South America, studies have defended a wide range of dispersion models that tend to oversimplify the diversity observed across the continent. In this study, we aim to contribute to this debate by exploring the cranial morphological affinities of four late Pleistocene/early Holocene specimens recovered from the caves of Quintana Roo, Mexico. The four specimens are among the earliest human remains known in the continent and permit the contextualization of biological diversity present during the initial millennia of human presence in the Americas. The specimens were compared to worldwide reference series through geometric morphometric analyses of 3D anatomical landmarks. Morphological data were analyzed through exploratory visual multivariate analyses and multivariate classification based on Mahalanobis distances. The results show very different patterns of morphological association for each Quintana Roo specimen, suggesting that the early populations of the region already shared a high degree of morphological diversity. This contrasts with previous studies of South American remains and opens the possibility that the initial populations of North America already had a high level of morphological diversity, which was reduced as populations dispersed into the southern continent. As such, the study of these rare remains illustrates that we are probably still underestimating the biological diversity of early Americans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hubbe
- Department of Anthropology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Instituto de Arqueología y Antropología, Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Alejandro Terrazas Mata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Brianne Herrera
- Department of Anthropology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Martha E. Benavente Sanvicente
- Laboratorio de Prehistoria y Evolución del Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Noreen Von Cramon-Taubadel
- Department of Anthropology, State University of New York – Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Souza AMD, Resende SS, Sousa TND, Brito CFAD. A systematic scoping review of the genetic ancestry of the Brazilian population. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 42:495-508. [PMID: 31188926 PMCID: PMC6905439 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic background of the Brazilian population is mainly characterized by
three parental populations: European, African, and Native American. The aim of
this study was to overview the genetic ancestry estimates for different
Brazilian geographic regions and analyze factors involved in these estimates. In
this systematic scoping review were included 51 studies, comprehending 81
populations of 19 states from five regions of Brazil. To reduce the potential of
bias from studies with different sampling methods, we calculated the mean
genetic ancestry weighted by the number of individuals. The weighted mean
proportions of European, African, and Native American ancestries were 68.1%,
19.6%, and 11.6%, respectively. At the regional level, the highest European
contribution occurred in the South, while the highest African and Native
American contributions occurred in the Northeastern and Northern regions,
respectively. Among states in the Northeast region, Bahia and Ceará showed
significant differences, suggesting distinct demographic histories. This review
contributes for a broader understanding of the Brazilian ancestry and indicates
that the ancestry estimates are influenced by the type of molecular marker and
the sampling method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aracele Maria de Souza
- Research Group in Molecular Biology and Immunology of Malaria, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sarah Stela Resende
- Research Group in Molecular Biology and Immunology of Malaria, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Taís Nóbrega de Sousa
- Research Group in Molecular Biology and Immunology of Malaria, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Da-Gloria P, Hubbe M, Neves WA. Lagoa Santa's contribution to the origins and life of early Americans. Evol Anthropol 2018; 27:121-133. [PMID: 29845689 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The region of Lagoa Santa, Central-Eastern Brazil, provides an exceptional archeological record about Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene occupation of the Americas. Since the first interventions made by the Danish naturalist Peter Lund in the 19th century, hundreds of human skeletons have been exhumed in the region. These skeletons are complemented by a rich botanic, faunal, technological, and geomorphological archeological record. We explore here the contributions of Lagoa Santa material to the origins and lifestyle of early Americans, providing an historic background. Cranial morphology of Lagoa Santa skeletons allowed the proposition of a model of two biological components for the occupation of the Americas, in which early Americans are morphologically similar to people of African and Australo-Melanesian origin. Furthermore, the archeological record in the region has revealed an intense use of plant resources, a restricted spatial distribution, and the symbolic elaboration of local hunter-gatherers, unveiling a distinct lifestyle compared to early North American populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Da-Gloria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal do Pará
| | - Mark Hubbe
- Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo R. P Gustavo Le Paige, Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile and Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Walter A Neves
- Laboratório de Estudos Evolutivos e Ecológicos Humanos, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fagundes NJR, Tagliani-Ribeiro A, Rubicz R, Tarskaia L, Crawford MH, Salzano FM, Bonatto SL. How strong was the bottleneck associated to the peopling of the Americas? New insights from multilocus sequence data. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:206-214. [PMID: 29668018 PMCID: PMC5913727 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of many genetic studies that contributed for a deep knowledge about the peopling of the Americas, no consensus has emerged about important parameters such as the effective size of the Native Americans founder population. Previous estimates based on genomic datasets may have been biased by the use of admixed individuals from Latino populations, while other recent studies using samples from Native American individuals relied on approximated analytical approaches. In this study we use resequencing data for nine independent regions in a set of Native American and Siberian individuals and a full-likelihood approach based on isolation-with-migration scenarios accounting for recent flow between Asian and Native American populations. Our results suggest that, in agreement with previous studies, the effective size of the Native American population was small, most likely in the order of a few hundred individuals, with point estimates close to 250 individuals, even though credible intervals include a number as large as ~4,000 individuals. Recognizing the size of the genetic bottleneck during the peopling of the Americas is important for determining the extent of genetic markers needed to characterize Native American populations in genome-wide studies and to evaluate the adaptive potential of genetic variants in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson J R Fagundes
