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Galassi FM, Lorkiewicz W, Filipiak J, Nikodem A, Żądzińska E. Age- and sex-related changes in vertebral trabecular bone architecture in Neolithic and Mediaeval populations from Poland. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9977. [PMID: 38693297 PMCID: PMC11063184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates trabecular bone ontogenetic changes in two different Polish populations, one prehistoric and the other historical. The studied populations are from the Brześć Kujawski region in Kujawy (north-central Poland), one from the Neolithic Period (4500-4000 BC) and one from the Middle Ages (twelfth-sixteenth centuries AD), in total 62 vertebral specimens (32 males, 30 females). Eight morphometric parameters acquired from microCT scan images were analysed. Two-way ANOVA after Box-Cox transformation and multifactorial regression model were calculated. A significant decrease in percentage bone volume fraction (BV/TV; [%]) with age at death was observed in the studied sample; Tb.N (trabecular number) was also significantly decreased with age; trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) increased with advancing age; connectivity density (Conn.D) was negatively correlated with biological age and higher in the Neolithic population. These data are found to be compatible with data from the current biomedical literature, while no loss of horizontal trabeculae was recorded as would be expected based on modern osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Maria Galassi
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Wiesław Lorkiewicz
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Filipiak
- Department of Mechanics, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Nikodem
- Department of Mechanics, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Żądzińska
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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2
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Cartwright C, Ragni A, Hublin JJ, Chirchir H. Trabecular bone volume fraction in Holocene and Late Pleistocene humans. J Hum Evol 2024; 190:103499. [PMID: 38569444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Research suggests that recent modern humans have gracile skeletons in having low trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and that gracilization of the skeleton occurred in the last 10,000 years. This has been attributed to a reduction in physical activity in the Holocene. However, there has been no thorough sampling of BV/TV in Pleistocene humans due to limited access to high resolution images of fossil specimens. Therefore, our study investigates the gracilization of BV/TV in Late Pleistocene humans and recent (Holocene) modern humans to improve our understanding of the emergence of gracility. We used microcomputed tomography to measure BV/TV in the femora, humeri and metacarpals of a sample of Late Pleistocene humans from Dolní Věstonice (Czech Republic, ∼26 ka, n = 6) and Ohalo II (Israel, ∼19 ka, n = 1), and a sample of recent humans including farming groups (n = 39) and hunter-gatherers (n = 6). We predicted that 1) Late Pleistocene humans would exhibit greater femoral and humeral head BV/TV compared with recent humans and 2) among recent humans, metacarpal head BV/TV would be greater in hunter-gatherers compared with farmers. Late Pleistocene humans had higher BV/TV compared with recent humans in both the femur and humerus, supporting our first prediction, and consistent with previous findings that Late Pleistocene humans are robust as compared to recent humans. However, among recent humans, there was no significant difference in BV/TV in the metacarpals between the two subsistence groups. The results highlight the similarity in BV/TV in the hand of two human groups from different geographic locales and subsistence patterns and raise questions about assumptions of activity levels in archaeological populations and their relationships to trabecular BV/TV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Cartwright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
| | - Anna Ragni
- Department of Biology, University of Tampa, 401 W. Kennedy Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Paléoanthropologie, CIRB (UMR 7241 - U1050), Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin-Berthelot, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Habiba Chirchir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA; Human Origins Program, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O Box 37012, Room 153, MRC 010, Washington, DC 20013, USA.
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3
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Assif L, Chirchir H. Trabecular bone morphology in big cats reflects the complex diversity of limb use but not home range size or daily travel distance. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:208-222. [PMID: 37676091 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
A relationship exists between mechanical loading and bone morphology. Although studies show a relationship between trabecular bone morphology and locomotor strategy in mammals, none of them have studied trabecular bone morphology in felid species occupying disparate and overlapping habitats. We investigate trabecular bone volume fraction (BVF) in the femoral and humeral heads, and distal tibia of four felid species (mountain lions, jaguars, cheetahs, and leopards) to identify whether there is a relationship between BVF and locomotor behavior. This study's goals are to identify whether felid species with high daily travel distance or large home range size have greater BVF compared with those with small daily travel distance or home range size, and whether BVF is correlated among the three elements of the fore and hindlimb studied. We quantified BVF in micro- and peripheral computed tomography images and found no significant differences across species in the femoral and humeral head (p > 0.05). However, in the distal tibia, results showed that leopards, mountain lions, and cheetahs have significantly greater (p < 0.05) BVF than jaguars. Despite differences in home range size and daily travel distance, the proximal elements did not reflect differences in BVF; however, the distal-most element did, suggesting decreased loading among jaguars. These findings suggest that the observed pattern of trabecular bone morphology is potentially due to the diversity in locomotor strategy of the forelimb. Additionally, these results imply that neither home range size nor daily travel distance are clear indicators of activity levels. A cautious approach is warranted in studying how loading influences trabecular morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layne Assif
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Habiba Chirchir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
- Human Origins Program, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
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4
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Cazenave M, Radovčić D. The Neanderthal patellae from Krapina (Croatia): A comparative investigation of their endostructural conformation and distinctive features compared to the extant human condition. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 181:118-129. [PMID: 36806751 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Neanderthal patella differs from that of extant humans by being thicker anteroposteriorly and by having more symmetric medial and lateral articular facets. However, it is still unclear to what extent these differences affect knee kinesiology. We aim at assessing the endostructural conformation of Neanderthal patellae to reveal functionally related mechanical information comparatively to the extant human condition. In principle, we expect that the Neanderthal patella (i) shows a higher amount of cortical bone and (ii) a trabecular network organization distinct from the extant human condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS By using micro-focus X-ray tomography, we characterized the endostructure of six adult patellae from the OIS 5e Neanderthal site of Krapina, Croatia, the largest assemblage of human fossil patellae assessed so far, and compared their pattern to the configuration displayed by a sample of 22 recent humans. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The first expectation is rejected, indicating that the patellar bone might have not followed the trend of generalized gracilization of the human postcranial skeleton occurred through the Upper Pleistocene. The second prediction is at least partially supported. In Krapina the trabecular network differs from the comparative sample by showing a higher medial density and by lacking a proximal reinforcement. Such conformation indicates similar load patterns exerted in Neanderthals and extant humans by the vastus lateralis, but not by the vastus medialis, with implications on the mediolateral stabilization of the knee joint. However, the patterns of structural variation of the patellar network remain to be assessed in other Neanderthal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Cazenave
- Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA.,Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Davorka Radovčić
- Department of Geology and Paleontology, Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, Croatia
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5
