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Xie PZ, Fan YX, Chapman C, Ma C, Wu CF, Hu P, Hu LL, Fan PF. Determinants of macaques' space use: A test for the ecological constraints model using GPS collars. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23636. [PMID: 38824636 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
As a central topic in Behavioral Ecology, animal space use involves dynamic responses to social and ecological factors. We collared 22 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) from six groups on Neilingding Island, China, and collected 80,625 hourly fixes over a year. Using this high-resolution location data set, we quantified the macaques' space use at the individual level and tested the ecological constraints model while considering various environmental and human interfering factors. As predicted by the ecological constraints model, macaques in larger groups had longer daily path lengths (DPLs) and larger home ranges. We found an inverted U-shape relationship between mean daily temperatures and DPLs, indicating that macaques traveled farther on mild temperature days, while they decreased DPLs when temperatures were too high or too low. Anthropogenic food subsidies were positively correlated to DPLs, while the effect of rainfall was negative. Macaques decreased their DPLs and core areas when more flowers and less leaves were available, suggesting that macaques shifted their space use patterns to adapt to the seasonal differences in food resources. By applying GPS collars on a large number of individuals living on a small island, we gained valuable insights into within-group exploitation competition in wild rhesus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Zhen Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Colin Chapman
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Chi Ma
- College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali university, Dali, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Neilingding-Futian National Nature Reserve of Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liu-Liu Hu
- Neilingding-Futian National Nature Reserve of Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng-Fei Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Zonato A, Gagliardo A, Bandoli F, Palagi E. Reaching versus catching: flexible hand preference in ring-tailed lemurs. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2022.2098382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zonato
- Unit of Ethology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Gagliardo
- Unit of Ethology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Palagi
- Unit of Ethology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Water Availability Impacts Habitat Use by Red-Fronted Lemurs (Eulemur rufifrons): An Experimental and Observational Study. INT J PRIMATOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-020-00136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gould L, Cowen LLE. Lemur catta in small forest fragments: Which variables best predict population viability? Am J Primatol 2020; 82:e23095. [PMID: 32003047 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation is an increasingly serious issue affecting primates in most regions where they are found today. Populations of Lemur catta (ring-tailed lemur) in Madagascar's south-central region are increasingly restricted to small, isolated forest fragments, surrounded by grasslands or small-scale agriculture. Our aim was to evaluate the potential for population viability of L. catta in nine forest fragments of varying sizes (2-46 ha, population range: 6-210 animals) in south-central Madagascar, using a set of comparative, quantitative ecological measures. We used Poisson regression models with a log link function to examine the effects of fragment size, within-fragment food availability, and abundance of matrix resources (food and water sources) on L. catta population sizes and juvenile recruitment. We found a strong association between overall population size and (a) fragment size and (b) abundance of key food resources Melia azedarach and Ficus spp. (per 100 m along transect lines). Juvenile recruitment was also associated with fragment size and abundance of the two above-mentioned food resources. When the largest population, an outlier, was removed from the analysis, again, the model containing fragment size and abundance of M. azedarach and Ficus spp. was the best fitting, but the model that best predicted juvenile recruitment contained only fragment size. While our results are useful for predicting population presence and possible persistence in these fragments, both the potential for male dispersal and the extent of human disturbance within most fragments play crucial roles regarding the likelihood of long-term L. catta survival. While seven of the nine fragments were reasonably protected from human disturbance, only three offered the strong potential for male dispersal, thus the long-term viability of many of these populations is highly uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gould
- Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura L E Cowen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Mekonnen A, Fashing PJ, Bekele A, Stenseth NC. Use of cultivated foods and matrix habitat by Bale monkeys in forest fragments: Assessing local human attitudes and perceptions. Am J Primatol 2019; 82:e23074. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Addisu Mekonnen
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Zoological Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Peter J. Fashing
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Anthropology and Environmental Studies Program California State University Fullerton Fullerton California