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alice Tagliani-Ribeiro
- Fertilitat Centro de Medicina Reprodutiva, Centro Clínico da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rohina Rubicz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Larissa Tarskaia
- Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Michael H Crawford
- Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Francisco M Salzano
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandro L Bonatto
- Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kuzminsky SC, Reyes Báez O, Arriaza B, Méndez C, Standen VG, San Román M, Muñoz I, Durán Herrera Á, Hubbe M. Investigating cranial morphological variation of early human skeletal remains from Chile: A 3D geometric morphometric approach. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 165:223-237. [PMID: 29090737 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Archaeological and genetic research has demonstrated that the Pacific Coast was a key route in the early colonization of South America. Research examining South American skeletons >8000 cal BP has revealed differences in cranial morphology between early and late Holocene populations, which may reflect distinct migration events and/or populations. However, genetic, cultural, and some skeletal data contradict this model. Given these discrepancies, this study examines ∼9000 years of prehistory to test the hypothesis that Early skeletons have a distinct cranial morphology from later skeletons. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using 3D digital models, craniofacial landmarks, and geometric morphometric analyses, we compared Early Holocene crania (n = 4) to later Chilean samples (n = 90) frequently absent in continental assessments of craniofacial variation. PCA, Mahalanobis distances, posterior and typicality probabilities were used to examine variation. RESULTS Two of the earliest skeletons from northern Chile show clear affinities to individuals from later sites in the same region. However, the hypothesis cannot be rejected as one Early individual from northern Chile and one individual from inland Patagonia did not always show clear affinities to coastal populations. DISCUSSION Biological affinities among northern populations and other regions of Chile align with genetic and archaeological data, supporting cultural and biological continuity along the Pacific Coast. In Patagonia, archaeological data are in accordance with skeletal differences between the Early inland steppe individual and coastal populations. This study incorporates 3D methods and skeletal datasets not widely used in assessments of biological affinity, thus contributing to a critical body of research examining the ancient population history of western South America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Kuzminsky
- Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo R.P Gustavo Le Paige, Universidad Católica del Norte, Gustavo Le Paige 380, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile.,Anthropology Department, University of California, 156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Omar Reyes Báez
- Centro de Estudios del Hombre Austral, Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01890 Casilla 113D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Bernardo Arriaza
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - César Méndez
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia, Moraleda 16, Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Vivien G Standen
- Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de Tarapacá, 18 de Septiembre 2222, Casilla 6-D, Arica, Chile
| | - Manuel San Román
- Centro de Estudios del Hombre Austral, Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01890 Casilla 113D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Iván Muñoz
- Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de Tarapacá, 18 de Septiembre 2222, Casilla 6-D, Arica, Chile
| | | | - Mark Hubbe
- Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo R.P Gustavo Le Paige, Universidad Católica del Norte, Gustavo Le Paige 380, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile.,Department of Anthropology, 4034 Smith Laboratory, The Ohio State University, 174 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Corny J, Galland M, Arzarello M, Bacon AM, Demeter F, Grimaud-Hervé D, Higham C, Matsumura H, Nguyen LC, Nguyen TKT, Nguyen V, Oxenham M, Sayavongkhamdy T, Sémah F, Shackelford LL, Détroit F. Dental phenotypic shape variation supports a multiple dispersal model for anatomically modern humans in Southeast Asia. J Hum Evol 2017; 112:41-56. [PMID: 29037415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The population history of anatomically modern humans (AMH) in Southeast Asia (SEA) is a highly debated topic. The impact of sea level variations related to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Neolithic diffusion on past population dispersals are two key issues. We have investigated competing AMH dispersal hypotheses in SEA through the analysis of dental phenotype shape variation on the basis of very large archaeological samples employing two complementary approaches. We first explored the structure of between- and within-group shape variation of permanent human molar crowns. Second, we undertook a direct test of competing hypotheses through a modeling approach. Our results identify a significant LGM-mediated AMH expansion and a strong biological impact of the spread of Neolithic farmers into SEA during the Holocene. The present work thus favors a "multiple AMH dispersal" hypothesis for the population history of SEA, reconciling phenotypic and recent genomic data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Corny
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS, ADES UMR 7268, 13916, Marseille, France.