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Murray AA, Erlandson MC. Tibial cortical and trabecular variables together can pinpoint the timing of impact loading relative to menarche in premenopausal females. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23711. [PMID: 34878660 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Though relationships between limb bone structure and mechanical loading have provided fantastic opportunities for understanding the lives of prehistoric adults, the lives of children remain poorly understood. Our aim was to determine whether or not adult tibial skeletal variables retain information about childhood/adolescent loading, through assessing relationships between cortical and trabecular bone variables and the timing of impact loading relative to menarche in premenopausal adult females. METHODS Peripheral quantitative computed tomography was used to quantify geometric and densitometric variables from the proximal tibial diaphysis (66% location) and distal epiphysis (4% location) among 81 nulliparous young adult female controls and athletes aged 19-33 years grouped according to intensity of impact loading both pre- and post-menarche: (1) Low:Low (Controls); (2) High:Low; (3) High:High; (4) Moderate:Moderate; (5) Low:Moderate. ANCOVA was used to compare properties among the groups adjusted for age, stature, and body mass. RESULTS Significant increases in diaphyseal total cross-sectional area and strength-strain index were documented among groups with any pre-menarcheal impact loading relative to groups with none, regardless of post-menarcheal loading history (p < .01). In contrast, significantly elevated distal trabecular volumetric bone mineral density was only documented among groups with recent post-menarcheal loading relative to groups with none, regardless of pre-menarcheal impact loading history (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS The consideration of diaphyseal cortical bone geometric and epiphyseal trabecular bone densitometric variables together within the tibia can identify variation in pre-menarcheal and post-menarcheal impact loading histories among premenopausal adult females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison A Murray
- Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Marta C Erlandson
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Agarwal SC. What is normal bone health? A bioarchaeological perspective on meaningful measures and interpretations of bone strength, loss, and aging. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 33:e23647. [PMID: 34272787 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioarchaeological (the study of archeological human remains together with contextual and documentary evidence) offers a unique vantage point to examine variation in skeletal morphology related to influences such as activity, disease, and nutrition. The human skeleton is composed of a dynamic tissue that is forged by biocultural factors over the entire life course, providing a record of individual, and community history. Various aspects of adult bone health, particularly bone maintenance and loss and the associated skeletal disease osteoporosis, have been examined in numerous past populations. The anthropological study of bone loss has traditionally focused on the signature of postmenopausal aging, costs of reproduction, and fragility in females. The a priori expectation of normative sex-related bone loss/fragility in bioanthropological studies illustrates the wider gender-ideological bias that continues in research design and data analysis in the field. Contextualized data on bone maintenance and aging in the archeological record show that patterns of bone loss do not constitute predictable consequences of aging or biological sex. Instead, the critical examination of bioarchaeological data highlights the complex and changing processes that craft the human body over the life course, and calls for us to question the ideal or "normal" range of bone quantity and quality in the human skeleton, and to critically reflect on what measures are actually biologically and/or socially meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina C Agarwal
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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7
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Webb NM. The Functional and Allometric Implications of Hipbone Trabecular Microarchitecture in a Sample of Eutherian and Metatherian Mammals. Evol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-021-09543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe pelvis plays an active role in weight bearing and countering the ground reaction forces incurred by the hindlimbs thus making it a critical component of the locomotor skeleton. Accordingly, this anatomical region is theoretically ideal for inferring locomotor behavior from both external skeletal morphology and trabecular microarchitecture, with the latter possibly offering nuanced insights into the mechanical loading environment given its increased plasticity and higher turnover rate. However, trabecular microarchitecture is also known to be influenced by a variety of factors including body size, sex, age, genetic regulation, diet and activity level, that collectively hinder the ability to generate consistent functional inferences. In this study, a comparative sample of mammals (42 species spanning four orders) of varying sizes, yet comparable locomotor repertoires, were evaluated to determine the effects of body size, phylogeny and locomotion on hipbone trabecular microarchitecture. This study found a weak functional signal detected in differences in bone volume fraction and the degree of anisotropy across certain pre-assigned locomotor categories, while confirming previously recognized allometric scaling trends reported for other mammalian samples based on the femur. Within primates, a more anisotropic pattern was observed for quadrupedal species attributed to their repetitive loading regimes and stereotypical limb excursions, while isotropic values were revealed for taxa utilizing more varied arboreal repertoires. Humans, despite a frequent and predictable loading environment associated with their use of bipedalism, showed relatively isotropic values. This study highlights the confounding factors that influence trabecular microarchitecture and consequently limit its utility as a method for investigating locomotor adaptation.
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8
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van Spelde AM, Schroeder H, Kjellström A, Lidén K. Approaches to osteoporosis in paleopathology: How did methodology shape bone loss research? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2021; 33:245-257. [PMID: 34044198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper will review how different methods employed to study bone loss in the past were used to explore different questions and aspects of bone loss, how methodology has changed over time, and how these different approaches have informed our understanding of bone loss in the past. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review and discussion is conducted on research protocols and results of 84 paleopathology publications on bone loss in archaeological skeletal collections published between 1969 and 2021. CONCLUSIONS The variety in research protocols confounds accurate meta-analysis of previously published research; however, more recent publications incorporate a combination of bone mass and bone quality based methods. Biased sample selection has resulted in a predominance of European and Medieval publications, limiting more general observations on bone loss in the past. Collection of dietary or paleopathological covariables is underemployed in the effort to interpret bone loss patterns. SIGNIFICANCE Paleopathology publications have demonstrated differences in bone loss between distinct archaeological populations, between sex and age groups, and have suggested factors underlying observed differences. However, a lack of a gold standard has encouraged the use of a wide range of methods. Understanding how this array of methods effects results is crucial in contextualizing our knowledge of bone loss in the past. LIMITATIONS The development of a research protocol is also influenced by available expertise, available equipment, restrictions imposed by the curator, and site-specific taphonomic aspects. These factors will likely continue to cause (minor) biases even if a best practice can be established. SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH Greater effort to develop uniform terminology and operational definitions of osteoporosis in skeletal remains, as well as the expansion of time scale and geographical areas studied. The Next-Generation Sequencing revolution has also opened up the possibility of ancient DNA analyses to study genetic predisposition to bone loss in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marijn van Spelde
- Archaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, Lilla Frescativägen 7, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden; The Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Hannes Schroeder
- The Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Kjellström
- Osteological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, Lilla Frescativägen 7, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lidén
- Archaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, Lilla Frescativägen 7, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Veneziano A, Cazenave M, Alfieri F, Panetta D, Marchi D. Novel strategies for the characterization of cancellous bone morphology: Virtual isolation and analysis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 175:920-930. [PMID: 33811768 PMCID: PMC8359981 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The advent of micro-computed tomography (μCT) made cancellous bone more accessible than ever before. Nevertheless, the characterization of cancellous bone is made difficult by its inherent complexity and the difficulties in defining homology across datasets. Here we propose novel virtual methodological approaches to overcome those issues and complement existing methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present a protocol for the isolation of the whole cancellous region within a μCT scanned bone. This method overcomes the subsampling issues and allows studying cancellous bone as a single unit. We test the protocol on a set of primate bones. In addition, we describe a set of morphological indices calculated on the topological skeleton of the cancellous bone: node density, node connectivity, trabecular angle, trabecular tortuosity, and fractal dimension. The usage of the indices is shown on a small comparative sample of primate femoral heads. RESULTS The isolation protocol proves reliable in isolating cancellous structures from several different bones, regardless of their shape. The indices seem to detect some functional differences, although further testing on comparative samples is needed to clarify their potential for the study of cancellous architecture. CONCLUSIONS The approaches presented overcome some of the difficulties of trabecular bone studies. The methods presented here represent an alternative or supporting method to the existing tools available to address the biomechanics of cancellous bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Veneziano
- Synchrotron Radiation for Medical Physics (SYRMEP), Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marine Cazenave
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre at the School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Fabio Alfieri
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniele Panetta
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Damiano Marchi
- Department of Biology, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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10
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Zhu D, Ansari AR, Xiao K, Wang W, Wang L, Qiu W, Zheng X, Song H, Liu H, Zhong J, Peng K. Boron Supplementation Promotes Osteogenesis of Tibia by Regulating the Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Expression in African Ostrich Chicks. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1544-1555. [PMID: 32676937 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02258-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the effects of supplemental boron on osteogenesis of tibia and to investigate the possible relationship between additional boron and the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in tibia of ostrich chicks. Therefore, forty-eight African ostrich chicks (15 days old) were supplemented with 0 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 80 mg/L, 160 mg/L, 320 mg/L, and 640 mg/L of boron in drinking water for 75 days. The paraffin sections of tibia used to measure histomorphometric parameters by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Masson's staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to assess the level of BMP-2, osteocalcin (BGP), glucocorticoids (GCs), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) in serum. TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) technique was performed to detect the cell apoptosis. The results indicated that low dose of supplemental boron (40 mg/L-160 mg/L) in drinking water promotes bone development by increasing the mature ossein. The expression of BMP2 on 45 days was higher than 90 days. Serum level of BMP-2, BGP, and GCs changed significantly in groups with low dosage of boron, and OPG/RANKL ratio was upregulated from 0 to 160 mg/L. Cell apoptosis was least in 40 mg/L and 160 mg/L groups. Taken together, low dose of boron supplemented in drinking water could promote osteogenesis and growth and development of tibia by regulating the expression and secretion of BMP-2 and providing a dynamically balanced environment for tibia growth, development, and reconstruction by regulating the concentrations of BGP, GCs, and OPG/RANKL ratio in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiyun Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdur Rahman Ansari
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CVAS) Jhang, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ke Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinting Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Song
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Juming Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Kemei Peng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Karakostis FA, Harvati K. New horizons in reconstructing past human behavior: Introducing the "Tübingen University Validated Entheses-based Reconstruction of Activity" method. Evol Anthropol 2021; 30:185-198. [PMID: 33764627 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An accurate reconstruction of habitual activities in past populations and extinct hominin species is a paramount goal of paleoanthropological research, as it can elucidate the evolution of human behavior and the relationship between culture and biology. Variation in muscle attachment (entheseal) morphology has been considered an indicator of habitual activity, and many attempts have been made to use it for this purpose. However, its interpretation remains equivocal due to methodological shortcomings and a paucity of supportive experimental data. Through a series of studies, we have introduced a novel and precise methodology that focuses on reconstructing muscle synergies based on three-dimensional and multivariate analyses among entheses. This approach was validated using uniquely documented anthropological samples, experimental animal studies, histological observations, and geometric morphometrics. Here, we detail, synthesize, and critically discuss the findings of these studies, which overall point to the great potential of entheses in elucidating aspects of past human behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Alexandros Karakostis
- DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) Center for Advanced Studies "Words, Bones, Genes, Tools," Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katerina Harvati
- DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) Center for Advanced Studies "Words, Bones, Genes, Tools," Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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12
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Chevalier T, Colard T, Colombo A, Golovanova L, Doronichev V, Hublin JJ. Early ontogeny of humeral trabecular bone in Neandertals and recent modern humans. J Hum Evol 2021; 154:102968. [PMID: 33774376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.102968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Trabecular bone ontogeny is well known in modern humans and unknown in Neandertals. Yet the bone developmental pattern is useful for interpreting fossils from evolutionary and functional perspectives. Interestingly, microstructure in early ontogeny is supposedly not influenced by high and specific mechanical loading related to the lifestyle of a human group and consequently does not directly depend on the activities of hunter-gatherers. Here, we specifically explored the early growth trajectories of the trabecular bone structure of the humerus and emphasized in particular how bone fraction (bone volume/total volume [BV/TV]) was built up in Neandertals, given the specific modern human bone loss after birth and the use of BV/TV in functional studies. Six Neandertals and 26 recent modern humans ranging from perinates to adolescents were included in this study. Six trabecular parameters were measured within a cubic region of interest extracted from the proximal metaphysis of the humerus. We found that the microstructural changes in Neandertals during early ontogeny (<1 year) fit with modern human growth trajectories for each parameter. The specific bone loss occurring immediately after birth in modern humans also occurred in Neandertals (but not in chimpanzees). However, the early childhood fossil Ferrassie 6 presented unexpectedly high BV/TV, whereas the high BV/TV in the Crouzade I adolescent was predictable. These results suggest that Neandertals and modern humans shared predetermined early growth trajectories and developmental mechanisms. We assume that the close relationship between skeletal characteristics in early ontogeny and adults in modern humans also existed in Neandertals. However, it was difficult to ensure that the high BV/TV in Neandertal early childhood, represented by only one individual, was at the origin of the high BV/TV observed in adults. Consequently, our study does not challenge the mechanical hypothesis that explains the trabecular gracilization of the humerus during the Holocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Chevalier
- UMR 7194 HNHP, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, EPCC-CERP de Tautavel, Avenue Léon Jean Grégory 66720 Tautavel, France.
