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Ostrum B, Gröcke DR, Montgomery J. A comparison of dietary isotopes in pulp stones and incremental dentine from Early Neolithic individuals of the Whitwell Long Cairn, England. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9306901 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study investigates if palaeodietary information can be obtained from pulp stones through stable isotope analysis, presents a method for their extraction from tooth samples, and assesses their utility as a source of paleodietary information when coupled with the incremental dentine method. Materials and Methods Six tooth samples (2 per individual), four of which contained pulp stones, were selected from three Early Neolithic (3720–3650 cal BC) individuals from the Whitwell Long Cairn in Derbyshire, England. After demineralization, each tooth was divided into 1 mm increments. Stable isotope analysis of collagen was conducted on each dentine increment and a portion of each pulp stone. Results All samples met the quality control criteria for well‐preserved collagen. Excluding the pulp stones, the mean δ13C value of the teeth sampled was −21.5 ± 0.2‰ and the mean δ15N value was 9.9 ± 0.5‰, suggesting these individuals had a terrestrial‐based diet. The pulp stones produced similar δ13C values between −21.6 and −21.4‰ and δ15N values between 9.1 and 9.8‰. Discussion The results demonstrate that paleodietary information can be obtained from pulp stones through stable isotope analysis. There are, however, significant challenges in interpreting this data, particularly as to inferring the timing and duration of their formation. The pulp stone results were compared with the incremental dentine profiles for each person to further investigate when they might have formed. For two individuals, the pulp stones appear to reflect diet from a time period after childhood and adolescence. For the third individual, it could not be determined if the pulp stones reflect a contemporary or later time period than the incremental dentine series. All teeth with pulp stones have moderate to severe wear on the occlusal surface, which could have been a contributing factor to their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Ostrum
- Department of Archaeology Durham University Durham UK
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SÖNMEZ KAPLAN S, KAPLAN T, SEZGİN G. Assessment of the frequency and correlation of carotid artery calcifications and pulp stones with idiopathic osteosclerosis using digital panoramic radiographs. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.841006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Nicklisch N, Schierz O, Enzmann F, Knipper C, Held P, Vach W, Dresely V, Meller H, Friederich S, Alt KW. Dental pulp calcifications in prehistoric and historical skeletal remains. Ann Anat 2021; 235:151675. [PMID: 33515689 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of hard tissue formations in the dental pulp varies considerably. Beside ageing processes and irritations of the dental pulp, etiological associations with cardiovascular disease and dietary habits have been discussed, which are of particular research interest. The aim of this pilot study is to provide new insights on structural and etiological factors involved in the development of pulp calcifications by investigating skeletal remains from different (pre)historic periods. METHODS The jaws of 46 skeletons excavated in central Germany, were examined for the presence of pulp stones using digital volume tomography (DVT). A total of 1122 teeth were examined with all tooth types considered. To obtain information about the three-dimensional structure of pulp calcifications, micro-CT images were taken. Thin sections of three molars were histologically analysed. Potential dietary effects were studied by analysing stable isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ15N) in bone samples collected from each individual. RESULTS The analysis indicates that pulp stones affect molars in particular and increase slightly with age and dental wear. The micro-CT scans and the histological analysis show that the structures are much more complex than presumed on the basis of DVT imaging. Individuals with lower δ15N-isotope values and thus with a potentially lower proportion of animal protein in their diet appear to be less affected by pulp stones. CONCLUSION When comparing between archaeological and recent data, DVT analysis provides qualitatively comparable results. Micro-CT and histological images illustrate the excellent preservation of pulp calcifications and their complex structure. Differences in prevalence rates and δ15N-isotope values of Neolithic and historical individuals support the assumption that dietary habits and living conditions could have an influence on the development of pulp calcifications. Due to the small sample size these results require further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Nicklisch
- Danube Private University, Förthofstraße 2, 3500 Krems-Stein, Austria.
