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Bľandová G, Patlevičová A, Palkovičová J, Pavlíková Š, Beňuš R, Repiská V, Baldovič M. Pilot study of correlation of selected genetic factors with cribra orbitalia in individuals from a medieval population from Slovakia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2023; 41:1-7. [PMID: 36812666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the potential genetic etiology of cribra orbitalia noted on human skeletal remains. MATERIALS We obtained and analyzed ancient DNA of 43 individuals with cribra orbitalia. The analyzed set represented medieval individuals from two cemeteries in western Slovakia, Castle Devín (11th-12th century AD) and Cífer-Pác (8th-9th century AD). METHODS We performed a sequence analysis of 5 variants in 3 genes associated with anemia (HBB, G6PD, PKLR), which are the most common pathogenic variants in present day of European populations, and one variant MCM6:c.1917 + 326 C>T (rs4988235) associated with lactose intolerance. RESULTS DNA variants associated with anemia were not found in the samples. The allele frequency of MCM6:c.1917 + 326 C was 0.875. This frequency is higher but not statistically significant in individuals displaying cribra orbitalia compared to individuals without the lesion. SIGNIFICANCE This study seeks to expand our knowledge of the etiology of cribra orbitalia by exploring the potential association between the lesion and the presence of alleles linked to hereditary anemias and lactose intolerance. LIMITATIONS A relatively small set of individuals were analyzed, so an unequivocal conclusion cannot be drawn. Hence, although it is unlikely, a genetic form of anemia caused by rare variants cannot be ruled out. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Genetic research based on larger sample sizes and in more diverse geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Bľandová
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Patlevičová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Palkovičová
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Štefánia Pavlíková
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radoslav Beňuš
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vanda Repiská
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marian Baldovič
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, GHC GENETICS SK, Science Park Comenius University, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Maternal Lineages of Gepids from Transylvania. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040563. [PMID: 35456371 PMCID: PMC9032604 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the written historical sources, the Gepids were a Germanic tribe that settled in the Carpathian Basin during the Migration Period. They were allies of the Huns, and an independent Gepid Kingdom arose after the collapse of the Hun Empire. In this period, the Carpathian Basin was characterized by so-called row-grave cemeteries. Due to the scarcity of historical and archaeological data, we have a poor knowledge of the origin and composition of these barbarian populations, and this is still a subject of debate. To better understand the genetic legacy of migration period societies, we obtained 46 full mitogenome sequences from three Gepid cemeteries located in Transylvania, Romania. The studied samples represent the Classical Gepidic period and illustrate the genetic make-up of this group from the late 5th and early 6th centuries AD, which is characterized by cultural markers associated with the Gepid culture in Transylvania. The genetic structure of the Gepid people is explored for the first time, providing new insights into the genetic makeup of this archaic group. The retrieved genetic data showed mainly the presence of Northwestern European mitochondrial ancient lineages in the Gepid group and all population genetic analyses reiterated the same genetic structure, showing that early ancient mitogenomes from Europe were the major contributors to the Gepid maternal genetic pool.
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Mitochondrial DNA Profiles of Individuals from a 12th Century Necropolis in Feldioara (Transylvania). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030436. [PMID: 33808521 PMCID: PMC8003334 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic signature of modern Europeans is the cumulated result of millennia of discrete small-scale exchanges between multiple distinct population groups that performed a repeated cycle of movement, settlement, and interactions with each other. In this study we aimed to highlight one such minute genetic cycle in a sea of genetic interactions by reconstructing part of the genetic story of the migration, settlement, interaction, and legacy of what is today the Transylvanian Saxon. The analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region of 13 medieval individuals from Feldioara necropolis (Transylvania region, Romania) reveals a genetically heterogeneous group where all identified haplotypes are different. Most of the perceived maternal lineages are of Western Eurasian origin, except for the Central Asiatic haplogroup C seen in only one sample. Comparisons with historical and modern populations describe the contribution of the investigated Saxon settlers to the genetic history of this part of Europe.