| | - Thomas Colard
- UMR 5199 PACEA, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC; LabEx Sciences Archéologiques de Bordeaux, N°ANR-10-LABX-52, Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, CS50023, F-33615 Pessac, France; Department of Orthodontics, University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Antony Colombo
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL University, Chair of Biological Anthropology Paul Broca, 4-14 Rue Ferrus, F-75014 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Chaire Internationale de Paléoanthropologie du Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
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13
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Chirchir H. Trabecular bone in domestic dogs and wolves: Implications for understanding human self‐domestication. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:31-41. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Chirchir
- Department of Biological Sciences Marshall University Huntington West Virginia USA
- Human Origins Program, Department of Anthropology National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
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14
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DeMars LJD, Stephens NB, Saers JPP, Gordon A, Stock JT, Ryan TM. Using point clouds to investigate the relationship between trabecular bone phenotype and behavior: An example utilizing the human calcaneus. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23468. [PMID: 32790125 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to demonstrate a new method for analyzing trabecular bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy in three dimensions. METHODS We use a combination of automatic mesh registration, point-cloud correspondence registration, and P-value corrected univariate statistical tests to compare bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy on a point by point basis across the entire calcaneus of two human groups with different subsistence strategies. RESULTS We found that the patterns of high and low bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy distribution between the Black Earth (hunter-gatherers) and Norris Farms (mixed-strategy agriculturalists) are very similar, but differ in magnitude. The hunter-gatherers exhibit higher levels of bone volume fraction and less anisotropic trabecular bone organization. Additionally, patterns of bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy in the calcaneus correspond well with biomechanical expectations of relative forces experienced during walking and running. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that comparing site-specific, localized differences in trabecular bone variables such as bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy in three-dimensions is a powerful analytical tool. This method makes it possible to determine where similarities and differences between groups are located within the whole skeletal element of interest. The visualization of multiple variables also provides a way for researchers to see how the trabecular bone variables interact within the morphology, and allows for a more nuanced understanding of how they relate to one another and the broader mechanical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily J D DeMars
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas B Stephens
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaap P P Saers
- Department of Archaeology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam Gordon
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Jay T Stock
- Department of Archaeology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Anthropology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy M Ryan
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Mulder B, Stock JT, Saers JPP, Inskip SA, Cessford C, Robb JE. Intrapopulation variation in lower limb trabecular architecture. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 173:112-129. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bram Mulder
- University of Cambridge, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research Cambridge UK
| | - Jay T. Stock
- University of Cambridge, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research Cambridge UK
- Department of Anthropology University of Western Ontario London Canada
- Department of Archaeology Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History Jena Germany
| | - Jaap P. P. Saers
- University of Cambridge, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research Cambridge UK
| | - Sarah A. Inskip
- University of Cambridge, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research Cambridge UK
| | - Craig Cessford
- University of Cambridge, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research Cambridge UK
| | - John E. Robb
- University of Cambridge, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research Cambridge UK
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16
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Djukić K, Milovanović P, Milenković P, Djurić M. A microarchitectural assessment of the gluteal tuberosity suggests two possible patterns in entheseal changes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 172:291-299. [PMID: 32154921 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Macroscopic entheseal forms show two main features: predominant signs of bony formation or resorption. To understand the development of these forms, we investigated microarchitectural differences between the macroscopic proliferative and resorptive forms of the gluteus maximus enthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The macromorphological analysis of entheseal changes (EC) was based on the Villotte, visual scoring system for fibrous entheses. Gluteal tuberosity specimens of different stages of Villote's system were harvested from 16 adult males derived from an archaeological context and scanned using microcomputed tomography. RESULTS The microarchitectural analyzes of cortical bone demonstrated a trend of higher porosity in the resorptive compared to the proliferative phase in Stage B, whereas a 30% porosity reduction was detected in the resorptive compared to proliferative phase of Stage C. In terms of the trabecular bone between the resorptive and proliferative entheseal phases, there was a trend of increased connectivity density, whereas the structural model index decreased in B and increased in C. The assessment of the entire specimen showed an increase in porosity from the proliferative to the resorptive phase in the Stage B, in contrast to a decrease in the Stage C. DISCUSSION The results suggest that from an initial flat entheses, two directions of EC development are possible: (a) a bony prominence may form and, subsequently, it is subjected to trabecularization of the cortical bone inside the prominence, such cortical trabecularization can lead to visible porosity on the cortical external surface; (b) the cortical bone defect may develop with the regular underlying cortical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Djukić
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Milovanović
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Milenković
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, National Cancer Research Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Djurić
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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17
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Karakostis FA, Wallace IJ, Konow N, Harvati K. Experimental evidence that physical activity affects the multivariate associations among muscle attachments (entheses). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.213058. [PMID: 31712353 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.213058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of entheses (muscle/tendon attachment sites) on bones is routinely used in paleontological and bioarcheological studies to infer the physical activity patterns of ancient vertebrate species including hominins. However, such inferences have often been disputed owing to limitations of the quantitative methods commonly employed and a lack of experimental evidence demonstrating direct effects of physical activity on entheseal morphology. Recently, we introduced a new and improved method of quantifying and analyzing entheseal morphology that involves repeatable three-dimensional measurements combined with multivariate statistics focused on associations among multiple entheses. Here, to assess the validity of our method for investigating variation in entheseal morphology related to physical activity patterns, we analyzed femora of growing turkeys that were experimentally exercised for 10 weeks on either an inclined or declined treadmill or served as controls (N=15 individuals, 5 per group). Our multivariate approach identified certain patterns involving three different entheses (associated with the gluteus primus, medial gastrocnemius, vastus medialis and adductor magnus muscles) that clearly differentiated controls from runners. Importantly, these differences were not observable when comparing groups within each of the three entheseal structures separately. Body mass was not correlated with the resulting multivariate patterns. These results provide the first experimental evidence that variation in physical activity patterns has a direct influence on entheseal morphology. Moreover, our findings highlight the promise of our newly developed quantitative methods for analyzing the morphology of entheses to reconstruct the behavior of extinct vertebrate species based on their skeletal remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Alexandros Karakostis
- Paleoanthropology, Department of Geosciences, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany
| | - Ian J Wallace
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Nicolai Konow
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Katerina Harvati