| | - Oliver Schierz
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Materials Science, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Frieder Enzmann
- Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 21, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Corina Knipper
- Curt Engelhorn Centre Archaeometry gGmbH, D6, 3, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Petra Held
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany.
| | - Werner Vach
- Institute of Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, Spalenring 145, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Veit Dresely
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt - State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner-Str. 9, 06114 Halle [Saale], Germany.
| | - Harald Meller
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt - State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner-Str. 9, 06114 Halle [Saale], Germany.
| | - Susanne Friederich
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt - State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner-Str. 9, 06114 Halle [Saale], Germany.
| | - Kurt W Alt
- Danube Private University, Förthofstraße 2, 3500 Krems-Stein, Austria; Institute of Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, Spalenring 145, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
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Rusu MC, Săndulescu M, Stoenescu MD. Nestin and dental pulp stones - a case report-driven hypothesis. Morphologie 2021; 106:56-60. [PMID: 33485781 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) with multilineage potential of differentiation. Different studies investigated dental pulp stones (PS), the calcified masses in the dental pulp, in regard to their prevalence, topography and structure. The etiology of PS is still unclear and, to our knowledge, the DPSCs were not attributed yet specific roles in PS formation. We report here an immunohistochemical study of a PS-embedding dental pulp from an impacted third mandibular molar of an adult patient, in which we used antibodies against CD34, Ki67, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and nestin. While endothelial cells expressed CD34 and pericytes or vascular smooth muscle cells expressed α-SMA, DPSCs and the osteoblasts coating the PS were exclusively labeled with nestin antibody. Stromal networks of nestin-expressing DPSCs were regarded as in situ providers of osteogenic progenitors involved in PS formation. Further experimental studies, with larger lots of tissue samples, as well as extended panels of markers, are needed in order to elucidate the DPSC hypothesis in the PS etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Rusu
- Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - M Săndulescu
- Division of Implant Prosthetic Therapy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - M D Stoenescu
- Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
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Milcent CPF, da Silva TG, Baika LM, Grassi MT, Carneiro E, Franco A, de Lima AAS. Morphologic, Structural, and Chemical Properties of Pulp Stones in Extracted Human Teeth. J Endod 2020; 45:1504-1512. [PMID: 31757339 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulp stones are mineral structures that develop in the pulp tissue triggered by several clinical conditions. The exact biochemical process behind the occurrence of pulp stones is uncertain. This study aimed to perform a structural and crystallographic characterization of pulp stones and dentin from extracted human teeth. METHODS The sample consisted of 13 erupted and unerupted permanent human teeth diagnosed with pulp stones. The teeth were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy with secondary and backscattered electrons, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, micro-X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. RESULTS The pulp stones revealed a heterogeneous morphology and structure compared with each other. Compared with the adjacent dentin, the pulp stones had a similar structure. From a chemical point of view, oxygen, calcium, carbon, and phosphorus were the most prevalent chemical elements in the inner part of the stones, whereas on the surface carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, aluminum, potassium, zinc, copper, and lead were the most prevalent. Copper, iron, and zinc were higher in the stones than the dentin (P < .05). Statistically significant differences between the chemical structure of stones from erupted and unerupted teeth were not detected (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Pulp stones have structural and chemical properties that are similar to dentin. Variations in morphology are common.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Gomes da Silva
- Department of Mechanic Engineering, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Loana Mara Baika
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marco Tadeu Grassi
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Everdan Carneiro
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ademir Franco
