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Dean C, Zanolli C, Le Cabec A, Tawane M, Garrevoet J, Mazurier A, Macchiarelli R. Growth and development of the third permanent molar in Paranthropus robustus from Swartkrans, South Africa. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19053. [PMID: 33149180 PMCID: PMC7642444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Third permanent molars (M3s) are the last tooth to form but have not been used to estimate age at dental maturation in early fossil hominins because direct histological evidence for the timing of their growth has been lacking. We investigated an isolated maxillary M3 (SK 835) from the 1.5 to 1.8-million-year-old (Mya) site of Swartkrans, South Africa, attributed to Paranthropus robustus. Tissue proportions of this specimen were assessed using 3D X-ray micro-tomography. Thin ground sections were used to image daily growth increments in enamel and dentine. Transmitted light microscopy and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging revealed fluctuations in Ca concentration that coincide with daily growth increments. We used regional daily secretion rates and Sr marker-lines to reconstruct tooth growth along the enamel/dentine and then cementum/dentine boundaries. Cumulative growth curves for increasing enamel thickness and tooth height and age-of-attainment estimates for fractional stages of tooth formation differed from those in modern humans. These now provide additional means for assessing late maturation in early hominins. M3 formation took ≥ 7 years in SK 835 and completion of the roots would have occurred between 11 and 14 years of age. Estimated age at dental maturation in this fossil hominin compares well with what is known for living great apes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dean
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Clément Zanolli
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR 5199, 33600 Pessac, France.,Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Adeline Le Cabec
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR 5199, 33600 Pessac, France.,Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mirriam Tawane
- Ditsong National Museum of Natural History, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arnaud Mazurier
- IC2MP, UMR 7285 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Roberto Macchiarelli
- UMR 7194 CNRS, Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Musée de L'Homme, Paris, France.,Unité de Formation Géosciences, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Xing S, Tafforeau P, O'Hara MC, Modesto-Mata M, Martín-Francés L, Martinón-Torres M, Schepartz LA, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Guatelli-Steinberg D. A broader perspective on estimating dental age for the Xujiayao juvenile, a late Middle Pleistocene archaic hominin from East Asia. J Hum Evol 2020; 148:102850. [PMID: 32718693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Xing
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China; Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre La Evolución Humana, Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca S/n, 09002, Burgos, Spain.
| | - Paul Tafforeau
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS-40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Mackie C O'Hara
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mario Modesto-Mata
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre La Evolución Humana, Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca S/n, 09002, Burgos, Spain; Equipo Primeros Pobladores de Extremadura, Casa de La Cultura Rodríguez Moñino, Av. Cervantes S/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain; Anthropology Department, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, WC1H 0BW, UK
| | - Laura Martín-Francés
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre La Evolución Humana, Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca S/n, 09002, Burgos, Spain; UMR5189 PACEA Université de Bordeaux CNRS MCC, France
| | - María Martinón-Torres
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre La Evolución Humana, Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca S/n, 09002, Burgos, Spain; Anthropology Department, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, WC1H 0BW, UK
| | - Lynne A Schepartz
- HVIRU, School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - José María Bermúdez de Castro
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre La Evolución Humana, Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca S/n, 09002, Burgos, Spain; Anthropology Department, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, WC1H 0BW, UK
| | - Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Department of Anthropology/Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; School of Anthropology and Conservation, The University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, UK
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Tacail T, Martin JE, Arnaud-Godet F, Thackeray JF, Cerling TE, Braga J, Balter V. Calcium isotopic patterns in enamel reflect different nursing behaviors among South African early hominins. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax3250. [PMID: 31489378 PMCID: PMC6713495 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax3250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nursing is pivotal in the social and biological evolution of hominins, but to date, early-life behavior among hominin lineages is a matter of debate. The calcium isotopic compositions (δ44/42Ca) of tooth enamel can provide dietary information on this period. Here, we measure the δ44/42Ca values in spatially located microsized regions in tooth enamel of 37 South African hominins to reconstruct early-life dietary-specific variability in Australopithecus africanus, Paranthropus robustus, and early Homo. Very low δ44/42Ca values (<-1.4‰), indicative of milk consumption, are measured in early Homo but not in A. africanus and P. robustus. In these latter taxa, transitional or adult nonmilk foods must have been provided in substantial quantities relative to breast milk rapidly after birth. The results suggest that early Homo have continued a predominantly breast milk-based nursing period for longer than A. africanus and P. robustus and have consequently more prolonged interbirth interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Tacail
- CNRS UMR 5276, LGLTPE, Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69342 Lyon Cedex 07, France
- Bristol Isotope Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - Jeremy E. Martin
- CNRS UMR 5276, LGLTPE, Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69342 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Florent Arnaud-Godet
- CNRS UMR 5276, LGLTPE, Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69342 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - J. Francis Thackeray
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Thure E. Cerling
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT, USA
| | - José Braga
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- CNRS UMR 5288, AMIS, Univ. Paul Sabatier University, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Balter
- CNRS UMR 5276, LGLTPE, Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69342 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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Xing S, Tafforeau P, O’Hara M, Modesto-Mata M, Martín-Francés L, Martinón-Torres M, Zhang L, Schepartz LA, de Castro JMB, Guatelli-Steinberg D. First systematic assessment of dental growth and development in an archaic hominin (genus, Homo) from East Asia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau0930. [PMID: 30746445 PMCID: PMC6357757 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau0930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Several human dental traits typical of modern humans appear to be associated with the prolonged period of development that is a key human attribute. Understanding when, and in which early hominins, these dental traits first appeared is thus of strong interest. Using x-ray multiresolution synchrotron phase-contrast microtomography, we quantify dental growth and development in an archaic Homo juvenile from the Xujiayao site in northern China dating to 161,000-224,000 years or 104,000-125,000 years before present. Despite the archaic morphology of Xujiayao hominins, most aspects of dental development of this juvenile fall within modern human ranges (e.g., prolonged crown formation time and delayed first molar eruption). For its estimated age-at-death (6.5 years), its state of dental development is comparable to that of equivalently aged modern children. These findings suggest that several facets of modern human dental growth and development evolved in East Asia before the appearance of fully modern human morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xing
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Paul Tafforeau
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS-40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Mackie O’Hara
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mario Modesto-Mata
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002 Burgos, Spain
- Equipo Primeros Pobladores de Extremadura, Casa de la Cultura Rodríguez Moñino, Av. Cervantes s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Anthropology Department, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London WC1H 0BW, UK
| | - Laura Martín-Francés
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002 Burgos, Spain
- UMR 5189 PACEA Université de Bordeaux, CNRS MCC, Bordeaux, France
| | - María Martinón-Torres
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002 Burgos, Spain
- Anthropology Department, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London WC1H 0BW, UK
| | - Limin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lynne A. Schepartz
- HVIRU, School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - José María Bermúdez de Castro
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002 Burgos, Spain
- Anthropology Department, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London WC1H 0BW, UK
| | - Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Anthropology/Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, UK
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Cares Henriquez A, Oxenham MF. New distance‐based exponential regression method and equations for estimating the chronology of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) defects on the anterior dentition. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 168:510-520. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc F. Oxenham
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
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Guatelli-Steinberg D. Dental anthropology in the AJPA: Its roots and heights. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 165:879-892. [PMID: 29574842 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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