- Paleoanthropology, Department of Geosciences, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany.,DFG Center for Advanced Studies "Words, Bones, Genes, Tools", Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany
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18
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Amson E, Kilbourne BM. Trabecular bone architecture in the stylopod epiphyses of mustelids (Mammalia, Carnivora). ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190938. [PMID: 31824706 PMCID: PMC6837213 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mustelidae, a carnivoran clade that includes for instance weasels, badgers, otters and martens, has undergone several evolutionary transitions of lifestyle, resulting in specializations for fossorial, natatorial and scansorial locomotion, in addition to more generalized species. The family is therefore regarded as offering an adequate framework for morpho-functional analyses. However, the architecture of the epiphyseal trabecular bone, which is argued to be particularly responsive to the biomechanical environment, has never been studied. Here, we quantify trabecular bone parameters of the proximal and distal epiphyses of the humerus and femur in 29 species of mustelids and assess the differences of these parameters among groups defined a priori based on the aforementioned locomotor types. The parameters are assessed in a phylogenetic framework, taking into account the potential effect on an individual's body mass. The range of variation described by the acquired parameters is relatively restricted when compared to that of other clades. Generalists, however, are featuring a wider range of variation than the other types. While clear discrimination of locomotor types is difficult, some differences were highlighted by our analysis, such as a greater bone fraction associated with the natatorial taxa, which we discuss in a functional context.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Amson
- Author for correspondence: E. Amson e-mail:
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19
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Saers JP, Ryan TM, Stock JT. Trabecular bone structure scales allometrically in the foot of four human groups. J Hum Evol 2019; 135:102654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Dunmore CJ, Kivell TL, Bardo A, Skinner MM. Metacarpal trabecular bone varies with distinct hand-positions used in hominid locomotion. J Anat 2019; 235:45-66. [PMID: 31099419 PMCID: PMC6580057 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trabecular bone remodels during life in response to loading and thus should, at least in part, reflect potential variation in the magnitude, frequency and direction of joint loading across different hominid species. Here we analyse the trabecular structure across all non-pollical metacarpal distal heads (Mc2-5) in extant great apes, expanding on previous volume of interest and whole-epiphysis analyses that have largely focused on only the first or third metacarpal. Specifically, we employ both a univariate statistical mapping and a multivariate approach to test for both inter-ray and interspecific differences in relative trabecular bone volume fraction (RBV/TV) and degree of anisotropy (DA) in Mc2-5 subchondral trabecular bone. Results demonstrate that whereas DA values only separate Pongo from African apes (Pan troglodytes, Pan paniscus, Gorilla gorilla), RBV/TV distribution varies with the predicted loading of the metacarpophalangeal (McP) joints during locomotor behaviours in each species. Gorilla exhibits a relatively dorsal distribution of RBV/TV consistent with habitual hyper-extension of the McP joints during knuckle-walking, whereas Pongo has a palmar distribution consistent with flexed McP joints used to grasp arboreal substrates. Both Pan species possess a disto-dorsal distribution of RBV/TV, compatible with multiple hand postures associated with a more varied locomotor regime. Further inter-ray comparisons reveal RBV/TV patterns consistent with varied knuckle-walking postures in Pan species in contrast to higher RBV/TV values toward the midline of the hand in Mc2 and Mc5 of Gorilla, consistent with habitual palm-back knuckle-walking. These patterns of trabecular bone distribution and structure reflect different behavioural signals that could be useful for determining the behaviours of fossil hominins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Dunmore
- Skeletal Biology Research CentreSchool of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Tracy L. Kivell
- Skeletal Biology Research CentreSchool of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | - Ameline Bardo
- Skeletal Biology Research CentreSchool of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Matthew M. Skinner
- Skeletal Biology Research CentreSchool of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
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21
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Chevalier T. Trauma in the upper limb of an Upper Paleolithic female from Caviglione cave (Liguria, Italy): Etiology and after-effects in bone biomechanical properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2019; 24:94-107. [PMID: 30340107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The impact of injury on the health and activities of human foragers is of great interest for understanding the adaptability of past populations to their environments. For the Gravettian female of Caviglione 1, a violent blow has been suggested as the origin of the left radial fracture, and abnormal body asymmetry has been observed. Access to high resolution CT-scans of the upper limb allows us to address new etiologic considerations and assess the after-effects of trauma on bone biomechanical properties by focusing on cortical and trabecular bones and conducting a comparative analysis of cross-sectional geometric properties in an Upper Paleolithic context. This originally right-dominant female, who became left-handed, was mainly affected by severe bone modifications on the proximal right humerus due to secondary changes following a traumatic event. The left radial fracture is very well consolidated with thick and homogeneous cortical bone. Etiological considerations point to a Galeazzi fracture for the left forearm occurring during a fall. The bone structure and robusticity of the left arm probably prove the lack of strong and enduring dependency of this female on her group for the usual cultural tasks despite the strongly limited function of the right arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Chevalier
- UMR7194/HNHP, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Centre Européen de Recherches Préhistoriques de Tautavel, France.
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22
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Sukhdeo S, Parsons J, Niu XM, Ryan TM. Trabecular Bone Structure in the Distal Femur of Humans, Apes, and Baboons. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 303:129-149. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Sukhdeo
- Department of AnthropologyPennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania
| | - Jacob Parsons
- Department of StatisticsPennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaoyue Maggie Niu
- Department of StatisticsPennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy M. Ryan
- Department of AnthropologyPennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania
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23
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Doershuk LJ, Saers JPP, Shaw CN, Jashashvili T, Carlson KJ, Stock JT, Ryan TM. Complex variation of trabecular bone structure in the proximal humerus and femur of five modern human populations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 168:104-118. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lily J. Doershuk
- Department of Anthropology The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania
| | - Jaap P. P. Saers
- Department of Archaeology University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Colin N. Shaw
- Department of Archaeology University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Tea Jashashvili
- Department of Geology and Paleontology Georgian National Museum Tbilisi Georgia
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles California
| | - Kristian J. Carlson
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles California
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Jay T. Stock
- Department of Archaeology University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom
- Department of Anthropology Western University London Ontario Canada
| | - Timothy M. Ryan
- Department of Anthropology The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania
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24
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Chirchir H. Trabecular Bone Fraction Variation in Modern Humans, Fossil Hominins and Other Primates. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 302:288-305. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Chirchir
- Department of Biological SciencesMarshall University Huntington West Virginia
- Human Origins ProgramNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C
- Department of AnthropologyNew York University New York New York
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25
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Saers JPP, Ryan TM, Stock JT. Trabecular bone functional adaptation and sexual dimorphism in the human foot. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 168:154-169. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaap P. P. Saers
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Timothy M. Ryan
- Department of Anthropology Pennsylvania State University State College Pennsylvania
| | - Jay T. Stock
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research Cambridge United Kingdom