- Division of Oral Radiology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil; Department of Therapeutic Stomatology, Institute of Dentistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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Jannati R, Afshari M, Moosazadeh M, Allahgholipour SZ, Eidy M, Hajihoseini M. Prevalence of pulp stones: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Evid Based Med 2019; 12:133-139. [PMID: 30461204 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During the last years, different prevalences of dental pulps had been reported from different parts of the world. Combining these original estimates will provide useful information for policymaking in the field of health, treatment and research. This study aims to estimate the global prevalence of pulp stones. METHODS Electronic databanks such as PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, Cochrane, and also Google scholar motor engine were searched by 2 researchers using related keywords. The heterogeneity between the results was assessed using Cochrane and I2 indices. The initial estimates were represented by forest plot and were combined according to random effects models. Factors responsible for heterogeneity were investigated using meta-regression models, and studies responsible for heterogeneity were assessed following sensitivity analysis. RESULTS Prevalence of pulp stones had been reported in 16 studies including 14 093 subjects. The pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) of pulp stones among the total population, men and women were estimated as of 36.53% (27.17-45.88), 32.58% (24-41.15), and 39.23% (28.73-49.73), respectively. In addition, of 193 687 teeth investigated during the primary studies, 9.57% (95% confidence interval: 7.05-12.08) were affected by pulp stones. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis shows a considerable prevalence of pulp stones, especially among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Jannati
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Afshari
- Department of Community Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Milad Eidy
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hajihoseini
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Sheridan SG. Bioarchaeology in the ancientNearEast: Challenges and future directions for the southern Levant. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 162 Suppl 63:110-152. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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da Silva EJNL, Prado MC, Queiroz PM, Nejaim Y, Brasil DM, Groppo FC, Haiter-Neto F. Assessing pulp stones by cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:2327-2333. [PMID: 27942985 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-2027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of pulp stones by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to correlate their prevalence with patient's gender, location of tooth (right or left of maxillary or mandibular arch), group of teeth, and restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS CBCT images of 382 patients randomly selected from the database of the University Oral Radiology Department were retrospectively examined. A total of 2833 tooth images obtained using the i-CAT 3D Imaging System were evaluated. Image analysis was performed with the i-CAT software, and all teeth were evaluated in sagittal, axial, and coronal views. All the measurements were subjected to chi square test, odds ratio, and Fisher's exact tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS The prevalence of pulp stones was similar between patient's genders and tooth locations. Pulp stones were detected in 31.9% of patients and 9.5% of teeth. Maxillary and mandibular molars were the groups of teeth with the highest frequency of pulp stones. The presence of restorations increased the chance of occurrence of pulp stones by 2.1 times in all teeth examined (p < 0.0001) and by 4.7 times in maxillary teeth (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Pulp stones had a high prevalence with molar teeth showing the highest prevalence. The presence of restorations increased the chance of occurrence of these calcifications, specifically in maxillary teeth. CLINICAL RELEVANCE CBCT provides accurate anatomical details in three dimensions, offering the possibility to view an individual tooth in axial, sagittal, and coronal views. This study performed an investigation of the occurrence of pulp stones by CBCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rua Herotides de Oliveira, 61/902. Icaraí, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marina C Prado
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rua Herotides de Oliveira, 61/902. Icaraí, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Polyane M Queiroz
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Yuri Nejaim
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Danieli M Brasil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Carlos Groppo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Francisco Haiter-Neto
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Tomczyk J, Zalewska M. Mechanical and chemical dental wear in historical population from the Syrian lower Euphrates valley. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 62:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tomczyk J, Komarnitki J, Zalewska M, Lekszycki T, Olczak-Kowalczyk D. Fluorescence methods (VistaCam iX proof and DIAGNODent pen) for the detection of occlusal carious lesions in teeth recovered from archaeological context. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 154:525-34. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Tomczyk
- Department of Anthropology; Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University; 01-938 Warsaw Poland
| | - Julian Komarnitki
- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy; Medical University of Warsaw; 02-004 Warsaw Poland
| | - Marta Zalewska
- Department of Environmental Hazard Prevention and Allergology; Medical University of Warsaw; 02-091 Warsaw Poland
| | - Tomasz Lekszycki
- Laboratory of Tissue Structure and Computer Microtomography; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
- Faculty of Production Engineering; Warsaw University of Technology; Warsaw 02-524 Poland
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