| | - Afework Bekele
- Department of Zoological Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Nils Chr. Stenseth
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Zoological Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia
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Gabriel DN, Gould L, Cook S. Crowding as a primary source of stress in an endangered fragment-dwelling strepsirrhine primate. Anim Conserv 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. N. Gabriel
- Departments of Anthropology and Biology; University of Victoria; Victoria BC Canada
| | - L. Gould
- Department of Anthropology; University of Victoria; Victoria BC Canada
| | - S. Cook
- Veterinary Biomedical Sciences; Western College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
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Mekonnen A, Fashing PJ, Bekele A, Hernandez-Aguilar RA, Rueness EK, Nguyen N, Stenseth NC. Impacts of habitat loss and fragmentation on the activity budget, ranging ecology and habitat use of Bale monkeys (Chlorocebus djamdjamensis
) in the southern Ethiopian Highlands. Am J Primatol 2017; 79. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Addisu Mekonnen
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences; University of Oslo; Blindern Oslo Norway
- Department of Zoological Sciences; Addis Ababa University; Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Peter J. Fashing
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences; University of Oslo; Blindern Oslo Norway
- Department of Anthropology and Environmental Studies Program; California State University Fullerton; Fullerton California
| | - Afework Bekele
- Department of Zoological Sciences; Addis Ababa University; Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - R. Adriana Hernandez-Aguilar
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences; University of Oslo; Blindern Oslo Norway
| | - Eli K. Rueness
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences; University of Oslo; Blindern Oslo Norway
| | - Nga Nguyen
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences; University of Oslo; Blindern Oslo Norway
- Department of Anthropology and Environmental Studies Program; California State University Fullerton; Fullerton California
| | - Nils Chr. Stenseth
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences; University of Oslo; Blindern Oslo Norway
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Mechanical food properties and dental topography differentiate three populations of Lemur catta in southwest Madagascar. J Hum Evol 2016; 98:66-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kittler K, Dietzel S. Female infanticide and female-directed lethal targeted aggression in a group
of ring-tailed lemurs (<i>Lemur catta</i>). Primate Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.5194/pb-3-41-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. We report on extremely rare events of lethal aggression in a semi-captive group of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) during the birth season 2014. This aggression was targeted against the two highest-ranking females. It led to their eviction from the group and following a final aggressive interaction four days later to their deaths caused by almost all the females and probably even two males of their former group. These events of targeted aggression erupted initially following an infanticide by the highest-ranking female directed at the offspring of a subordinate. Even for ring-tailed lemurs this is a very special case of changeover of power between two different matrilines in a group. In accordance with other studies we suggest that these events of targeted aggression were based on the growing group size and were acts of female reproductive competition during birth season. With the intensity of the events we add new aspects to the existing knowledge of aggressive interactions in ring-tailed lemurs.
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Tan AWY, Luncz L, Haslam M, Malaivijitnond S, Gumert MD. Complex processing of prickly pear cactus (Opuntia sp.) by free-ranging long-tailed macaques: preliminary analysis for hierarchical organisation. Primates 2016; 57:141-7. [PMID: 26921023 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-016-0525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Complex food-processing techniques by gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans have allowed comparisons of complex hierarchical cognition between great apes and humans. Here, we analyse preliminary observations of free-ranging long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) (n = 3) in Thailand processing Opuntia sp. cactus fruits. From our observations, we suggest that there is potential to extend the analyses of hierarchical cognition to Old World monkeys. We found that the macaques used six behavioural sequences to obtain Opuntia fruits, remove irritant hairs from the skin of the fruits, and break open, and consume the fruits, each a unique combination of 17 action elements. Removing irritant hairs involved abrading fruits on a sand or rock substrate, and washing fruit in water. The behavioural sequences that macaques use to process Opuntia potentially show features of hierarchical organisation described in the leaf-processing behaviours of great apes. Our observations highlight the need for closer study of complex food-processing behaviour in monkeys to better understand the organisational capacities involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda W Y Tan
- Division of Psychology, School of Humaninities and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637332, Singapore.