- Department of Anthropology University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
- Department of Archaeology Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History Jena Germany
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26
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Tsegai ZJ, Skinner MM, Pahr DH, Hublin JJ, Kivell TL. Ontogeny and variability of trabecular bone in the chimpanzee humerus, femur and tibia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 167:713-736. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zewdi J. Tsegai
- Department of Human Evolution; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig Germany
| | - Matthew M. Skinner
- Skeletal Biology Research Center; School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent; Canterbury United Kingdom
- Department of Human Evolution; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig Germany
| | - Dieter H. Pahr
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics; Vienna University of Technology; Wien Austria
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig Germany
| | - Tracy L. Kivell
- Skeletal Biology Research Center; School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent; Canterbury United Kingdom
- Department of Human Evolution; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig Germany
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27
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Kivell TL, Davenport R, Hublin JJ, Thackeray JF, Skinner MM. Trabecular architecture and joint loading of the proximal humerus in extant hominoids, Ateles, and Australopithecus africanus. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 167:348-365. [PMID: 30129074 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several studies have investigated potential functional signals in the trabecular structure of the primate proximal humerus but with varied success. Here, we apply for the first time a "whole-epiphyses" approach to analysing trabecular bone in the humeral head with the aim of providing a more holistic interpretation of trabecular variation in relation to habitual locomotor or manipulative behaviors in several extant primates and Australopithecus africanus. MATERIALS AND METHODS We use a "whole-epiphysis" methodology in comparison to the traditional volume of interest (VOI) approach to investigate variation in trabecular structure and joint loading in the proximal humerus of extant hominoids, Ateles and A. africanus (StW 328). RESULTS There are important differences in the quantification of trabecular parameters using a "whole-epiphysis" versus a VOI-based approach. Variation in trabecular structure across knuckle-walking African apes, suspensory taxa, and modern humans was generally consistent with predictions of load magnitude and inferred joint posture during habitual behaviors. Higher relative trabecular bone volume and more isotropic trabeculae in StW 328 suggest A. africanus may have still used its forelimbs for arboreal locomotion. DISCUSSION A whole-epiphysis approach to analysing trabecular structure of the proximal humerus can help distinguish functional signals of joint loading across extant primates and can provide novel insight into habitual behaviors of fossil hominins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Kivell
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, Skeletal Biology Research Centre, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom.,Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rebecca Davenport
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Francis Thackeray
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Matthew M Skinner
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, Skeletal Biology Research Centre, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom.,Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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28
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Stephens NB, Kivell TL, Pahr DH, Hublin JJ, Skinner MM. Trabecular bone patterning across the human hand. J Hum Evol 2018; 123:1-23. [PMID: 30072187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hand bone morphology is regularly used to link particular hominin species with behaviors relevant to cognitive/technological progress. Debates about the functional significance of differing hominin hand bone morphologies tend to rely on establishing phylogenetic relationships and/or inferring behavior from epigenetic variation arising from mechanical loading and adaptive bone modeling. Most research focuses on variation in cortical bone structure, but additional information about hand function may be provided through the analysis of internal trabecular structure. While primate hand bone trabecular structure is known to vary in ways that are consistent with expected joint loading differences during manipulation and locomotion, no study exists that has documented this variation across the numerous bones of the hand. We quantify the trabecular structure in 22 bones of the human hand (early/extant modern Homo sapiens) and compare structural variation between two groups associated with post-agricultural/industrial (post-Neolithic) and foraging/hunter-gatherer (forager) subsistence strategies. We (1) establish trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), modulus (E), degree of anisotropy (DA), mean trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and spacing (Tb.Sp); (2) visualize the average distribution of site-specific BV/TV for each bone; and (3) examine if the variation in trabecular structure is consistent with expected joint loading differences among the regions of the hand and between the groups. Results indicate similar distributions of trabecular bone in both groups, with those of the forager sample presenting higher BV/TV, E, and lower DA, suggesting greater and more variable loading during manipulation. We find indications of higher loading along the ulnar side of the forager sample hand, with high site-specific BV/TV distributions among the carpals that are suggestive of high loading while the wrist moves through the 'dart-thrower's' motion. These results support the use of trabecular structure to infer behavior and have direct implications for refining our understanding of human hand evolution and fossil hominin hand use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Stephens
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Tracy L Kivell
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, United Kingdom; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dieter H Pahr
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthew M Skinner
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, United Kingdom; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Tsegai ZJ, Skinner MM, Pahr DH, Hublin J, Kivell TL. Systemic patterns of trabecular bone across the human and chimpanzee skeleton. J Anat 2018; 232:641-656. [PMID: 29344941 PMCID: PMC5835784 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspects of trabecular bone architecture are thought to reflect regional loading of the skeleton, and thus differ between primate taxa with different locomotor and postural modes. However, there are several systemic factors that affect bone structure that could contribute to, or be the primary factor determining, interspecific differences in bone structure. These systemic factors include differences in genetic regulation, sensitivity to loading, hormone levels, diet, and activity levels. Improved understanding of inter-/intraspecific variability, and variability across the skeleton of an individual, is required to interpret properly potential functional signals present within trabecular structure. Using a whole-region method of analysis, we investigated trabecular structure throughout the skeleton of humans and chimpanzees. Trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), degree of anisotropy (DA) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) were quantified from high resolution micro-computed tomographic scans of the humeral and femoral head, third metacarpal and third metatarsal head, distal tibia, talus and first thoracic vertebra. We found that BV/TV is, in most anatomical sites, significantly higher in chimpanzees than in humans, suggesting a systemic difference in trabecular structure unrelated to local loading regime. Differences in BV/TV between the forelimb and hindlimb did not clearly reflect differences in locomotor loading in the study taxa. There were no clear systemic differences between the taxa in DA and, as such, this parameter might reflect function and relate to differences in joint loading. This systemic approach reveals both the pattern of variability across the skeleton and between taxa, and helps identify those features of trabecular structure that may relate to joint function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewdi J. Tsegai
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | - Matthew M. Skinner
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
- Skeletal Biology Research CentreSchool of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Dieter H. Pahr
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural BiomechanicsVienna University of TechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Jean‐Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | - Tracy L. Kivell
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
- Skeletal Biology Research CentreSchool of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
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30
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Ruff CB. Functional morphology in the pages of the AJPA. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 165:688-704. [PMID: 29574828 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Ruff
- Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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31