| | - Manon Galland
- University College Dublin, School of Archaeology, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Département Homme et environnement, CNRS, UMR 7206, 75116, Paris, France
| | - Marta Arzarello
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento Studi Umanistici, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anne-Marie Bacon
- Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, UMR 5288 CNRS, AMIS, 92120, Montrouge, France
| | - Fabrice Demeter
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Département Homme et environnement, CNRS, UMR 7206, 75116, Paris, France; Center for GeoGenetics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dominique Grimaud-Hervé
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Département Homme et environnement, CNRS, UMR 7194, 75116, Paris, France
| | - Charles Higham
- University of Otago, Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Hirofumi Matsumura
- Sapporo Medical University, School of Health Science, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | | | | | - Viet Nguyen
- Center for Southeast Asian Prehistory, 96/203 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Marc Oxenham
- Australian National University, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Thongsa Sayavongkhamdy
- Department of National Heritage, Ministry of Information and Culture, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - François Sémah
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Département Homme et environnement, CNRS, UMR 7194, 75116, Paris, France
| | | | - Florent Détroit
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Département Homme et environnement, CNRS, UMR 7194, 75116, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stansfield Bulygina E, Rasskasova A, Berezina N, Soficaru AD. Resolving relationships between several Neolithic and Mesolithic populations in Northern Eurasia using geometric morphometrics. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28639281 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Remains from several Eastern European and Siberian Mesolithic and Neolithic sites are analysed to clarify their biological relationships. We assume that groups' geographical distances correlate with genetic and, therefore, morphological distances between them. MATERIALS AND METHODS Material includes complete male crania from several Mesolithic and Neolithic burial sites across Northern Eurasia and from several modern populations. Geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistical techniques are applied to explore morphological trends, group distances, and correlations with their geographical position, climate, and the time of origin. RESULTS Despite an overlap in the morphology among the modern and archeological groups, some of them show significant morphological distances. Geographical parameters account for only a small proportion of cranial variation in the sample, with larger variance explained by geography and age together. Expectations of isolation by distance are met in some but not in all cases. Climate accounts for a large proportion of autocorrelation with geography. Nearest-neighbor joining trees demonstrate group relationships predicted by the regression on geography and on climate. DISCUSSION The obtained results are discussed in application to relationships between particular groups. Unlike the Ukrainian Mesolithic, the Yuzhny Oleni Ostrov Mesolithic displays a high morphological affinity with several groups from Northern Eurasia of both European and Asian origin. A possibility of a common substrate for the Yuzhny Oleni Ostrov Mesolithic and Siberian Neolithic groups is reviewed. The Siberian Neolithic is shown to have morphological connection with both modern Siberian groups and the Native North Americans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Rasskasova
- Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 125009, Russia
| | - Natalia Berezina
- Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 125009, Russia
| | - Andrei D Soficaru
- Francis J. Rainer Institute of Anthropology, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, 050474, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Herrera B, Peart D, Hernandez N, Spradley K, Hubbe M. Morphological variation among late holocene Mexicans: Implications for discussions about the human occupation of the Americas. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 163:75-84. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brianne Herrera
- Department of Anthropology; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
| | - Daniel Peart
- Department of Anthropology; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
| | - Nicole Hernandez
- Department of Anthropology; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
| | - Kate Spradley
- Department of Anthropology; Texas State University; San Marcos Texas
| | - Mark Hubbe
- Department of Anthropology; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
- Instituto de Arqueología y Antropología; Universidad Católica del Norte; Chile
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