| | - Lydia Luncz
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Michael Haslam
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Suchinda Malaivijitnond
- Primate Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Michael D Gumert
- Division of Psychology, School of Humaninities and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637332, Singapore
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
- Primate Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Kelley EA, Jablonski NG, Chaplin G, Sussman RW, Kamilar JM. Behavioral thermoregulation in Lemur catta: The significance of sunning and huddling behaviors. Am J Primatol 2016; 78:745-54. [PMID: 26890578 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of body temperature poses significant problems for organisms that inhabit environments with extreme and seasonally fluctuating ambient temperatures. To help alleviate the energetic costs of autonomic responses, these organisms often thermoregulate through behavioral mechanisms. Among primates, lemurs in Madagascar experience uncharacteristically seasonal and unpredictable climates relative to other primate-rich regions. Malagasy primates are physiologically flexible, but different species use different mechanisms to influence their body temperatures. Lemur catta, the ring-tailed lemur, experiences particularly acute diurnal temperature fluctuations in its mostly open-canopy habitat in south and southwest Madagascar. Ring-tailed lemurs are also atypical among lemurs in that they appear to use both sun basking postures and huddling to maintain body temperature when ambient temperatures are cold. To our knowledge, however, no one has systematically tested whether these behaviors function in thermoregulation. We present evidence that ring-tailed lemurs use these postures as behavioral thermoregulation strategies, and that different environmental variables are associated with the use of each posture. Major predictors of sunning included ambient temperature, time of day, and season. Specifically, L. catta consistently assumed sunning postures early after daybreak when ambient temperatures were <13°C, and ceased sunning around 10:00a.m., after ambient temperatures approached 26°C. Sunning occurred more often during austral winter months. Huddling was associated with time of day, but not with ambient temperature or season. We conclude that L. catta tend to sun, rather than huddle, under cold weather conditions when sunning is possible. However, both sunning and huddling are important behavioral adaptations of L. catta that augment chemical thermoregulation and the absence of a dynamic, insulating pelage. Sunning and huddling help to account for the great ecological flexibility of the species, but these adaptations may be insufficient in the face of future changes in protective vegetation and temperature. Am. J. Primatol. 78:745-754, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Kelley
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Nina G Jablonski
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study [STIAS], Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - George Chaplin
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study [STIAS], Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Robert W Sussman
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Jason M Kamilar
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts.,Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
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12
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Gould L, Gabriel DN. Wet and dry season diets of the EndangeredLemur catta(ring-tailed lemur) in two mountainous rocky outcrop forest fragments in south-central Madagascar. Afr J Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gould
- Department of Anthropology; University of Victoria; Victoria BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
| | - Denise N. Gabriel
- Life Sciences Department; Quest University; Squamish BC V8B 0N8 Canada
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13
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Gardiner RZ, Doran E, Strickland K, Carpenter-Bundhoo L, Frère C. A face in the crowd: a non-invasive and cost effective photo-identification methodology to understand the fine scale movement of eastern water dragons. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96992. [PMID: 24835073 PMCID: PMC4024003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectothermic vertebrates face many challenges of thermoregulation. Many species rely on behavioral thermoregulation and move within their landscape to maintain homeostasis. Understanding the fine-scale nature of this regulation through tracking techniques can provide a better understanding of the relationships between such species and their dynamic environments. The use of animal tracking and telemetry technology has allowed the extensive collection of such data which has enabled us to better understand the ways animals move within their landscape. However, such technologies do not come without certain costs: they are generally invasive, relatively expensive, can be too heavy for small sized animals and unreliable in certain habitats. This study provides a cost-effective and non-invasive method through photo-identification, to determine fine scale movements of individuals. With our methodology, we have been able to find that male eastern water dragons (Intellagama leuseurii) have home ranges one and a half times larger than those of females. Furthermore, we found intraspecific differences in the size of home ranges depending on the time of the day. Lastly, we found that location mostly influenced females' home ranges, but not males and discuss why this may be so. Overall, we provide valuable information regarding the ecology of the eastern water dragon, but most importantly demonstrate that non-invasive photo-identification can be successfully applied to the study of reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riana Zanarivero Gardiner
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | - Erik Doran
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kasha Strickland
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | - Luke Carpenter-Bundhoo
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Falmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Frère
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Campera M, Serra V, Balestri M, Barresi M, Ravaolahy M, Randriatafika F, Donati G. Effects of Habitat Quality and Seasonality on Ranging Patterns of Collared Brown Lemur (Eulemur collaris) in Littoral Forest Fragments. INT J PRIMATOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-014-9780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Habitat Use and Activity Patterns as an Indication of Fragment Quality in a Strepsirrhine Primate. INT J PRIMATOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-013-9668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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