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Barak MM, Sherratt E, Lieberman DE. Using principal trabecular orientation to differentiate joint loading orientation in the 3rd metacarpal heads of humans and chimpanzees. J Hum Evol 2017; 113:173-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Amson E, Arnold P, van Heteren AH, Canoville A, Nyakatura JA. Trabecular architecture in the forelimb epiphyses of extant xenarthrans (Mammalia). Front Zool 2017; 14:52. [PMID: 29213295 PMCID: PMC5707916 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-017-0241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone structure has a crucial role in the functional adaptations that allow vertebrates to conduct their diverse lifestyles. Much has been documented regarding the diaphyseal structure of long bones of tetrapods. However, the architecture of trabecular bone, which is for instance found within the epiphyses of long bones, and which has been shown experimentally to be extremely plastic, has received little attention in the context of lifestyle adaptations (virtually only in primates). We therefore investigated the forelimb epiphyses of extant xenarthrans, the placental mammals including the sloths, anteaters, and armadillos. They are characterised by several lifestyles and degrees of fossoriality involving distinct uses of their forelimb. We used micro computed tomography data to acquire 3D trabecular parameters at regions of interest (ROIs) for all extant genera of xenarthrans (with replicates). Traditional, spherical, and phylogenetically informed statistics (including the consideration of size effects) were used to characterise the functional signal of these parameters. Results Several trabecular parameters yielded functional distinctions. The main direction of the trabeculae distinguished lifestyle categories for one ROI (the radial trochlea). Among the other trabecular parameters, it is the degree of anisotropy (i.e., a preferential alignment of the trabeculae) that yielded the clearest functional signal. For all ROIs, the armadillos, which represent the fully terrestrial and fossorial category, were found as characterised by a greater degree of anisotropy (i.e., more aligned trabeculae). Furthermore, the trabeculae of the humeral head of the most fossorial armadillos were also found to be more anisotropic than in the less fossorial species. Conclusions Most parameters were marked by an important intraspecific variability and by a size effect, which could, at least partly, be masking the functional signal. But for some parameters, the degree of anisotropy in particular, a clear functional distinction was recovered. Along with data on primates, our findings suggest that a trabecular architecture characterised by a greater degree of anisotropy is to be expected in species in which the relevant epiphyses withstand a restricted range of load directions. Trabecular architecture therefore is a promising research avenue for the reconstruction of lifestyles in extinct or cryptic species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12983-017-0241-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Amson
- AG Morphologie und Formengeschichte, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Bild Wissen Gestaltung. Ein Interdisziplinäres Labor, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Sophienstraße 22a, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Arnold
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstraße 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anneke H van Heteren
- Sektion Mammalogie, Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns, Münchhausenstraße 21, 81247 Munich, Germany
| | - Aurore Canoville
- Steinmann Institute for Geology, Mineralogy, and Paleontology, University of Bonn, Nußallee 8, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - John A Nyakatura
- AG Morphologie und Formengeschichte, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Bild Wissen Gestaltung. Ein Interdisziplinäres Labor, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Sophienstraße 22a, 10178 Berlin, Germany
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Wang Y, Hu X, Dai J, Wang J, Tan Y, Yang X, Yang S, Yuan Q, Zhang Y. A 3D graphene coated bioglass scaffold for bone defect therapy based on the molecular targeting approach. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6794-6800. [PMID: 32264329 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Development of a cell-free scaffold with excellent mechanical properties and osteoconductivity is of significant need for bone regeneration. Herein, a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) functionalized hierarchical macro-mesoporous bioactive glass scaffold integrated with an osteoblast-specific aptamer is rationally designed to recruit and induce the rapid differentiation of osteoblasts for bone regeneration. This scaffold exhibits a macroporous structure with fully interconnected open pores and shows excellent mechanical properties with a Young's modulus of ∼80 kPa, which provides a strong scaffold to support the growth of osteoblasts and bone tissue regeneration. Furthermore, the scaffold displays good performance in accelerating osteoblast differentiation and promoting new bone formation. The osteoblast recruitment is achieved since the osteoblast-specific aptamer can specifically target osteoblasts with strong binding affinity. Micro-computed tomography and histological tests confirmed that the large bone defects fully heal with new plate-like-pattern bone appearing both peripherally and centrally, suggesting the outstanding bone regeneration performance of this cell-free and graphene functionalized scaffold. Considering the promising bioapplications of the graphene functionalized bioactive glass scaffold with osteoblast recruitment capacity, our strategy paves a way for the design of new bioactive functional materials for tissue regeneration and shows attractive prospects in targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China.
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34
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Karakostis FA, Hotz G, Scherf H, Wahl J, Harvati K. Occupational manual activity is reflected on the patterns among hand entheses. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 164:30-40. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Alexandros Karakostis
- Paleoanthropology; Department of Geosciences, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment; University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070 Germany
| | - Gerhard Hotz
- Anthropological Collection, Natural History Museum of Basel; Basel 4051 Switzerland
| | - Heike Scherf
- Paleoanthropology; Department of Geosciences, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment; University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070 Germany
| | - Joachim Wahl
- Paleoanthropology; Department of Geosciences, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment; University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070 Germany
- Osteology, State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg; Konstanz 78467 Germany
| | - Katerina Harvati
- Paleoanthropology; Department of Geosciences, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment; University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070 Germany
- DFG Center for Advanced Studies “Words, Bones, Genes, Tools”, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraβe 23, D-72070 Tübingen; Germany
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35
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Tsegai ZJ, Skinner MM, Gee AH, Pahr DH, Treece GM, Hublin JJ, Kivell TL. Trabecular and cortical bone structure of the talus and distal tibia in Pan and Homo. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 163:784-805. [PMID: 28542704 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Internal bone structure, both cortical and trabecular bone, remodels in response to loading and may provide important information regarding behavior. The foot is well suited to analysis of internal bone structure because it experiences the initial substrate reaction forces, due to its proximity to the substrate. Moreover, as humans and apes differ in loading of the foot, this region is relevant to questions concerning arboreal locomotion and bipedality in the hominoid fossil record. MATERIALS AND METHODS We apply a whole-bone/epiphysis approach to analyze trabecular and cortical bone in the distal tibia and talus of Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens. We quantify bone volume fraction (BV/TV), degree of anisotropy (DA), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), bone surface to volume ratio (BS/BV), and cortical thickness and investigate the distribution of BV/TV and cortical thickness throughout the bone/epiphysis. RESULTS We find that Pan has a greater BV/TV, a lower BS/BV and thicker cortices than Homo in both the talus and distal tibia. The trabecular structure of the talus is more divergent than the tibia, having thicker, less uniformly aligned trabeculae in Pan compared to Homo. Differences in dorsiflexion at the talocrural joint and in degree of mobility at the talonavicular joint are reflected in the distribution of cortical and trabecular bone. DISCUSSION Overall, quantified trabecular parameters represent overall differences in bone strength between the two species, however, DA may be directly related to joint loading. Cortical and trabecular bone distributions correlate with habitual joint positions adopted by each species, and thus have potential for interpreting joint position in fossil hominoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewdi J Tsegai
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthew M Skinner
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew H Gee
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dieter H Pahr
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Vienna University of Technology, Wien, Austria
| | - Graham M Treece
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tracy L Kivell