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Genetic insights into the social organisation of the Avar period elite in the 7th century AD Carpathian Basin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:948. [PMID: 31969576 PMCID: PMC6976699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
After 568 AD the Avars settled in the Carpathian Basin and founded the Avar Qaganate that was an important power in Central Europe until the 9th century. Part of the Avar society was probably of Asian origin; however, the localisation of their homeland is hampered by the scarcity of historical and archaeological data. Here, we study mitogenome and Y chromosomal variability of twenty-six individuals, a number of them representing a well-characterised elite group buried at the centre of the Carpathian Basin more than a century after the Avar conquest. The studied group has maternal and paternal genetic affinities to several ancient and modern East-Central Asian populations. The majority of the mitochondrial DNA variability represents Asian haplogroups (C, D, F, M, R, Y and Z). The Y-STR variability of the analysed elite males belongs only to five lineages, three N-Tat with mostly Asian parallels and two Q haplotypes. The homogeneity of the Y chromosomes reveals paternal kinship as a cohesive force in the organisation of the Avar elite strata on both social and territorial level. Our results indicate that the Avar elite arrived in the Carpathian Basin as a group of families, and remained mostly endogamous for several generations after the conquest.
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Neparáczki E, Maróti Z, Kalmár T, Maár K, Nagy I, Latinovics D, Kustár Á, Pálfi G, Molnár E, Marcsik A, Balogh C, Lőrinczy G, Gál SS, Tomka P, Kovacsóczy B, Kovács L, Raskó I, Török T. Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16569. [PMID: 31719606 PMCID: PMC6851379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian nomadic groups arrived to the Carpathian Basin from the Eurasian Steppes and significantly influenced its political and ethnical landscape, however their origin remains largely unknown. In order to shed light on the genetic affinity of above groups we have determined Y chromosomal haplogroups and autosomal loci, suitable to predict biogeographic ancestry, from 49 individuals, supposed to represent the power/military elit. Haplogroups from the Hun-age are consistent with Xiongnu ancestry of European Huns. Most of the Avar-age individuals carry east Eurasian Y haplogroups typical for modern north-eastern Siberian and Buryat populations and their autosomal loci indicate mostly un-admixed Asian characteristics. In contrast the conquering Hungarians seem to be a recently assembled population incorporating un-admixed European, Asian as well as admixed components. Their heterogeneous paternal and maternal lineages indicate similar supposed phylogeographic origin of males and females, derived from Central-Inner Asian and European Pontic Steppe sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Neparáczki
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Maróti
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kalmár
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Kitti Maár
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - István Nagy
- SeqOmics Biotechnology Ltd., Mórahalom, H-6782, Hungary.,Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hun. Acad. Sci, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | | | - Ágnes Kustár
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Erika Molnár
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Antónia Marcsik
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Csilla Balogh
- Department of Art History, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey
| | | | | | - Péter Tomka
- Department of Archaeology, Flóris Rómer Museum of Art and History, H-9024, Győr, Hungary
| | | | - László Kovács
- Institute of Archaeology of the Center for Humanities of the Hun. Acad. Sci, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Raskó
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of the Hun. Acad. Sci, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Tibor Török
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary.
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Y-chromosomal connection between Hungarians and geographically distant populations of the Ural Mountain region and West Siberia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7786. [PMID: 31127140 PMCID: PMC6534673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hungarians who live in Central Europe today are one of the westernmost Uralic speakers. Despite of the proposed Volga-Ural/West Siberian roots of the Hungarian language, the present-day Hungarian gene pool is highly similar to that of the surrounding Indo-European speaking populations. However, a limited portion of specific Y-chromosomal lineages from haplogroup N, sometimes associated with the spread of Uralic languages, link modern Hungarians with populations living close to the Ural Mountain range on the border of Europe and Asia. Here we investigate the paternal genetic connection between these spatially separated populations. We reconstruct the phylogeny of N3a4-Z1936 clade by using 33 high-coverage Y-chromosomal sequences and estimate the coalescent times of its sub-clades. We genotype close to 5000 samples from 46 Eurasian populations to show the presence of N3a4-B539 lineages among Hungarians and in the populations from Ural Mountain region, including Ob-Ugric-speakers from West Siberia who are geographically distant but linguistically closest to Hungarians. This sub-clade splits from its sister-branch N3a4-B535, frequent today among Northeast European Uralic speakers, 4000-5000 ya, which is in the time-frame of the proposed divergence of Ugric languages.
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