von Cramon-Taubadel N, Strauss A, Hubbe M. Evolutionary population history of early Paleoamerican cranial morphology. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602289. [PMID: 28261661 PMCID: PMC5321447 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The nature and timing of the peopling of the Americas is a subject of intense debate. In particular, it is unclear whether high levels of between-group craniometric diversity in South America result from multiple migrations or from local diversification processes. Previous attempts to explain this diversity have largely focused on testing alternative dispersal or gene flow models, reaching conflicting or inconclusive results. Here, a novel analytical framework is applied to three-dimensional geometric morphometric data to partition the effects of population divergence from geographically mediated gene flow to understand the ancestry of the early South Americans in the context of global human history. The results show that Paleoamericans share a last common ancestor with contemporary Native American groups outside, rather than inside, the Americas. Therefore, and in accordance with some recent genomic studies, craniometric data suggest that the New World was populated by multiple waves of dispersion from northeast Asia throughout the late Pleistocene and early Holocene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noreen von Cramon-Taubadel
- Buffalo Human Evolutionary Morphology Lab, Department of Anthropology, University at Buffalo, 380 MFAC, Ellicott Complex, Buffalo, NY 14261, USA
| | - André Strauss
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Tübingen D-72070, Germany
| | - Mark Hubbe
- Instituto de Arqueología y Antropología, Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile
- Department of Anthropology, Ohio State University, 4048 Smith Laboratory, 174 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Morphological change in cranial shape following the transition to agriculture across western Eurasia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33316. [PMID: 27622425 PMCID: PMC5020731 DOI: 10.1038/srep33316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Neolithic transition brought about fundamental social, dietary and behavioural changes in human populations, which, in turn, impacted skeletal morphology. Crania are shaped through diverse genetic, ontogenetic and environmental factors, reflecting various elements of an individual’s life. To determine the transition’s effect on cranial morphology, we investigated its potential impact on the face and vault, two elements potentially responding to different influences. Three datasets from geographically distant regions (Ukraine, Iberia, and the Levant plus Anatolia) were analysed. Craniometric measurements were used to compare the morphology of pre-transition populations with that of agricultural populations. The Neolithic transition corresponds to a statistically significant increase only in cranial breadth of the Ukrainian vaults, while facial morphology shows no consistent transformations, despite expected changes related to the modification of masticatory behaviour. The broadening of Ukrainian vaults may be attributable to dietary and/or social changes. However, the lack of change observed in the other geographical regions and the lack of consistent change in facial morphology are surprising. Although the transition from foraging to farming is a process that took place repeatedly across the globe, different characteristics of transitions seem responsible for idiosyncratic responses in cranial morphology.
Collapse
|
12
|
Galland M, Friess M. A three-dimensional geometric morphometrics view of the cranial shape variation and population history in the New World. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 28:646-61. [PMID: 26924543 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Craniofacial variation in past and present Amerindians has been attributed to the effect of multiple founder events, or to one major migration followed by in situ differentiation and possibly recurrent contacts among Circum-Arctic groups. Our study aims to: (i) detect morphological differences that may indicate several migrations; (ii) test for the presence of genetic isolation; and (iii) test the correlation between shape data and competing settlement hypotheses by taking into account geography, chronology, climate effects, the presence of genetic isolation and recurrent gene flow. METHODS We analyzed a large sample of three-dimensional (3D) cranial surface scans (803 specimens) including past and modern groups from America and Australasia. Shape variation was investigated using geometric morphometrics. Differential external gene flow was evaluated by applying genetic concepts to morphometric data (Relethford-Blangero approach). Settlement hypotheses were tested using a matrix correlation approach (Mantel tests). RESULTS Our results highlight the strong dichotomy between Circum-Arctic and continental Amerindians as well as the impact of climate adaptation, and possibly recurrent gene flow in the Circum-Arctic area. There is also evidence for the impact of genetic isolation on phenetic variation in Baja California. Several settlement hypotheses are correlated with our data. CONCLUSIONS The three approaches used in this study highlight the importance of local processes especially in Baja California, and caution against the use of overly simplistic models when searching for the number of migration events. The results stress the complexity of the settlement of the Americas as well as the mosaic nature of the processes involved in this process. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:646-661, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Galland
- School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Département Hommes, Natures, Sociétés & UMR 7206, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France.