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
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36
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Stieglitz J, Trumble BC, Kaplan H, Gurven M. Horticultural activity predicts later localized limb status in a contemporary pre-industrial population. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 163:425-436. [PMID: 28345788 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Modern humans may have gracile skeletons due to low physical activity levels and mechanical loading. Tests using pre-historic skeletons are limited by the inability to assess behavior directly, while modern industrialized societies possess few socio-ecological features typical of human evolutionary history. Among Tsimane forager-horticulturalists, we test whether greater activity levels and, thus, increased loading earlier in life are associated with greater later-life bone status and diminished age-related bone loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used quantitative ultrasonography to assess radial and tibial status among adults aged 20+ years (mean ± SD age = 49 ± 15; 52% female). We conducted systematic behavioral observations to assess earlier-life activity patterns (mean time lag between behavioural observation and ultrasound = 12 years). For a subset of participants, physical activity was again measured later in life, via accelerometry, to determine whether earlier-life time use is associated with later-life activity levels. Anthropometric and demographic data were collected during medical exams. RESULTS Structural decline with age is reduced for the tibia (female: -0.25 SDs/decade; male: 0.05 SDs/decade) versus radius (female: -0.56 SDs/decade; male: -0.20 SDs/decade), which is expected if greater loading mitigates bone loss. Time allocation to horticulture, but not hunting, positively predicts later-life radial status (βHorticulture = 0.48, p = 0.01), whereas tibial status is not significantly predicted by subsistence or sedentary leisure participation. DISCUSSION Patterns of activity- and age-related change in bone status indicate localized osteogenic responses to loading, and are generally consistent with the logic of bone functional adaptation. Nonmechanical factors related to subsistence lifestyle moderate the association between activity patterns and bone structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stieglitz
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France.,Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.,School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
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Niinimäki S, Narra N, Härkönen L, Abe S, Nikander R, Hyttinen J, Knüsel C, Sievänen H. The relationship between loading history and proximal femoral diaphysis cross-sectional geometry. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sirpa Niinimäki
- Archaeology; P.O. Box 1000, University of Oulu; Oulu 90014 Finland
| | - Nathaniel Narra
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering; BioMediTech, Tampere University of Technology; Tampere Finland
| | - Laura Härkönen
- Department of Ecology; P.O. Box 3000, University of Oulu; Oulu 90014 Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences; P.O. 111, University of Eastern Finland; Joensuu 80101 Finland
| | - Shinya Abe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Systems; P.O. Box 589, Tampere University of Technology; Tampere 33101 Finland
| | - Riku Nikander
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences; P.O. Box 35, (L328); 40014 University of Jyväskylä Finland
- GeroCenter Foundation for Aging Research and Development; Rautpohjankatu 8 Jyväskylä 40700 Finland
- Unit of Research & Education, Central Hospital of Central Finland; Keskussairaalantie 19 Jyväskylä 40620 Finland
| | - Jari Hyttinen
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering; BioMediTech, Tampere University of Technology; Tampere Finland
| | - Christopher Knüsel
- UMR5199, De la Prehistoire a l?Actuel: Culture, Environnement, et Anthropologie (PACEA); Bâtiment B8, Allée Géoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023 Pessac Cedex 33615 France
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research; P.O. Box 30, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1 Tampere 33501 Finland
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Chirchir H, Ruff CB, Junno JA, Potts R. Low trabecular bone density in recent sedentary modern humans. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 162:550-560. [PMID: 28101969 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research on a limited number of samples suggests that trabecular bone density (i.e., bone volume fraction, BVF) within specific articulations is lower among more sedentary Holocene agricultural populations compared with Holocene foragers, implying that activity levels have a significant effect on trabecular BVF. However, it is unclear to what extent BVF differs among groups with varying activity levels and how general this phenomenon is across multiple limb articulations. Here, we test two hypotheses that: (i) sedentary populations have lower BVF compared with active populations across limb articulations; and (ii) these declines are more uniform in the lower limb (because of its more direct relationship to mobility), and more variable in the upper limb. MATERIALS AND METHODS We estimated BVF in seven lower and upper limb articulations of five Holocene population samples with subsistence strategies spanning from foraging through horticultural to industrial using pQCT (peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography). RESULTS Both hypotheses are largely supported. First, the most active groups have significantly greater BVF in most limb elements compared with more sedentary groups. Second, all sedentary groups have relatively similar (and lower) BVF in the lower limb but show more variation in upper limb articulations. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a decline in activity levels associated with the adoption of agriculture and industrialization significantly contributed to the reduction in BVF in recent modern humans, but specific behavioral changes, particularly in the upper limb, also affected these patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Chirchir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, 25755.,Department of Anthropology, Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 20013
| | - Christopher B Ruff
- Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
| | | | - Richard Potts
- Department of Anthropology, Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 20013.,Department of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
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39
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Trabecular architecture in the StW 352 fossil hominin calcaneus. J Hum Evol 2016; 97:145-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Saers JPP, Cazorla-Bak Y, Shaw CN, Stock JT, Ryan TM. Trabecular bone structural variation throughout the human lower limb. J Hum Evol 2016; 97:97-108. [PMID: 27457548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Trabecular bone is responsive to mechanical loading, and thus may be a useful tool for interpreting past behaviour from fossil morphology. However, the ability to meaningfully interpret variation in archaeological and hominin trabecular morphology depends on the extent to which trabecular bone properties are integrated throughout the postcranium or are locally variable in response to joint specific loading. We investigate both of these factors by comparing trabecular bone throughout the lower limb between a group of highly mobile foragers and two groups of sedentary agriculturalists. Trabecular bone structure is quantified in four volumes of interest placed within the proximal and distal joints of the femur and tibia. We determine how trabecular structures correspond to inferred behavioural differences between populations and whether the patterns are consistent throughout the limb. A significant correlation was found between inferred mobility level and trabecular bone structure in all volumes of interest along the lower limb. The greater terrestrial mobility of foragers is associated with higher bone volume fraction, and thicker and fewer trabeculae (lower connectivity density). In all populations, bone volume fraction decreases while anisotropy increases proximodistally throughout the lower limb. This observation mirrors reductions in cortical bone mass resulting from proximodistal limb tapering. The reduction in strength associated with reduced bone volume fraction may be compensated for by the increased anisotropy in the distal tibia. A similar pattern of trabecular structure is found throughout the lower limb in all populations, upon which a signal of terrestrial mobility appears to be superimposed. These results support the validity of using lower limb trabecular bone microstructure to reconstruct terrestrial mobility levels from the archaeological and fossil records. The results further indicate that care should be taken to appreciate variation resulting from differences in habitual activity when inferring behaviour from the trabecular structure of hominin fossils through comparisons with modern humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap P P Saers
- PAVE Research Group, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Yasmin Cazorla-Bak
- PAVE Research Group, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Colin N Shaw
- PAVE Research Group, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jay T Stock
- PAVE Research Group, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy M Ryan
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College PA, 322 Carpenter Building, United States; Center for Quantitative Imaging, EMS Energy Institute, Pennsylvania State University, State College PA, University Park, PA 16802, United States
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