| | - Martin Friess
- Département Hommes, Natures, Sociétés & UMR 7206, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Katz DC, Grote MN, Weaver TD. A mixed model for the relationship between climate and human cranial form. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 160:593-603. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Katz
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavis CA95616
| | - Mark N. Grote
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavis CA95616
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Early South Americans Cranial Morphological Variation and the Origin of American Biological Diversity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138090. [PMID: 26465141 PMCID: PMC4605489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent South Americans have been described as presenting high regional cranial morphological diversity when compared to other regions of the world. This high diversity is in accordance with linguistic and some of the molecular data currently available for the continent, but the origin of this diversity has not been satisfactorily explained yet. Here we explore if this high morphological variation was already present among early groups in South America, in order to refine our knowledge about the timing and origins of the modern morphological diversity. Between-group (Fst estimates) and within-group variances (trace of within-group covariance matrix) of the only two early American population samples available to date (Lagoa Santa and Sabana de Bogotá) were estimated based on linear craniometric measurements and compared to modern human cranial series representing six regions of the world, including the Americas. The results show that early Americans present moderate within-group diversity, falling well within the range of modern human groups, despite representing almost three thousand years of human occupation. The between-group variance apportionment is very low between early Americans, but is high among recent South American groups, who show values similar to the ones observed on a global scale. Although limited to only two early South American series, these results suggest that the high morphological diversity of native South Americans was not present among the first human groups arriving in the continent and must have originated during the Middle Holocene, possibly due to the arrival of new morphological diversity coming from Asia during the Holocene.
Collapse
|
15
|
de Azevedo S, Bortolini MC, Bonatto SL, Hünemeier T, Santos FR, González-José R. Ancient remains and the first peopling of the Americas: Reassessing the Hoyo Negro skull. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 158:514-21. [PMID: 26174009 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A noticeably well-preserved ∼12.500 years-old skeleton from the Hoyo Negro cave, Yucatán, México, was recently reported, along with its archaeological, genetic and skeletal characteristics. Based exclusively on an anatomical description of the skull (HN5/48), Chatters and colleagues stated that this specimen can be assigned to a set of ancient remains that differ from modern Native Americans, the so called "Paleoamericans". Here, we aim to further explore the morphological affinities of this specimen with a set of comparative cranial samples covering ancient and modern periods from Asia and the Americas. METHODS Images published in the original article were analyzed using geometric morphometrics methods. Shape variables were used to perform Principal Component and Discriminant analysis against the reference samples. RESULTS Even thought the Principal Component Analysis suggests that the Hoyo Negro skull falls in a subregion of the morphospace occupied by both "Paleoamericans" and some modern Native Americans, the Discriminant analyses suggest greater affinity with a modern Native American sample. DISCUSSION These results reinforce the idea that the original population that first occupied the New World carried high levels of within-group variation, which we have suggested previously on a synthetic model for the settlement of the Americas. Our results also highlight the importance of developing formal classificatory test before deriving settlement hypothesis purely based on macroscopic descriptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soledad de Azevedo
- Centro Nacional Patagónico, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bvd. Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Maria C Bortolini
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandro L Bonatto
- Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga 6681, 90610-001, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tábita Hünemeier
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabrício R Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-910, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rolando González-José
- Centro Nacional Patagónico, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bvd. Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Strauss A, Hubbe M, Neves WA, Bernardo DV, Atuí JPV. The cranial morphology of the Botocudo Indians, Brazil. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 157:202-16. [PMID: 25663638 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The Botocudo Indians were hunter-gatherer groups that occupied the East-Central regions of Brazil decimated during the colonial period in the country. During the 19th century, craniometric studies suggested that the Botocudo resembled more the Paleoamerican population of Lagoa Santa than typical Native Americans groups. These results suggest that the Botocudo Indians might represent a population that retained the biological characteristics of early groups of the continent, remaining largely isolated from groups that gave origin to the modern Native South American variation. Moreover, recently, some of the Botocudo remains have been shown to have mitochondrial and autosomal DNA lineages currently found in Polynesian populations. Here, we explore the morphological affinities of Botocudo skulls within a worldwide context. Distinct multivariate analyses based on 32 craniometric variables show that 1) the two individuals with Polynesian DNA sequences have morphological characteristics that fall within the Polynesian and Botocudo variation, making their assignation as Native American specimens problematic, and 2) there are high morphological affinities between Botocudo, Early Americans, and the Polynesian series of Easter Island, which support the early observations that the Botocudo can be seen as retaining the Paleoamerican morphology, particularly when the neurocranium is considered. Although these results do not elucidate the origin of the Polynesian DNA lineages among the Botocudo, they support the hypothesis that the Botocudo represent a case of late survival of ancient Paleoamerican populations, retaining the morphological characteristics of ancestral Late Pleistocene populations from Asia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Strauss
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mark Hubbe
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo, Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile
| | - Walter A Neves
- Laboratório de Estudos Evolutivos Humanos, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo V Bernardo
- Instituto de Ciências Humanas e da Informação, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - João Paulo V Atuí
- Laboratório de Estudos Evolutivos Humanos, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hubbe M, Okumura M, Bernardo DV, Neves WA. Cranial morphological diversity of early, middle, and late Holocene Brazilian groups: Implications for human dispersion in Brazil. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 155:546-58. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hubbe
- Department of Anthropology; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH
- Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo; Universidad Católica del Norte; Chile
| | - Mercedes Okumura
- Departamento de Antropologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brazil
| | - Danilo V. Bernardo
- Laboratório de Estudos Evolutivos Humanos, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; Brazil
- Área de Arqueologia e Antropologia, Instituto de Ciências Humanas e da Informação, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; Rio Grande Brazil
| | - Walter A. Neves
- Laboratório de Estudos Evolutivos Humanos, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Betti L, von Cramon-Taubadel N, Manica A, Lycett SJ. Global geometric morphometric analyses of the human pelvis reveal substantial neutral population history effects, even across sexes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55909. [PMID: 23409086 PMCID: PMC3567032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent applications of population genetic models to human craniodental traits have revealed a strong neutral component to patterns of global variation. However, little work has been undertaken to determine whether neutral processes might also be influencing the postcranium, perhaps due to substantial evidence for selection and plastic environmental responses in these regions. Recent work has provided evidence for neutral effects in the pelvis, but has been limited in regard to shape data (small numbers of linear measurements) and restricted only to males. Here, we use geometric morphometric methods to examine population variation in the human os coxae (pelvic bone) in both males and females. Neutrality is examined via apportionment of variance patterns and fit to an Out-of-Africa serial founder effect model, which is known to structure neutral genetic patterns. Moreover, we compare males and females directly, and the true versus false pelvis, in order to examine potential obstetrical effects. Our results indicate evidence for substantial neutral population history effects on pelvic shape variation. They also reveal evidence for the effect of obstetrical constraints, but these affect males and females to equivalent extents. Our results do not deny an important role for selection in regard to specific aspects of human pelvic variation, especially in terms of features associated with body size and proportions. However, our analyses demonstrate that at a global level, the shape of the os coxae reveals substantial evidence for neutral variation. Our analyses thus indicate that population variation in the human pelvis might be used to address important questions concerning population history, just as the human cranium has done.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lia Betti
- Department of Anthropology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gómez-Valdés J, Hünemeier T, Quinto-Sánchez M, Paschetta C, de Azevedo S, González MF, Martínez-Abadías N, Esparza M, Pucciarelli HM, Salzano FM, Bau CHD, Bortolini MC, González-José R. Lack of support for the association between facial shape and aggression: a reappraisal based on a worldwide population genetics perspective. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52317. [PMID: 23326328 PMCID: PMC3541377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisocial and criminal behaviors are multifactorial traits whose interpretation relies on multiple disciplines. Since these interpretations may have social, moral and legal implications, a constant review of the evidence is necessary before any scientific claim is considered as truth. A recent study proposed that men with wider faces relative to facial height (fWHR) are more likely to develop unethical behaviour mediated by a psychological sense of power. This research was based on reports suggesting that sexual dimorphism and selection would be responsible for a correlation between fWHR and aggression. Here we show that 4,960 individuals from 94 modern human populations belonging to a vast array of genetic and cultural contexts do not display significant amounts of fWHR sexual dimorphism. Further analyses using populations with associated ethnographical records as well as samples of male prisoners of the Mexico City Federal Penitentiary condemned by crimes of variable level of inter-personal aggression (homicide, robbery, and minor faults) did not show significant evidence, suggesting that populations/individuals with higher levels of bellicosity, aggressive behaviour, or power-mediated behaviour display greater fWHR. Finally, a regression analysis of fWHR on individual's fitness showed no significant correlation between this facial trait and reproductive success. Overall, our results suggest that facial attributes are poor predictors of aggressive behaviour, or at least, that sexual selection was weak enough to leave a signal on patterns of between- and within-sex and population facial variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gómez-Valdés
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Tábita Hünemeier
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mirsha Quinto-Sánchez
- Centro Nacional Patagónico, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Carolina Paschetta
- Centro Nacional Patagónico, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Soledad de Azevedo
- Centro Nacional Patagónico, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Marina F. González
- Centro Nacional Patagónico, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Neus Martínez-Abadías
- EMBL-CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Center for Genomic Regulation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Esparza
- Secció d'Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Héctor M. Pucciarelli
- División Antropología del Museo de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Francisco M. Salzano
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Claiton H. D. Bau
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Cátira Bortolini
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rolando González-José
- Centro Nacional Patagónico, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Regueiro M, Alvarez J, Rowold D, Herrera RJ. On the origins, rapid expansion and genetic diversity of Native Americans from hunting-gatherers to agriculturalists. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 150:333-48. [PMID: 23283701 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Given the importance of Y-chromosome haplogroup Q to better understand the source populations of contemporary Native Americans, we studied 8 biallelic and 17 microsatellite polymorphisms on the background of 128 Q Y-chromosomes from geographically targeted populations. The populations examined in this study include three from the Tuva Republic in Central Asia (Bai-Tai, Kungurtug, and Toora-Hem, n = 146), two from the northeastern tip of Siberia (New Chaplino and Chukchi, n = 32), and two from Mesoamerica (Mayans from Yucatan, Mexico n = 72, and Mayans from the Guatemalan Highlands, n = 43). We also see evidence of a dramatic Mesoamerican post-migration population growth in the ubiquitous and diverse Y-STR profiles of the Mayan and other Mesoamerican populations. In the case of the Mayans, this demographic growth was most likely fueled by the agricultural- and trade-based subsistence adopted during the Pre-Classic, Classic and Post-Classic periods of their empire. The limited diversity levels observed in the Altaian and Tuvinian regions of Central Asia, the lowest of all populations examined, may be the consequence of bottleneck events fostered by the spatial isolation and low effective population size characteristic of a nomadic lifestyle. Furthermore, our data illustrate how a sociocultural characteristic such as mode of subsistence may be of impact on the genetic structure of populations. We analyzed our genetic data using Multidimensional Scaling Analysis of populations, Principal Component Analysis of individuals, Median-joining networks of M242, M346, L54, and M3 individuals, age estimations based on microsatellite variation utilizing genealogical and evolutionary mutation rates/generation times and estimation of Y- STR average gene diversity indices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Regueiro
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The peopling of the Americas has been the subject of extensive genetic, archaeological and linguistic research; however, central questions remain unresolved1–5. One contentious issue is whether the settlement occurred via a single6–8 or multiple streams of migration from Siberia9–15. The pattern of dispersals within the Americas is also poorly understood. To address these questions at higher resolution than was previously possible, we assembled data from 52 Native American and 17 Siberian groups genotyped at 364,470 single nucleotide polymorphisms. We show that Native Americans descend from at least three streams of Asian gene flow. Most descend entirely from a single ancestral population that we call “First American”. However, speakers of Eskimo-Aleut languages from the Arctic inherit almost half their ancestry from a second stream of Asian gene flow, and the Na-Dene-speaking Chipewyan from Canada inherit roughly one-tenth of their ancestry from a third stream. We show that the initial peopling followed a southward expansion facilitated by the coast, with sequential population splits and little gene flow after divergence, especially in South America. A major exception is in Chibchan-speakers on both sides of the Panama Isthmus, who have ancestry from both North and South America.
Collapse
|